The invention discloses a sand control flowback process after shale gas horizontal well fracturing. A 2mm oil nozzle is adopted for carrying out well opening liquid discharge on a fractured shale gashorizontal well, the well opening pressure changes are recorded, and if the pressure drop rate within continuous 10 hours is lower than 0.05MPa/h, the oil nozzle is increased to a 3mm oil nozzle for draining; after well opening draining is carried out for 72 hours, and measures are taken according to whether gas breakthrough appears or not; if gas breakthrough does not appear, according to the well opening pressure, the pressure in the well bottom seam is calculated, and if the pressure in the seam is larger than the closing pressure of the regional stratum, the 3mm oil nozzle is continuouslyadopted for draining until the stratum is closed; if the pressure in the seam is smaller than the regional stratum closing pressure, at the moment, the stratum is closed, if gas breakthrough appears,the oil nozzle is directly increased to a 4mm oil nozzle for draining, on the premise that the sand production does not appear in the stratum, when the pressure drop rate is lower than 0.2 MPa/h within continuous 12 hours, the oil nozzle is increased stage by stage with 1 mm as the unit to the test work system, and the well test yield is solved. According to the method, in the flowback process, the crack closing degree, the gas and liquid ratio and the well cylinder flow state are judged in real time, the flowback system is optimized in real time, and the shaft sand production rate at the flowback primary period can be effectively controlled.