1494results about How to "Improve immunity" patented technology

The present invention features PD-1 binding proteins, a subset of which inhibits binding of PD-L1 to the PD-1 receptor. These binding proteins can be employed to modulate the immune system through the manipulation of the PD-1 signaling pathway, enhancing host immunity to treat infections and cancer.

The invention provides a micro-ecological traditional Chinese medicine preparation for enhancing the immunity of livestock and poultry, and a preparation method thereof. The invention is characterized in that traditional Chinese medicines are combined with the modern microbial fermentation technology to develop a novel feed additive, i.e. traditional Chinese medicines such as astragalus root, eucommia, licorice, bupleurum and the like are directly fermented by two or more of sporeformer, microzyme, lactobacillus to obtain the product. The micro-ecological traditional Chinese medicine preparation provided by the invention has the efficacies of enhancing the body immunity of livestock and poultry, maintaining the gastrointestinal microbial flora balance of animals, preventing and treating alimentary and respiratory diseases of livestock and poultry, promoting healthy and quick growth of the animals, and improving the qualities of meat, egg and milk; the micro-ecological traditional Chinese medicine preparation has no toxic side effect, no pollution and no residue, can not generate drug resistance, and is suitable for use at each growth stage of the livestock and poultry; and the effect is stable and reliable and can meet the requirements of people for safety in production of livestock and poultry products. The micro-ecological traditional Chinese medicine preparation for enhancing the immunity of livestock and poultry can be increased in dose to be used as a veterinary medicine for application.

The invention relates to a beverage of fruits, plant perfume materials and edible flowers through combination match and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: taking the fruits, the plant perfume materials and the edible flowers as main materials; respectively preparing fruit juice through zymohydrolysis, plant perfume martial extracts and edible flower extracts through digestion, and then mixing; then adding bee honey or white sugar to adjust the sugar content; adding citric acid to adjust the degree of acidity; and preparing the beverage after sterilization, yeast inoculation and fermentation. On the basis of an aromatic dietary therapy health preserving theory, the fruits, the plant perfume materials and the edible flowers are taken as the main materials, and are rich in various natural nutritional ingredients; through the ingredients in the edible medicine of the materials, the beverage has health effects and medicinal values on promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, promoting qi to activate blood, nourishing and preserving health, improving immunity and the like; and through the unique match of the three main materials, the beverage has unique fragrance and mouth feel of being aroma, sweet after taste and the like.

The present invention relates generally to an implant for use in animals. More particularly, the present invention relates to an implant including a pharmaceutical agent and a biological agent for use in animals to promote growth, regulate metabolism and prevent illness or disease. A method for promoting growth and immunity in animal using an implant including a pharmaceutical agent and a biological agent. The implant is preferably administered to an animal subcutaneously.

The invention discloses a preparation method for edible fungus nutritional health-care functional drink. The method comprises the following steps of: performing deep fermentation cultivation on special edible fungus strains in a fermentation tank to obtain fermentation liquor and mycelium; directly crushing the fermentation liquor and mycelium mechanically and performing homogenate without performing hot-water lixiviating or enzymolysis treatment to obtain drink raw stock; and blending the raw stock and purified water in a certain ratio, and adding an appropriate amount of flavoring agent, stabilizing agent and the like, and sterilizing and packaging to obtain a finished product. The editable fungus drink which is prepared by the method contains the nutrient substances such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, vitamin, and amino acid and trace elements which are essential in a human body and the like, and simultaneously contains edible fungus polysaccharide, terpenoids, total phenol, alkaloid, flavonoid and other physiological activator and has the health-care function of improving immunity of a human body, and resisting tumors, oxidation and aging and the like. The drink hasoriginal taste, sour and sweet taste, milk taste, fruit taste and the like according to the requirements of different crowds.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medice healthy liquid. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing 73 materials of ginseng, atractylodes macrocephaia, poria, and the like into a stock solution; then adding 8 materials of ginseng, cortex encomia, astragalus root, and the like to water for decoction, wherein the 8 materials and the water are in a weight ratio of 1:25; decocting until the weight ratio of the raw materials to the water is 1:20 to obtain an auxiliary solution; proportioning the stock solution and the auxiliary solution in a weight part ratio of 1:4 and adding a proper amount of auxiliary materials; and mixing and standing for 6 months to obtain the healthy liquid. The healthy liquid can improve the immunological competence of human bodies after being taken, release fatigue, smooth the kidneys and activate the blood circulation. Moreover, the healthy liquid has simple preparation process and is easy for industrialization production.

