138 results about "Permafrost" patented technology

The invention discloses a construction method of a rigid primary support of mould-building concrete of a plateau permafrost tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: 1. measuring and paying off; 2. tunnel excavation and construction: excavating by utilizing a full face excavation method; 3. construction of the rigid primary support of the mould-building concrete: erecting a grille steel frame, applying an anchor rod, hanging a reinforced mesh and pouring concrete with an initial lining trolley, namely constructing the primary support of the tunnel by utilizing a bolt-mesh-shotcreting-grouting combined support method; 4. laying of a waterproof and thermal insulation layer: laying the waterproof and thermal insulation layer on the completely constructed rigid primary support of the mould-building concrete; and 5. secondary lining construction: carrying out secondary lining construction on the laid waterproof and thermal insulation layer. The construction method has the advantages of rational design, low cost, high engineering quality and fast construction speed, is convenient in construction, effectively ensures the construction safety and quality, and simultaneously ensures that the completely constructed plateau permafrost tunnel has excellent water resistance and drainage functions, excellent thermal insulation function, long service life, low maintenance cost and low later-stage rework cost.

The invention discloses a hydraulic control natural gas hydrate hole bottom frozen rope core drill and a coring method, which are particularly suitable for drilling and coring of natural gas hydrates of deep sea and permafrost lands. The hydraulic control natural gas hydrate hole bottom frozen rope core drill uses dry ice as a cold source, uses ethyl alcohol as cooling catalyst and secondary refrigerant, and can achieve rapid freezing of natural gas hydrate rock cores. The hydraulic control natural gas hydrate hole bottom frozen rope core drill achieves to rapidly core without lifting a drill by combining rope coring and hole bottom freezing. The hydraulic control natural gas hydrate hole bottom frozen rope core drill drives a control valve machine to achieve the process that the cold source is injected into a refrigeration mechanism by adopting drilling fluid column pressure, and has high feasibility. An inner pipe assembly does not rotate when drilling, prevents hydrate rock cores from being damaged because of mechanical force which is produced by a drill in a large extent, thereby more effectively improving recovery rate of rock cores, integrity and representative, and can rapidly obtain the rock cores on the ground by adopting a split core barrel mode to rapidly sample on the ground.

The invention discloses an insulation construction method for a frozen-earth roadbed, which comprises the steps of: (1) carrying out excavating and replacing-filling construction; (2) laying a sand mattress layer, an insulation board, a geotextile and a geogrid; (3) burying temperature sensors; and (4) performing regular temperature observation. The insulation construction method for the frozen-earth roadbed relates to a construction method of setting a thermal insulation layer in a permafrost section, which is capable of controlling disturbance on a permafrost layer effectively, and maintaining property stability of the permafrost layer, thereby enhancing the overall stability of a roadbed, preventing the roadbed in the permafrost section from damages of subsidence, frost heave, pavement cracking, collapse, and the like, reducing replacing-filling thickness, saving construction cost, and shorting construction period under the same conditions.

Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling temperatures in the environments of oil, gas condensate, or gas wells. Methods are provided for reducing the melting of glaciers and ice dams through the deployment of hydrate-forming substances. Active methods involve employing a vapor-compression refrigerator/heat pump cycle in an annulus lying between the relatively hot production string and the relatively cold outer pipe. Passive methods include: deploying cold hydrate-forming fluids into the external ice-laden environment of an oil, gas condensate, or gas well in a permafrost area and allowing those hydrate forming fluids to mix with any melt-water that may be present or that may subsequently form due to the loss of heat from the oil, gas condensate, or gas well. Mixtures of the hydrate forming fluids and the melt-water will set up into a solid having a much higher melting point and a much lower thermal conductivity than those of ice.

The invention relates to a cutoff and drainage system for a permafrost tunnel edge and heading slope and a cutting slope and a construction method thereof. The most important work in the engineering construction of the permafrost area edge and heading slope is the prevention of freezing and thawing, a water retaining bank is used for treating surface water, the underground thawing water is drained through a heat-insulation blind ditch, and is simply cut off by a water preventing plate, and a longitudinal drainage channel is not provided for the thawing water. The cutoff and drainage system is provided with a trench, wherein the trench is positioned at the top of the edge and heading slope, the bottom of the trench is provided with a heat-insulation water seepage blind ditch, the original foundation pit soil is backfilled into the heat-insulation water seepage blind ditch, water separating layers are paved above the original foundation pit soil and on the side wall, near the edge and heading slope, of the trench, graded crushed stones which are integrally coated with a non-woven geotextile are arranged in the remained space of the trench, and cohesive soil is backfilled above the graded crushed stones. The cutoff and drainage system has the advantages that the water retaining bank is combined with the heat-insulation water seepage blind ditch to fully treat the surface water and the underground thawing water; the structure type is simple and reliable, and the drainage performance is good; the long-time servicing performance is good, and the curing cost is reduced; and the practicality, the endurance and the little maintenance are realized.

