285 results about "Osmotic coefficient" patented technology

Elastomeric compositions comprising at least one C₄ to C₇ monoolefin elastomer, at least one polyalphaolefin, and optionally at least one hydrocarbon polymer additive are disclosed. The PAO comprises oligomers of one or more C₂ to C₂₀ alpha-olefins having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3 to 3000 cSt and a Mw/Mn of less than 4. In one aspect, the elastomeric composition may have improved flex fatigue properties and have a fatigue life of 450,000 Kc or more as measured by ASTM D 412 die C. In another aspect, an elastomeric composition may have improved impermeability and have a permeation coefficient at 40° C. of 160 cc*mm/(m²−day) or less.

The invention discloses an indoor grouting testing device under simulation of a complex stress effect and a testing method thereof. According to the invention, a rock-soil sample is wrapped with a rubber membrane, and is provided with an upper permeable stone and a lower permeable stone on the upper surface and the lower surface thereof respectively; the upper permeable stone and the lower permeable stone are arranged in a closed surrounding pressure room; the upper permeable stone is provided with a pressurization plug; the pressurization plug is connected to an axial pressurization device through a force transfer rod; a surrounding pressure pipe is communicated with the surrounding pressure room, and the outer end of the surrounding pressure pipe is connected with a surrounding pressure system; a counter pressure pipe is connected with the upper permeable stone, and the outer end of the counter pressure pipe is connected with a counter pressure system; and a grouting filter pipe, placed in the axes of the rock-soil sample, is connected with equipment, such as a grouting pump, a slurry barrel and the like through grouting pipes. Through truly simulating the coupling effect between deep complex stress and underground water pressure, the slurry dispersion radius in rock-soil body grouting and the function relationship between the osmotic coefficient value of a grouted stone body and the related parameter are obtained. The device and the method shorten the time needed by tests, and achieve effects of convenience, reliability and accuracy.

An article having a fluid permeation prevention layer, such as a pneumatic tire or hose. A tire for example includes an outer tread layer, intermediate sidewall and carcass layers and an innermost air permeation prevention layer: (i) the air permeation prevention (APP) layer having an upper and a lower surface, the layer having a polymer composition exhibiting an air permeation coefficient (APC) of about 25×1O′12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30* C) or less and a Young's modulus of about 1 MPa to about 500 MPa, the polymer composition comprising: (A) at least 10 wt % of at least one. thermoplastic resin component having an APC of about 25×1O″12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.) or less and a Young's modulus of more than 500 MPa, which is preferably a polyamide resin or mixture, and (B) at least 10 wt % of at least one elastomer component having an APC of more than about 25×10″12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.) and a Young's modulus of not more than 500 MPa, which elastomer component is preferably a halogen-containing rubber or mixture, the total amount (A)+(B) being not less than about 30 wt %, and the elastomer component is a dispersed vulcanized, discontinuous phase in the thermoplastic resin matrix; and (ii) at least one thermoplastic laminate layer bonded to at least said lower surface of the APP layer, the thermoplastic layer comprising a film-forming, semi-crystalline, substantially hydrophobic carbon chain polymer having a glass transition temperature, Tg, of less than about −200 C.

The invention discloses a negative pressure osmosis test device which comprises a base, a soil sample ring, a porous permeable stone, a water storage container, an electronic balance, a vacuum pump, a pressure gauge and a sealed container, wherein the soil sample is arranged in the cylindrical soil sample ring, the upper end of a sample is connected with the water storage container, and the bottom end of the sample is connected with the sealed container and the vacuum pump; a pressure difference is formed at two ends of the soil sample through vacuum-pumping, and water seeps in the soil sample under the action of the pressure difference; an osmotic coefficient of the soil sample can be obtained through calculating the amount of water passing though the soil sample in unit time; a load applying piston at the upper end of the sample can apply vertical load so as to solidify the soil; osmosis tests of different solidifying pressures can be performed to simulate the seepage of the practical field soil under different stress environments; the osmosis test can be directly performed on the prepared soil sample. Therefore, the test device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, quick and convenient test, and obviously shortened test time, and is particularly suitable for the osmosis test of low-osmosis soil samples.