The invention relates to a pig feed which comprises the following components by weight: 25 to 35% of corn, 15 to 25% of extruded corn, 4 to 8% of extruded soybean, 2 to 5% of fish meal, 6 to 10% of dehulled soybean meal, 5 to 15% of fermented soybean meal, 2 to 15% of whey powder, 1 to 5% of glucose, 2 to 7% of cheese protein, 1.5 to 3.5% of soybean oil, 0.5 to 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 to 2% of calcium formate, 0.2 to 0.8% of lysine, 0.1 to 0.5% of methionine, 0.1 to 0.5% of threonine, 0.3 to 0.5% of composite trace elements, 0.1 to 0.3% of composite vitamin, 0.2 to 0.5% of plasma protein powder, 0.5 to 2% of clerodendroa cyrtophyllum, 1 to 2.5% of isatis root, 0.5 to 2% of monosodium glutamate, 0.1 to 1% of disodium 5'-inosinate, 0.5 to 1% of disodium 5'-guanylate and 0.1 to 0.3% of the sanguinarine. The pig feed provided in the invention can significantly improve the immunity of piglets, boosts piglets' appetite and reduces mortality of piglets.

The invention discloses a mushroom dried bean curd preparation method, which is prepared by using the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000-1200 parts of soybean, 10-12 parts of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, 10-12 parts of Brasenia schreberi, 30-40 parts of mushrooms, 10-15 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 10-12 parts of Equisetum hiemale, 10-12 parts of Petasites tatewakianus Kitam, 10-12 parts of angelica roots, 10-12 parts of cresses, 10-12 parts of pumpkin flowers, 5-8 parts of Potentilla chinensis, 20-30 parts of hot peppers, 5-8 parts of pitaya flowers, 10-12 of green tea, 10-12 parts of white fungi, 10-12 parts of o red tangerine peels and 10-12 parts of Chinese chives. Since various wild vegetables and medicine-food homologous traditional Chinese medicine healthcare components are added into dried bean curd raw materials and the mushrooms have an effect of improving immunity, can prevent and resist cancers and are beneficial to health, the mushroom dried bean curd does not have a side effect when the mushroom dried bean curd is eaten for a long term. Besides, since a multiple-time grinding process is adopted, bean dregs are reduced, dietary fibers in the bean dregs are added into soymilk, the gastrointestinal motility of human bodies is improved and the defecation is facilitated; and since brine contains various traditional spices and also contains components such as American ginseng, the human body immunity is improved and the life is prolonged.

The invention discloses a sow feed and a breeding mode. The sow feed includes a pregnant sow feed and a lactating sow feed. By adoption of the feed, the immunity of sows can be effectively improved, the birth process and the estrus time are shortened, meanwhile, the weight of piglets can be increased, the possibility of yellow-white dysentery of piglets is reduced, and the survival rate of piglets is high. The breeding mode comprises the following steps: (1) five bags of pregnant sow feed are fed to a sow from the first day of the pregnancy to the 94th day of the pregnancy, wherein the specification of the feed is 40kg each bag; (2) five bags of lactating sow feed are fed to the sow from the 95th day of the pregnancy to the next mating, wherein the specification of the feed is 40kg each bag; (3) three bottles of injection liquid are injected to the sow during the delivery process for midwifery and healthcare. The mode is scientific, reasonable, healthy and efficient, not only is the feed used reasonably, but also the sow healthcare is helped, and furthermore, the immunity of the sow is improved.

