The invention discloses a sludge resource treatment apparatus and a sludge treatment method using the same. The apparatus comprises a collecting filter, a sludge conveying device, a waste heat drying column, a cyclone separator, a rotary kiln, a draught fan, an airheater, a gathering tank, a deodorizing tower, a gas-liquid separator and a chimney, wherein the sludge conveying device, the waste heat drying column, the cyclone separator, the draught fan, and the deodorizing tower are successively connected through pipelines. When the sludge is anhydrated by the sludge resource treatment apparatus, the sludge generated by a sewage treatment plant is treated with gravity settlement to filter free water, dried with waste heat from the rotary kiln in the waste heat drying column and enters intothe rotary kiln to realize drying or sintering of the sludge; stink, flue gas and water vapor generate during the process is guided into the deodorizing tower for treatment by the draught fan. The treatment apparatus of the present invention has a compact and stable structure, small land occupation, is convenient for maintenance, and can be prepared into container overlap to facilitate carrying and save space.