A wind turbine system is provided for geographic regions having multiple soil layers, such as permafrost. The wind turbine includes a plurality of blades mounted to a nacelle on top of a tower. The tower is supported by a foundation that extends through or into the multiple soil layers. The wind turbine monitors the condition of a top layer of soil and calculates a natural frequency for the wind turbine system based on the changes to the layer of soil. Changes in operation of the wind turbine are made in response to changes in the natural frequency of the wind turbine system.

The invention relates to an anti-frost-lifting anti-thaw-collapse foundation self-refrigeration device and a use method thereof. The device includes a foundation side wall self-refrigeration structureand a lock catch, and the foundation side wall self-refrigeration structure is arranged on the periphery of a pile foundation and includes a temperature sensor, a temperature control device, a control switch, a liquid nitrogen storage tank, an S-shaped tube and a vacuum generator. The temperature sensor is arranged on the side wall of pile foundation and connected with the temperature control device, the temperature control device is connected with and controls the control switch which is connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank and one end of the S-shaped tube, the liquid nitrogen storage tank is arranged near the pile foundation, the S-shaped tube is arranged on the periphery of the pile foundation, the other end of the S-shaped tube is connected with the vacuum generator which is arranged near the pile foundation, and the lock catch is arranged on the pile foundation. The device makes the pile foundation effectively resist uplifting force and thaw collapse caused by swellingforce of frozen earth, and is suitable for pile foundations in high-cold areas, especially in permafrost or seasonal frozen soil areas, to prevent tower foundations of power transmission lines from frost lifting thaw collapse.

The invention discloses a summer-time face excavation construction method for a high and cold permafrost ultra-long highway tunnel. The summer-time face excavation construction method comprises the steps of tunnel portal excavation and side slope and heading slope protection, shallow-buried tunnel portal permafrost follow-pipe shed construction, shallow-buried tunnel trunk section permafrost excavation and supporting and frozen-earth-section tunnel trunk lining. Before a frozen-earth-section tunnel portal is excavated, a heat-preservation blind drain and a water retaining drive part are arranged in the outside 5 m away from the top of a heading slope and 2 m away from the tops of side slopes in a 'front-cut rear-drive' mode. A positive benching tunneling method is adopted at a frozen-earth tunnel portal section to perform layered and sectioned excavation and supporting, a tunnel portal is pre-reinforced by adopting a large advancing pipe shed, a mining method is adopted at a hidden hole shallow-buried section for construction, a three-bench seven-step excavation method is adopted for excavation, C30 low-temperature early-strength steel fiber sprayed concrete and primary-formwork-lining C30 low-temperature early-strength concrete are adopted to form a double-layer preliminary-supporting structure, and C45 concrete is adopted for secondary formwork lining. By means of the summer-time face excavation construction method, the hole forming difficulty problem can be solved, construction cost can be reduced, a construction period can be shortened, and the like.

The invention discloses a measure for rapidly recovering vegetation in a cold region. In the measure, open-cell heat insulation foam material and open-cell plastic thin film are adopted, wherein the open-cell plastic thin film can be arranged at the bottom of the open-cell heat insulation foam material or between two open-cell heat insulation foam material layers, the plastic thin film is provided with O-shaped, or triangular or polygonal holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the holes of the heat insulation material, and bamboo nails or U-shaped steel nails are used for fixing the open-cell plastic thin film and the heat insulation foam material. By applying the measure disclosed by the invention, moisture capillary action can be effectively blocked, moisture evaporation rate can be greatly reduced, and sufficient effective accumulated temperature and moisture conditions can be provided for vegetation germination and growth in spring and summer, and the smooth growth and recovery of vegetation is guaranteedy, thus vegetation recovery is realized. Besides, since a vegetation recovery felty layer is formed, the covered permafrost environment can be maintained stable for a long time. By popularizing and implementing the measure disclosed by the invention, important ecological effect and social and economic benefits can be created for harmony and unity of engineering construction and ecological environment construction, protection of biological diversity in river source regions, water and soil conservation and maintenance of ecological balance.