The invention discloses a healthcare food capable of strengthening immunity. The healthcare food comprises, by weight percentage, 1% to 50% of soybean peptide, 0.5% to 30% of protein powder, 1% to 30% of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.1% to 30% of coix seed powder, 0.1% to 10% of spirulina and 15% to 85% of auxiliary materials. According to the healthcare food, materials which are nutritious and effective are selected to be subjected to scientific formulating prescription, nutrition, safety, palatability and efficacy are taken as principles, and effects of strengthening cell immune function and humoral immune function are achieved, thereby immunity strengthening is achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ginkgo leaf biological feed additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: with the ginkgo leaf as a main solid state fermentation substrate and probiotic bacillus as a strain, performing solid state fermentation under suitable nutrient conditions and culture conditions; and drying and crushing to obtain the biological feed additive. The biological feed additive contains a variety of bioactive substances such as flavonoid compounds and terpene lactone and can improve the immunity and the antioxidant capacity of an animal body; through biological fermentation, the probiotic bacilli are rich in the biological feed additive, so that the biological feed additive can adjust the intestinal flora balance of the animal, improve the intestinal microecological environment, promote the animal growth, reduce the intestinal diseases of the animal, and improve the disease resistance of the animal body; and the biological feed additive can significantly improve the productivity of livestock and poultry, and can substitute or partially substitute antibiotics, thus providing a health guarantee for consumption and use of livestock and poultry food.

The invention provides selenium-enriched konjac rice and a processing method thereof. The selenium-enriched konjac rice is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-60% of selenium-enriched konjac, 10-30% of rice powder and 20-30% of mung bean powder, wherein the selenium-enriched konjac is selenium-enriched konjac powder or selenium-enriched konjac glucomannan or a mixture of the selenium-enriched konjac powder and the selenium-enriched konjac glucomannan. The production method comprises the steps of mixing the selenium-enriched konjac, the rice powder and the mung bean powder, adding water, stirring the mixture to ensure the moisture content of the mixture to reach 40-45%, extruding the mixture into strips in a screw extruder, granulating, polishing and drying in a fluidized bed until the safe moisture content is 2% and packaging, thus obtaining the selenium-enriched konjac rice. The selenium-enriched konjac rice and the processing method thereof have the following beneficial effects: the selenium-enriched konjac is adopted as the main material and the mung bean is adopted as the auxiliary material to produce the selenium-enriched konjac rice product, so that the product not only has the functions of lowering blood sugar level and blood lipid, resisting tumors, improving immunities, clearing heat and eliminating toxic materials, but also does not have offensive odor or harsh taste of the konjac and has good taste.

An LED has a light-generating semiconductor region formed on a baseplate via an electroconductive reflector layer. The light-generating semiconductor region has an active layer sandwiched between a pair of claddings of opposite conductivity types for generating light. For good ohmic contact with the light-generating semiconductor region without any substantive diminution of reflectivity compared to that of unalloyed silver, the reflector layer is made from a silver-base alloy containing a major proportion of silver and at least either one of copper, gold, palladium, neodymium, silicon, iridium, nickel, tungsten, zinc, gallium, titanium, magnesium, yttrium, indium, and tin.

The invention discloses a piglet feed complex enzyme preparation and a production method and application thereof. The complex enzyme preparation comprises the following enzyme activity components: 80-100U/g of glucose oxidase, 20-25U/g of alpha-galactosidase, 3000-4000U/g of xylanase, 500-600U/g of beta-dextranase, 500-600U/g of beta-mannase, 2000-3000U/g of acid proteinase, 800-1000U/g of neutral protease, 800-1000U/g of medium-temperature alpha-amylase, 400-500U/g of fungus alpha-amylase and 3000-4000U/g of glucamylase. According to the complex enzyme preparation, a mixture of corn starch, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate and calcium sulfate serves as a diluent. The using method of the complex enzyme preparation comprises the step of adding 500-750g of complex enzyme preparation into every ton of piglet complete formula feed.