The invention relates to an apparatus for a layered undisturbed soil seepage experiment. The apparatus comprises a pedestal, a seepage column connected to the pedestal, an upper end cover on the seepage column, a flowmeter, a silicone tube connected with the flowmeter, an overflow tank connected with the flowmeter through the silicone tube and a multi-parameter analyzer connected with a sensor onthe seepage column through a signal line. The invention can be used for determining penetration coefficient and dispersion coefficient in undisturbed soil in production, researching on influence of soil amendment on soil mechanical properties, researching on influences of leaching of different solutions on soil structure and influence of soil midstream on unsaturated zone soil and underground water, can also be applied to parameter determination in the relevant field of solute migration and can be used as a teaching apparatus.

Determination of hydraulic properties such as porosity and permeability of soil is of paramount importance in hydrology and civil engineering. In order to achieve greater accuracy in determination of permeability of soil using falling head permeameter, the two important known constraints of human monitoring error in noting the falling water level between two selected levels and elapse time between these two levels had overcome through electronically sensing the levels between two selected points and activating the timer clock automatically by the pulses coming from senor. The precision in measurement of time lapse in 1/100^th a second enables greater accuracy in estimation of permeability. Provision of perforated Teflon disc above and below the soil core facilitates in application of water uniformly over the entire surface area of soil core at top and similar way permeated water leaving the soil core uniformly without any obstruction. The use of carbon steel seamless tube while collecting soil core facilitated in undisturbed soil core recovery from desired depth section. The permeability test was conducted for various sorted sands of different size ranges and each sample was subjected to repetitive tests and elapsed time for each test was recorded from timer unit. Coefficient of Permeability was calculated for each test. The lab experiment conducted for sorted and unsorted sediments has yielded a consistent performance of Electronic level sensor and timer based falling head soil permeameter.

A leukocyte-removing filter, characterized in that it comprises a filter material having a vertical permeation coefficient (kx) of 0.5×10⁻¹² to 2.0×10⁻¹² m² and a ratio (ky/kx) of a horizontal permeation coefficient (ky) to kx of 0.5 to 1.5; and a method for removing leukocytes using said filter. The above leukocyte-removing filter has a higher leukocyte-removing performance per unit volume and also does not bring clogging nor increase of pressure drop.

The invention provides a penetration coefficient determination apparatus for a permeable asphalt concrete track board test piece, and a test method thereof. The determination apparatus comprises a test device and a water supply device, and the test device comprises a workbench, an overflow water tank, an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve, two flanges, an electronic thermometer and a measuring cylinder; the outer sidewall of the upper sleeve is provided with water overflow ports connected with the inside of the upper sleeve, the two same flanges are provided with a ring of a slot, and the two flanges and the sleeve are cemented to form an integral body; the lower sleeve is connected through the overflow water tank, and the overflow water tank is provided with an overflow port and a water drainage port; the test piece is placed between the two flanges, a rubber sealing pad is arranged between each of the flanges and the test piece, the flanges are provided with screw holes, and the test piece is fixed through allowing long bolts to traverse through the screw holes and through using nuts; and the water supply device comprises a water storage barrel, a water pump and a power switch. The apparatus has the advantages of reasonable structure, simple operation, satisfactory solving of the seepage problem of the side wall, realization of flexible control of hydraulic gradient, and reasonable and reliable determination result.