The invention provides a permafrost-disaster-information extracting method and device based on satellite remote sensing images. Satellite remote sensing image data is used in cooperation with the permafrost-disaster-type conditions based on permafrost areas, the automatic classification or human-computer interaction interpretation or wave band synthesis method of a computer is adopted, and the information meeting the permafrost-disaster-type conditions can be extracted out of the satellite remote sensing image data; in this way, permafrost-disaster information databases of relative areas can be established, potential menaces of the poor geological phenomenon to other engineering such as a road and accordingly-and-possibly-caused engineering disease are analyzed, scientific instruction is provided for reducing the occurrence rate of the engineering disease and damage of natural disaster to engineering, a scientific basis is provided for designing and construction of new great permafrost engineering in future areas, and meanwhile the ecological environment along the line is protected.

The invention relates to a permafrost tunnel supporting method of the Qinghai-Tibet railway, which ensures the construction safety of a permafrost tunnel and the successful construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway and validates that concrete wet-spraying support is feasible in high plateau permafrost tunnel construction and obtains great breakthrough by adopting a concrete spraying construction technology through improving the construction technology, the mixing proportion, the reasonable temperature of a spraying technology system, the reasonable mixing amount of an antifreezer, an early strength admixture, and other additive agents, the bonding strength of a rock surface, and the like. The permafrost tunnel supporting method of the Qinghai-Tibet railway comprises the following operation steps: mixing 1.8kg/m<3> of polypropylene fiber in sprayed concrete during concrete spraying construction on a frozen rock, wherein the mixing amount of the antifreezer is 1.8 percent; and heating a liquid accelerator within the mixing amount range of 3-5 percent so that the cement paste keeps the temperature of 10 DEG C, wherein the ratio of cement to skeletal material is 1:3.4, the use amount of the cement is between 470kg/m<3> and 500kg/m<3>, the sand coarse aggregate ratio of the sprayed concrete is 60 percent, and the cement water ratio of the sprayed concrete is 0.47.

The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method of frost heave and thaw collapse characteristics of permafrost. The testing device of the frost heave and thaw collapse characteristics ofthe permafrost comprises a calorstat, a test box placed in the calorstat, a water replenishing system for replenishing water for a test sample in the test box, and a temperature control system for adjusting the freezing temperature of the test sample in the test box; the test box comprises a box body having two open ends, and a top temperature control device and a bottom temperature control device for sealing the upper and lower ends of the box body; a plurality of through holes for placing millimeter-scale microtubes and mouonting holes for placing temperature probes in the temperature control system are formed in at least one side face of the box body on the height direction, and a cold storage conducting strip in contact with the inner surface of the bottom temperature control device is placed in the box body below a water replenishing seepage layer; the water replenishing system comprises the millimeter-scale microtubes penetrating through the through holes and communicating withthe interior of the box body, and a water replenishing storage device communicating with the millimeter-scale microtubes; and the temperature control system, the top temperature control device and thebottom temperature control device are all electrically connected with the control system.

The invention discloses a steel truss arc shack used for a tunnel portal with permafrost in a high and cold area. The steel truss arc shack comprises a main truss structure (1), a supporting connection structure (2) and a roofing structure (3). A reversed isosceles triangle is formed by two first steel pipes (1-1-1) arranged on the upper portion of each steel pipe truss (1-1) and a second steel pipe (1-1-2) arranged on the lower portion of each steel pipe truss (1-1). The rise-span ratio of the steel pipe trusses (1-1) is 4 to 35. The supporting connection structure (2) is composed of fourteen steel pipe stand columns (2-1), eight stand column pulling rods (2-2), foundation (2-3) and eighty four steel wire ropes (2-4). The steel truss arc shack is installed in one step and has multiple functions. An air conditioning function is achieved, heat is insulated in summer and preserved in winter, and thus the steel truss arc shack has the advantages of being cold-proof in winter, wind-proof, rain-proof and snow-proof in a full year and capable of achieving construction of the tunnel portal with the permafrost in the high and cold area with elevation more than 4300m in the full year.