The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medicament pigeon feed, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 37 to 46 percent of corn, 18 to 27 percent of pea, 7 to 11 percent of bean cake, 2 to 4 percent of fish meal, 1 to 5 percent of fructus cannabis, 8 to 12 percent of laterite, 3 to 5 percent of bentonite, 9 to 13 percent of yellow sand, 2 to 4 percent of common salt, 0.5 to 1 percent of binding agent, and 2.4 to 3.2 percent of Chinese herbal medicament mixture containing pilose asiabell root. The Chinese herbal medicament mixture containing the pilose asiabell root is prepared by mixing the pilose asiabell root, astragalus, gentian, liquorice root, common andrographis herb and plantain herb according to the weight ratio of 3:2:1:1:0.5:0.5. For further improvements, the feed also comprises 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Chinese caterpillar fungus and 0.5 to 0.8 percent of lucid ganoderma. The Chinese herbal medicament pigeon feed has the characteristics of good palatability, comprehensive nutrition, obvious health-care and disease prevention functions and low cost.

The invention discloses a multi-strain fermentation composite suckling pig granulated feed and a production method thereof. The multi-strain fermentation composite suckling pig granulated feed consists of 95 percent of corn and cured materials of pulverized mixed materials of soybean meal and cottonseed meal, 5 percent of multi-strain fermentation materials and a proper amount of feed additives. The production method comprises the following steps of: mixing the cured materials and the fermentation materials; adding a proper amount of additives such as fish meal, babymeal and the like; and preparing granules with 2.5-mm diameter by using a granulator. The multi-strain fermentation composite suckling pig granulated feed comprises a lot of probiotics, so the effects of improving immunity of sucking pigs, improving stomach function, promoting nutrient absorption, resisting diseases and preventing diseases are remarkable; and the multi-strain fermentation composite suckling pig granulated feed is suitable for the ingestion and physical growth characteristics of the sucking pigs, so palatability and weight-increasing speed are high, and no weaning stress exists. By the method, the problem that the conventional microorganism fermentation feed cannot be granulated is solved; the activities of beneficial bacterial groups in the finished products are retained completely; the process is simple; and the feed is easy to produce.

Disclosed are functional health maca drink and a production method thereof. The functional health maca drink comprises, by weight, 1-5 parts of maca extract, 1-3 parts of asparagus extract, 3-6 parts of vitamin complex and mineral substances, 0.5-1 part of condiment, 2-4 parts of complex amino acid, and 81-92.5 parts of water. The functional health maca drink has the effects of relieving fatigue,resisting pressure, resisting radiation, enhancing immunity enhancement, enhancing sexual function, adjusting endocrine to improve sleep, lowering lipid, delaying senility, and the like. Bioavailability of functional maca components of the functional maca extract is improved, and accordingly the functional health maca drink has broad application prospect in terms of preventing and improving sub-health.

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture feed for aquatic animals, in particular to a nutrient and green feed capable of enhancing immune function of mud crabs and a preparation method thereof. The nutrient compound feed for mud crabs of the invention is characterized by the addition of shrimp shell powder, squid paste and betaine as an attractant, and sodium dehydroacetate and an antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole as a preservative, as well as the addition of an immune enhancer and a compound enzyme agent, thus being capable of increasing survival rate and weight gain rate of mud crabs, improving feed utilization, and reducing environmental pollution caused by excreta of mud crabs and residual feed. The nutrient and green feed of the invention provides excellent feed assurance for mass production of mud crabs and can be used in aquacultural production of mud crabs.

The invention discloses a preparation method of millet rice flour for infant which belongs to the preparation technology field of infant food. The millet and other rice are mixed according to the weight portion, rinsed, cooked, ground, filtered and homogenized and dried to obtain the millet rice flour. Or filtrate is obtained after raw beating, gelatinization and filtration, and the filtrate is mixed with the ingredients of vegetable oil, soy protein isolate, sugar and skim milk powder, and homogenized and dried to obtain the millet rice flour. Comparing with the existing rice flour for infant, the invention has more balanced and rich nutrient, especially high minerals contents and is more suitable to the physical development of infant. The invention has the advantages of simple, stable and reliable process, providing a fire-new method for the deep processing of the millet and having the wide prospects of industrial applications.