The invention discloses a soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus which mainly comprises a stabilizing water supply system and an osmosis system, wherein the osmosis system mainly comprises a vertically arranged soil body sample chamber, an osmotic water distributing pipe arranged in the center of the sample chamber vertically and a water collector arranged outside the sample chamber and used for receiving osmotic water, wherein the sample chamber consists of a cylinder body, an upper close cover and a lower close cover, the wall surface of the cylinder body is uniformly distributed with osmotic water drain holes, the upper close cover and the lower close cover are airtightly connected with the cylinder body, the pipe wall of the water distributing pipe is uniformly provided with osmosis holes, the upper end of the water distributing pipe is closed and a pipe opening at the lower end of the water distributing pipe is communicated with the stabilizing water supply system after passing through the lower close cover of the sample chamber. The measuring apparatus can be adapted to different soil bodies, can measure soil body horizontal osmotic coefficients under the real state, can be used for measuring the sample horizontal impervious sloping and adapt to the requirement on the high head of the present high earth and rockfill dam, and meets the research demand on real engineering design and soil body osmosis characteristic.

A laminate (C) of a thermoplastic polymer composition comprising: a thermoplastic resin composition (A) having an permeation coefficient of 10×10⁻¹² cc·cm/cm²·sec·cmHg or less, laminated with a thermoplastic polymer composition (B) having a melt viscosity of 500-2000 Pa·s and a Young's modulus at a room temperature of 1-400 MPa, wherein the thickness of a layer of the thermoplastic resin composition (A) is 0.05-10 μm and the air permeation coefficient of the laminate (C) of 20×10⁻¹² cc·cm/cm²·sec·cmHg or less, and a pneumatic tire using the above laminate (C) as an inner liner.

The invention provides a multi-state undisturbed soil column infiltration simulation system and an unsaturated osmotic coefficient determination method. The simulation system comprises a bottom member, one or more soil column experiment standard members which are connected onto the bottom member and a multi-strength rainfall infiltration device arranged at the top of the soil column experiment standard members; a soil filling member of the simulation system is composed of a plurality of standard members and is automatically controlled by a computer; the determination of a rainfall infiltration coefficient and an osmotic coefficient is realized based on the system and testing steps and a calculation method are provided; in a determination process, a large-diameter undisturbed soil column is used for an indoor experiment and the multi-strength rainfall infiltration device is used for simulating three types of strength rainfall infiltration boundary conditions, such as low-strength rainfall whole infiltration boundary condition, a middle-strength rainfall radial flowing infiltration boundary condition and a high-strength rainfall stable infiltration boundary condition; and the multi-state undisturbed soil column infiltration simulation system has the characteristics of strong practicability, good utilization effect and convenience for popularization and utilization.

The invention relates to a pressure and water reduction construction method of ultra-deep foundation pit confined water, which is characterized in that field survey and test are performed to obtain the osmotic coefficient of a water-bearing stratum in the field, the quality of a formed hole is ensured by adopting a gas-lift reverse circulation guide pipe, a well casing structure is optimized, the geological conditions of the field can be adapted with a short filter, a tap is ensured to be deeply descended, and the water discharging amount is ensured at the same time. The invention has optimal water reduction effect, reduces influence on peripheral environments without high-power pumping equipment in the water reduction process, reduces energy consumption reduction, is convenient for construction and is especially suitable for the field with a thicker pebble layer, higher permeability and abundant water amounts.

The invention discloses a prediction method for saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of deformed soil based on a fractal theory. The prediction method comprises the following steps: taking a soil-water characteristic curve of soil samples before deformation as a reference state, using a fractal model of the oil-water characteristic curve and fitting to obtain a fractal dimension D0 and an air entry value Psi a0 before the deformation, making the fractal dimension unchanged before and after the deformation, combining with a prediction model of the deformed air entry value to obtain a deformed air entry value Psi a, combining the deformed fractal dimension D0 and air entry value Psi a through a saturated/unsaturated relative permeability coefficient model, predicting the saturated permeability coefficient and an unsaturated relative permeability coefficient of the deformed soil, and multiplying the saturated permeability coefficient and the unsaturated relative permeability coefficient to obtain the unsaturated permeability coefficient. The prediction method for the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of the deformed soil based on the fractal theory disclosed by the invention overcomes the defects that the prediction of the permeability coefficients is empirically based, thereby lacking theoretical support and having complicated calculation, and has the advantages of having extremely important values in seepage theories and fluid-solid coupling research and engineering application of saturated/unsaturated soil.

