The invention discloses an automatic chip power-on reliability detection device and a detection method and aims to solve technical problems in the prior art that hand-operated operation easily causes errors, measurement is inaccurate, and long-time and large-intensity power-on detection is not suitable. The device comprises a PC used for operating display and control software and a test board for chip tests, wherein the PC is equipped with the display and control software, and the test board comprises a serial port chip, an FPGA, a main control chip, a numerical control power supply module, an A/D conversion chip, a slot of a test chip and a card in matching with the slot of the test chip. The automatic chip power-on detection method comprises steps that, the PC receives test information, the display and control software assembles the test information into data frames and sends the data frames to the serial port chip, a tested chip is tested through the test board, and the data frames transferred from the FPGA are parsed by the automatic power-on reliability detection software of the main control chip. According to the device and the method, test result accuracy is improved, the test process is simple, and operation is simple and convenient.