The invention relates to baby milk powder comprising lactadherin and a preparation method thereof. The baby milk powder comprising the lactadherin comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40 to 50 percent of demineralized whey powder, 20 to 30 percent of mixed vegetable oil, 12 to 21 percent of skim milk powder, 2 to 12 percent of lactose, 1 to 2 percent of mineral premix, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of water soluble vitamin premix, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of DHA powder, 0.4 to 1.2 percent of ARA powder, 0.4 to 1.0 percent of lecithin, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of liposoluble vitamin premix, 0.05 to 1 percent of fructooligosaccharide, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of lactadherin and 0.01 to 0.05 percent of nucleotide. The product of the invention has the advantages of excellent organoleptic quality, safer eating, simple production process and low loss of nutritional ingredients in the production process. The baby milk powder of the invention can improve immunity of babies, reduce infantile diarrhea caused by rotavirus, be helpful for retinal development of babies and increase memory power of babies.

The invention discloses a herb tea lozenge and its preparing process, wherein the raw materials include sterculia seed 20-40 part, scaly holly root 20-40 parts, selfheal 20-40 parts, mulberry leaf 10-20 parts, cordate houttuynia 10-20 parts, Chinese olive 10-20 part, chrysanthemum flower 10-20 parts, honeysuckle flower 10-25 parts, licorice root 10-20 parts, root of balloonflower 5-15 parts, peppermint 1-10 parts, cane sugar 50-90 parts, starch gum 5-25 parts, and magnesium stearate 0.01-0.25 part.

The invention relates to a gruel which is prepared from the following raw materials (by weight portion): highland barley 15-40%, matrimony vine 2-6%, peanut 4-15%, white fungus 2-6%, dried lily 2-6%, longan pulp 2-6% , white sugar 5-15%, ginseng fruit 3-8%, bee honey 2-6%, Chinese caterpillar fungus powder 0.00002-0.0002%, and balancing pure water.

The invention discloses a broad-spectrum vibrio subunit vaccine for preventing fish pathogenic vibrio infection and a preparation method, belonging to the technical field of biology. The fusion protein OmpK-FlaA of an outer membrane protein OmpK with a conserved structure and a flagellin protein FlaA on the vibrio parahaemolyticus surface serves as an antigen component of the vaccine. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: superposing and extending Ppolymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the ompK and flaA genes of the vibrio parahaemolyticus to obtain a fusion protein gene flaA-ompK; constructing flaA-ompK-pET-28a recombinant plasmids; and obtaining the fusion FlaA-OmpK with high purity through exogenous induction expression and purification. The vaccine prepared bythe invention is safe and nontoxic and has no side effects; injection immune can be adopted; and the immune can also be realized by taking enteric microsphere vaccine orally; cross immunity protection can be acted to fish pathogenic vibrio (vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus, vibro harveyi, vibrio anguillarum and vibrio vulnificus).

The invention discloses a feed addictive with its preparing technology and application in producing feedstuff on anti- bird's flu. By means of inoculating medicinal fungus into all character base material comprised of drug character base material and nutritional base material, adjusting fermentation conditions, it will gain the feed addictive collecting drug character fungus after fermentation spanning some time. This feed addictive can enhance animals' immunity and used to produce feedstuff on anti- bird's flu. The equipment has simple technique, low coat and be green and environmental protection.

The invention relates to a production method of a cloudy Dendrobium officinale functional drink, and belongs to technical field of drink productions. The production method comprises the following steps of breaking and juicing Dendrobium candidum protocorms, and mixing with tremella pulps, according to the ratio of 30%-50% of Dendrobium candidum protocorm juices and 2%-4% of the tremella pulps, blending with proper amounts of crystal sugars, citric acids, stabilizers and water, and obtaining a nutritious and functional cloudy drink with great look and taste through the processes of blending, homogenizing, filling and sterilizing. The drink contains the Dendrobium officinale which is capable of nourishing stomach to improve the production of body fluid, boosting qi and nourishing yin, improving immune capability and being anti-aging and the tremella which is capable of enriching essence and invigorating the kidney, nourishing yin and moistening lung and prolonging life, is suitable for the consumption demand that people pursue green, nature and health, and is a drink which can be drunk in four seasons for the young and the old.