A permselective material has a polymer having an organosiloxane skeleton and containing a dispersed solid additive. When oxygen and nitrogen are passed through a membrane having the permselective material, the relation between the permeability coefficients [cm³·cm·sec⁻¹·cm⁻²·cmHg⁻¹] of oxygen and nitrogen at a temperature of 23±2° C. under a pressure difference of 1.05 atm to 1.20 atm through the membrane is expressed by Formula (1):

where P(O₂) denotes the permeability coefficient of oxygen, while P(N₂) denotes the permeability coefficient of nitrogen.

The invention discloses a GMS-based (groundwater modeling system) forecast method for ground water seepage fields at different mining levels of a mining area. The method comprises the steps that through performing analytical investigation on hydrogeological conditions of an area, boundary conditions and water containing bodies are generalized, ground water runoff conditions are analyzed, and coefficients of each source sink term are determined; the GMS is adopted to perform finite difference grid division on a simulation area, an initial water head is determined based on the water level of an observation well, hydrological parameters of each simulation sub-area are determined based on a pumping test and the provided data, hydrological module types of the source sink terms in the area are analyzed, assignment is performed on a corresponding hydrogeological map layer by combining the determined source sink term coefficients, and then a subarea map of the osmotic coefficients at different mining levels is obtained; prediction models for ground water seepage fields of a mining area are established based on GMS, and the observation data is utilized to adjust the hydrogeological parameters of the models, and finally, simulation is performed by combining with the discharge capacities at different mining levels to obtain the ground water seepage fields at different mining levels. The method has the advantages of convenience in operation, excellent three-dimensional visualization function and reliable result.

A method for determining osmotic coefficient includes using a vacuuming device to make soil sample be state of vacuum negative pressure and using pressure difference generated by vacuum as osmotic force when osmose is occurred, making water flow in soil sample to create vadose, measuring vadose amount and vadose time as well as vadose distance on soil sample for obtaining osmotic coefficient of tested soil sample. The device for realizing said method is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a micropore channel-based saturated/unsaturated osmotic coefficient forecasting method, which comprises the following steps: on the basis of a micro-connected channel seepage model and the capillary theory, building a model for forecasting a saturated/unsaturated osmotic coefficient through soil-water characteristic curves; obtaining the soil-water characteristic curve and a saturated osmotic coefficient of soil through a pressure plate apparatus and a varying head test; calculating a comprehensive osmotic ratio constant kc by using the model of the saturated osmotic coefficient; performing n equal division according to the comprehensive osmotic ratio constant kc of a certain type of soil and the actually measured soil-water characteristic curve, and calculating a saturated osmotic coefficient ks and an unsaturated relative osmotic coefficient kr of the type of soil by using the relevant model; multiplying the saturated osmotic coefficient ks and the unsaturated relative osmotic coefficient kr, thus obtaining an unsaturated osmotic coefficient kw. From a microscopic view, the method disclosed by the invention has an important significance for revealing an internal mechanism for controlling the size of an osmotic coefficient of the soil, analyzing seepage of unsaturated soil and researching hydromechanical coupling.

The invention discloses a device for testing the penetration and deformation of an impervious material of a gasket of a landfill site. The device comprises a pressurization device, a data control device, a testing vessel and a data processing device; the testing vessel consists of two hollow hemispheres with wing edges; the impervious material of the gasket is arranged between two hollow hemispheres; and the testing device measures pressure at two sides of geomembrane to obtain the pressure difference, provides parameters for the deformation of the geomembrane under certain pressure and can establish a pressure-deformation quantity relation. The testing device has the functions of measuring the osmotic coefficient and the deformation of the impervious material of the landfill site and also has the function of measuring the osmotic coefficients under different pressures. Data acquisition of the testing device ensures the simultaneity of the data acquisition to allow the measured osmotic coefficient to be more accurate. The osmotic coefficient measured by the testing device can be directly read and also establish relations between the pressure and the osmotic coefficient and between the pressure and the deformation quantity; therefore, the device provides more reliable evidence for the engineering application and the estimation of imperviousness of the geomembrane.