The invention relates to a process method for treating a perenial frozen soil wetland foundation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an area with widest area, largest thickness and lowest temperature of perenial frozen soil in an intermediate and low latitudinal band of the Northern Hemisphere, and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is one of important foundational engineering of the Development of the West Regions in China; and as known from the investigation of main diseases of road foundations of railways in perenial frozen soil areas, the diseases caused by wetland sections account for 60 to 70 percent of the total diseases and severely influences normal operation of the railway and greatly increases the operation and maintenance expenditure of the road foundations. The invention aims to provide the process method for treating the perenial frozen soil wetland foundation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which maintains the thermal stability of the road foundation, increases the bearing capability of the foundation and reduces thaw collapse and deformation of the road foundation. The process method treats the foundation by adoption of packing sedimentation by throwing stones, geotechnical pattern rooms and hydroceramic soil or geogrid and hydroceramic soil method, so as to guarantee the stability of the foundation and obviously improve the bearing capacity of the treated foundation.

A Single Piezo-Actuator Rotary-Hammering (SPaRH) Drill includes a horn actuator having high power piezoelectric materials and a flexure pre-stress to increase the actuators effectiveness. The drill is a low mass, low power, compact coring drill measuring 20-cm high by 7-cm diameter and having a total weight of 2 kg including drive electronics. Using an average power of 50-Watts, the drill basalt is expected to cut basalt at a rate of 0.2 cm/min down to depth of 10-cm and create cuttings and an intact core. The drill is expected to operate under different environments including Martian ambient (6 Torr and down to −50° C.), and liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) and low pressure (<<1 Torr) to simulate lunar polar and Europa conditions. Materials expected to be sampled include Kaolinite, Saddleback Basalt, Limestone, Volcanic Breccia, Siltstone, ice, permafrost and layered rocks with different hardness.

The invention discloses a cold region tunnel thermal insulation system and an installation method thereof. According to the thermal insulation system, heat (cold) wind is continuously injected into anarch insulation device which is fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the characteristics of good thermal insulation performance and poor thermal conductivity of air are used, and the single thermalinsulation time of the system can be prolonged when the energy consumption of thermal insulation is reduced. The cold region tunnel thermal insulation system can prevent tunnels in permafrost regionsfrom freezing thawing, and can also prevent tunnels in seasonal cold regions from frost heaving, so that the tunnels are kept from frozen damage. The cold region tunnel thermal insulation system hashigh reliability, modular parts facilitate installation and maintenance, and the cold region tunnel thermal insulation system can be used not only for a newly built tunnel, but also for the thermal insulation reconstruction of an existing tunnel.

The invention discloses a temperature-related frozen soil index determining method and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of information processing. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a historical monitoring data of a target monitoring site, wherein the historical monitoring data comprises the daily average temperature and the daily average ground temperature acquired at the target monitoring site within a preset time period; inputting the daily average temperature and the daily average ground temperature into a preset frozen soil index model so as to obtain a plurality of temperature-related frozen soil indexes, wherein the preset temperature model comprises a plurality of exponential function relations for computing temperature-related frozen soilindexes. The invention discloses the temperature-related frozen soil index determining method and the electronic equipment. The method and the equipment have the advantages of high accuracy, simple operation and the like. A convenient means is provided for calculating temperature-related frozen soil indexes, so that the invention plays an important role on the research of permafrost characteristics.

The invention discloses an anti-freezing expansion structural body of a roadbed in a seasonal frozen soil region and a pavement method of the structural body. The anti-freezing expansion structural body is characterized in that the anti-freezing expansion structural body comprises a perforated ventilation pipe, a chimney ventilation pipe, a hole-shaped ventilation plate, a heat insulation and cooling material, a roadbed construction and weather resistant paint. The pavement method comprises the steps of a double cloth isolation method, a chimney ventilation pipe method, a sun-proof and coolingbody method, a hole-shaped ventilation plate method and a coating method. The body is relatively simple and convenient in construction and higher in construction effect. Construction materials are low in cost, strong in weather resistance and long in service life. The body can be widely applied to newly constructed Sichuan-Tibet railway, permafrost railways and seasonal railways and highways, reduces the temperature of the roadbed comprehensively, prolongs a service life of the roadbed, and improves the stability of the roadbed and running safety of trains and automobiles.