Disclosed is a Chinese medicinal composition for increasing hen laying rate and preparation method, wherein the composition include the following constituents (by weight ratio): epimedium 1-8 parts, Chinese angelica root 1-6 parts, astragalus root 1-9 parts, pilose asiabell root 1-6 parts, poria cocos wolf 1-6 parts, white atractylodes rhizome 1-6 parts, haw 1-8 parts, medicated leaven 1-6 parts, malt 1-6 parts and licorice 1-6 parts.

The invention provides a water sprinkling anti-stress agent for aquaculture, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The invention solves the problem that culture efficiency and production benefits can not be improved because of the stress responses generated by cultured objects during current aquaculture process. The water sprinkling anti-stress agent for aquaculture is prepared by well mixing the following components at normal temperature on a weight basis: 72-85 parts of glucose; 0.5-4 parts of sulfur-containing amino acids; 5-18 parts of vitamins; 0.5-2.5 parts of chlorogenic acid; 0.5-2.5 parts of baicalin; and 2-6 parts of citric acid. The anti-stress agent can rapidly recover the normal physiological functions and the immunologic functions of aquaculture animals, improve the antioxidation and the high-temperature resistant capability of aquaculture animals, and increase the survival rate and the disease resistant rate of aquaculture animals.

The invention discloses a method for preparing honey vinegar-egg health care solution. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1, soaking eggs, namely soaking the eggs in vinegar and sealing for 3 to 5 days, wherein 200mg of vinegar is added into each egg; 2, preparing vinegar-egg solution, namely poking egg shells of the soft soaked eggs to make egg white and egg yolk flow into vinegar fluid, sufficiently uniformly stirring the egg shells, the egg white, the egg yolk and the vinegar fluid and sealing the mixture for 3 to 5 days to obtain the vinegar-egg solution; 3, preparing honey solution, namely mixing 1,500 grams of fresh honey, 500 grams of bee pollen and 500 grams of pure royal jelly and sufficiently uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the honey solution; and 4, preparing the health care solution, namely uniformly mixing 30 grams of vinegar-egg solution, 30 grams of honey solution and 500 grams of warm boiled water to obtain the honey vinegar-egg health care solution. The honey vinegar-egg health care solution has the advantages of natural raw materials, convenient preparation and low price, can obviously improve human immunity and strengthen physical fitness and is suitable for weak people.

The invention relates to the technical field of a premixed feed for livestocks and particularly discloses a compound premixed feed for breeding pigs and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises various vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin C, folic acid, biotin, L-carnitine, beta-renieratene, trace elements, beneficial bacteria and the like closely related to the reproductive performance, trace elements and active ingredients. Due to the adoption of the compound premixed feed for the breeding pigs, the parturition performance of boar and sows is promoted comprehensively, the sperm activity, the fertilization rate, the embryo survival rate, the sow constipation are improved, the laying number, the litter size and the weight of weaning litter are improved, the sow postpartum uterine diseases are reduced, and the utilization age limits of sows are prolonged.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating primary lung cancer, which is characterized by comprising the following Chinese herbs as main components: 30g of radix astragali, 12g of raw rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 30g of root of straight ladybell, 12g of asparagus, 30g of selaginella doederlleini, 30g of salvia chinensis, 30g of herba oldenlandiae, 15g of honeysuckle, 15g of subprostrate sophora, 15g of selfheal, 15g of varech, 12g of oarweed, 30g of arisaema cum bile, 15g of trichosanthes bark, 30g of raw oyster, and the like. A preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following steps: putting the Chinese herbs into a container, dipping the Chinese herbs into water, frying the Chinese herbs with slow fire for 20min, and taking out 200ml of decoction. One dose of the decoction is taken after breakfast and dinner every day, and ten dosages are taken as one period of treatment. The prescription is prepared from pure Chinese herbs by a traditional preparation method, reserves the medical property, has the efficacy of nourishing Yin and moisturizing the lung, clearing away heat and toxic material, flexibly and rigidly resolving phlegm and enhancing the immunizing power, achieves the aim of treatment and has no side effect.