The present invention provides a clay film with excellent flexibility, whose main component is natural clay or synthetic clay, and in which there is uniform orientation in the clay particle layer, and relates to a novel clay film that has enough mechanical strength to be used as a self-supporting film, and has a structure in which layers of clay particles are highly oriented, and in which the main constituent component of the clay film is mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, or nontronite, and which has excellent flexibility, undergoes no structural change at high temperatures of 250° C. and up to 600° C., contains no pinholes, and has a gas permeation coefficient of less than 3.2×10⁻¹¹ cm²s⁻¹cmHg⁻¹ at room temperature for helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or air.

The invention discloses a penetrability test method and a penetrability test device for an infiltrating formwork texture based on concrete grout medium. The method comprises the following steps: step one, cement mortar is prepared according to the mixing proportion of concrete construction, and is filled after stone coarse aggregate is removed, and the intact penetration side surface is applied with a saturated infiltrating formwork texture to be tested; step two, a horizontal load is exerted on a test sample, side pressures of concrete grouts at different positions in actual formwork engineering are simulated, steady pressure values are maintained, and the average water penetration and discharge amount and the average unit penetration and discharge rate of each corresponding timing unit are calculated; step three, test data are arranged to obtain an experimental expression of a comprehensive time-varying penetration coefficient; step four and step five, the mixing proportion of the test sample is changed or the side pressure values are adjusted to obtain experimental expressions of the comprehensive time-varying penetration coefficient under corresponding conditions; step six, the change rate psi of the comprehensive time-varying penetration coefficient is obtained; and step seven, the clogging degrees of the test sample, namely the saturated infiltrating formwork texture before and after the experiment are tested.

The invention discloses a similar material for a small and medium solid-fluid coupled model test and a preparation method thereof. The similar material is prepared from the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 71.7-79.2% of sand, 2.4-8.1% of cement, 2.4-11.0% of kaolin, 2.0-9.0% of vaseline and 4.6-6.7% of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighting the sand, the cement, the kaolin, the vaseline and the water in proportion; stirring the sand, the cement and the kaolin in a stirrer to form a first mixed material, and standing the first mixed material in a room at a temperature of 25 DEG C; uniformly stirring the water and the vaseline in a vessel to form a second mixed material; stirring the first mixed material and the second mixed material at a normal temperature for 3-5 minutes to form a third mixed material, then placing the third mixed material into a forming die, tamping and forming, standing the material at the room temperature for 24 hours after demolding and the like, thereby preparing the similar material. The prepared similar material has the uniaxial compressive strength of 0.3-0.8Mpa, the elastic modulus of 130-223Mpa, the osmotic coefficient of 7.45*10<-7>-9.37*10<-5>cm/s, the cohesive force of 54-87Kpa and the frictional angle of 34-46 degrees and is suitable for simulating the model tests of rocks with different mechanical properties and osmosis.

The invention discloses a soil water-gas collapsibility-consolidation-penetration combined determinator. The determinator comprises a collapsibility-consolidation-penetration permeameter, a water seepage coefficient determination system and an air permeation coefficient determination system. The collapsibility-consolidation-penetration permeameter comprises a base and a cutting ring. The cutting ring is filled with a soil sample. The top end of the soil sample is provided with a pressurization control system. The pressurization control system is provided with a dial indicator for determining displacement of a piston in the pressurization control system and a compression gauge for determining air pressure. The water seepage coefficient determination system and the air permeation coefficient determination system are connected to the collapsibility-consolidation-penetration permeameter through pipe ports. The determinator utilizes a modularization design, can carry out a standard height soil sample test, can prepare soil samples with different heights according to demands and test them and can realize simultaneous determination of a penetration coefficient, an air permeation coefficient, a concretion coefficient, a loess collapsibility coefficient and a penetration coefficient and air permeation coefficient after loess collapse. The determinator has the characteristics of good flexibility, short test period, stable and reliable pressure control, labor and time saving and high cost performance.