The invention belongs to the field of asphalt concrete pavements and relates to a composite asphalt cooling pavement top layer and a construction method thereof. The construction method comprises following steps: S1, a thermal-resistant asphalt mixture is spread on the top layer of a pavement and then rolled; S2, after the thermal-resistant asphalt mixture rolled in S1 is cured, the upper surface of the thermal-resistant asphalt mixture is coated with a coating; S3, after the thermal-resistant asphalt mixture and the coating are cured, the composite asphalt cooling pavement top layer is formed. Pavement ruts, the urban heat island effect and permafrost subgrade defects can be overcome.

The invention discloses a compression refrigeration system for permafrost degradation prevention. The system relates to the technical field of permafrost degradation prevention. The system comprises arefrigeration unit, a temperature signal acquisition unit, a central control unit and a power supply unit. The input end of the refrigeration unit is connected to the output end of the central control unit so as to regulate the temperature of the permafrost. The temperature signal acquisition unit is connected to the input end of the central control unit, which is used for collecting the temperature signal of the permafrost, and sending the temperature signal to the central control unit. The central control unit controls the on and off of the refrigeration unit based on the temperature signalof the permafrost. The output end of the power supply unit is connected to the other input end of the central control unit, which is used for supplying power to the central control unit and the refrigeration unit. The system is compact in structure, covers small area, is powered by solar and wind energy, is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. A stable and reliable intelligent real-time regulation for the permafrost temperature is achieved. The seasonal factor restriction of the permafrost degradation prevention is overcome.

The invention relates to ultra-low temperature resistant calcium-based low-solid drilling fluid for drilling in permafrost or severe cold areas. The ultra-low temperature resistant calcium-based low-solid drilling fluid is composed of 100 parts of water, 10-30 parts of calcium chloride, 1-10 parts of multifunctional complexing agent, 0.5-2.0 parts of viscosity reducer, 0.1-1.0 parts of filtrate reducer, 1-5 parts of lubricant and 1-3 parts of antifoaming agent. The drilling fluid provided by the invention has good rheological property in an ultra-low temperature environment and quite good wall protection capability and carrying ability, thereby providing a technical support for drilling constructions in permafrost and severe cold areas in winter of our country.

The invention discloses a permafrost subgrade structure based on a hydrothermal phase change principle and a construction method thereof. The permafrost subgrade structure comprises a permafrost subgrade; a hard insulation board is arranged in the permafrost subgrade along the laying direction; a plurality of water gratings are arranged in the hard insulation board; and each water grating is filled with water. The method comprises the following steps: (1) laying a lower-layer permafrost subgrade; (2) prefabricating a hard insulation board; (3) laying the prefabricated hard insulation board above the lower-layer permafrost subgrade; and (4) laying an upper-layer permafrost subgrade above the hard insulation board. The active permafrost subgrade cooling method can maintain the thermal stability of permafrost subgrade for a long time.

The invention discloses a fluorine-containing polymer which serves as a transparent solid material in preparation of transparent permafrost. The fluorine-containing polymer is particles which have the particle sizes of 0.25 to 2.0 mm (or less than or equal to 0.074 mm); the particles are irregular shapes, are Teflon AF1600 produced by DuPont Company of America, and have the refractive index of 1.31 and the density of 2.1 to 2.3 g/cm<3>. The preparation method for the transparent permafrost comprises the following steps: preparing and mixing the fluorine-containing polymer particles, ice particles and colorless pore fluid; vacuumizing, (solidifying), and freezing. The physical properties and the mechanical properties of the prepared transparent permafrost can meet the simulated saturated frozen sand (or frozen clay); the transparent permafrost is high in transparency and low in cost, does not have toxicity and harm, has high similarity with the properties of a natural permafrost body, can widely replace the natural permafrost, and is used for simulating complex geological conditions, and is effectively used for a model test in geotechnical engineering.

The present invention provides a sensor node for safety monitoring of rail way frost soil subgrade and its working method, including an inter electric connecting sensor module, a processing communication module and an energy supplying module. The printed board of the first sensor module is set with multiple digital temperature sensors, a humiture sensor, for the distributed measurement of the permafrost temperature and the measurement of the air humiture on the surface of the frost soil, the printed board of the second sensor module is set with a triaxial acceleration transducer for measuring the rail vibrating acceleration; when starting the sensor node to process monitor, the first sensor module, the second sensor module of the sensor module measure the frost soil parameter to transmit to the processing communication module through the energy supplying module, after being primarily treated by the processing communication modle, transmitting directly by the processing communication module or indirectly by the sensor node to the monitor center, for subsequent analysis and treatment. The invention provides a new resolving path for the rail way frost soil subgrade.