669 results about "Seismic trace" patented technology

An improved method for analyzing seismic data to obtain elastic attributes is disclosed. In one embodiment, a reflectivity series is determined for at least one seismic trace of seismic data obtained for a subterranean formation, where the reflectivity series includes anisotropy properties of a formation. One or more synthetic seismic traces are obtained by convolving the reflectivity series with a source wavelet. The one or more synthetic seismic traces are inverted to obtain elastic parameters estimates. According to one aspect, the data inputs are angle-azimuth stacks. According to another aspect, the data inputs are azimuthal Fourier coefficients, u_n, v_n.

A method for identifying features in the Earth's subsurface below a body of water using transient controlled source electromagnetic measurements includes acquiring a plurality of transient controlled source electromagnetic measurements. Each measurement represents a different value of an acquisition parameter. Each measurement is indexed with respect to a time at which an electric measuring current source is switched. The plurality of measurements is processed in a seismic trace display format, in which each trace corresponds to the measurement acquired for a value of the acquisition parameter. A subsurface feature is identified from the processed measurements.

The invention relates to a method for eliminating linear regular noise of seismic prospecting and multiple wave disturbance in a self-adapting mode, aiming to provide seismic figures with high resolution for the exploration of oil fields. The method comprises the following steps: transforming seismic data sets in a field according to regular disturbance linear event virtual inclination; subtracting a seismic trace and a noise model trace to obtain a current signal value; determining the receiving probability of the noise by utilizing a probability density function and a threshold value; subtracting the separated noise from an original record to eliminate a regular interference wave; carrying out linear inverse transform on the seismic data to obtain a data set; carrying out linear inverse transform on the record with the regular interference wave being eliminated to obtain a seismic record; and carrying out separate frequency processing and noise suppressing processing. The invention dose not damage the frequency components of effective waves and has the advantages of fast operation speed, good effect for suppressing noise, suitability for pre-stack seismic data and post-stack seismic data, and the like.

A method, a map and an article of manufacture for the exploration of hydrocarbons. In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of: accessing 3D seismic data; dividing the data into an array of relatively small three-dimensional cells; determining in each cell the semblance/similarity, the dip and dip azimuth of the seismic traces contained therein; and displaying dip, dip azimuth and the semblance/similarity of each cell in the form a two-dimensional map. In one embodiment, semblance/similarity is a function of time, the number of seismic traces within the cell, and the apparent dip and apparent dip azimuth of the traces within the cell; the semblance/similarity of a cell is determined by making a plurality of measurements of the semblance/similarity of the traces within the cell and selecting the largest of the measurements. In addition, the apparent dip and apparent dip azimuth, corresponding to the largest measurement of semblance/similarity in the cell, are deemed to be estimates of the true dip and true dip azimuth of the traces therein. A color map, characterized by hue, saturation and lightness, is used to depict semblance/similarity, true dip azimuth and true dip of each cell; true dip azimuth is mapped onto the hue scale, true dip is mapped onto the saturation scale, and the largest measurement of semblance/similarity is mapped onto the lightness scale of the color map.

A prestack migration method allowing imaging of an underground zone, for a given velocity model of arbitrary complexity. By means of conventional wave propagation and retropropagation modelling tools, the method allows to obtain elementary migrated images associated with the values assumed by a parameter and the sum of the images obtained for the different values of the parameter (post-migration stacking), in the depth domain as well as in the time domain. This migration is obtained at an attractive price (calculation cost) because it is independent of the volume of the results calculated and of the number of seismic traces recorded. Only the volume of the zone in which the waves are propagated, the complexity of the events to be imaged and the desired accuracy have an effect on the calculation cost. Volume images are thus obtained by taking account of all the seismic traces. It is thus possible to implement a plane wave migration procedure in cases where acquisition does not allow synthesis of the subsurface response to a plane wave excitation, a response required from the outset in conventional plane wave migration algorithms. The method can be applied for imaging of geologic interfaces or heterogeneities of a part of an underground zone.

Method for generating an excitation signal for a first vibratory seismic source so that the first vibratory seismic source is driven with no listening time. The method includes a step of determining a first target spectrum for the first vibratory seismic source; a step of setting a first group of constraints for the first vibratory seismic source; and a step of generating a first excitation signal for the first vibratory seismic source based on the first group of constraints and the first target spectrum. The first seismic traces recorded with plural receivers can be identified when the first vibratory seismic source is driven with no listening time, based on the first excitation signal.

The invention provides a model constraint based impedance inversion method and a model constraint based impedance inversion system. The model constraint based impedance inversion method includes: acquiring log data, seismic data and acquisition matrixes of a current stratum; extracting seismic interpretation data from the seismic data; building an initial impedance model according to the log data and the seismic interpretation data; estimating seismic wavelets according to the log data and the seismic data; confirming objective function according to relationship between acoustic wave impedance and reflectance and sampling relationship when seismic traces are missing; confirming impedance sections or impedance objects of the current stratum according to the initial impedance model, estimated seismic wavelets and the objective function; and comprehensively interpreting the impedance sections and the impedance objects to acquire reservoir prediction results of the current stratum. Through model regularization, seismic data interpolation and seismic wave impedance inversion are combined organically, so that the seismic data interpolation and the seismic wave impedance inversion can be realized simultaneously.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods of hydrocarbon detection based on wavelet energy absorption analysis. One disclosed hydrocarbon detection method embodiment comprises: a) obtaining seismic trace data for a region of interest; and b) processing the seismic trace data to determine at least one wavelet energy absorption factor as a function of position within the region of interest. Another disclosed hydrocarbon detection method embodiment comprises: a) receiving from a user an indication of a region of interest in a seismic data set; and b) generating a display of wavelet energy absorption anomalies within the region of interest. One of the disclosed system embodiments comprises a memory and a processor. In this system embodiment, the memory stores hydrocarbon detection software that, when executed by the processor, configures the processor to determine at least one wavelet energy absorption factor from seismic trace data.

The invention provides a crack detection method based on prestack coherence, which belongs to the field of oil-gas field exploration. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, processing actual prestack seismic data to obtain a prestack seismic trace gather subjected to dynamic correction; secondly, stacking separated directions and separated offset distances through utilizing the prestack direction common midpoint seismic trace gather, and obtaining separated directions and separated offset distances stacking trace gather; and carrying out covariance matrix-based coherency cube calculation on the separated directions and separated offset distances stacking trace gather obtained through stacking to obtain a crack coherency cube, carrying out crack parameter inversion calculation on the obtained crack coherency cube, and further obtaining a final crack development direction and development strength. According to the crack detection method based on prestack coherence, a coherence algorithm is introduced in the prestack seismic trace gather for the first time, and a method for recognizing faultage in a stratum with the thickness being smaller than a seismic wavelength is provided, so that the breakage or the crack in three-dimensional seismic data can be more distinct, clear and visual.

The invention discloses a method for quantificationally predicting sandstone reservoir fluid saturation by combining a well and seism in geophysical prospecting for petroleum. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring and processing seismic data and log data to obtain each parameter curve; respectively determining the relationships among the shale content, the porosity and an elastic parameter of the well; establishing prediction models of the shale content and the porosity; calculating a pore volume modulus and a dry rock volume modulus to establish a modulus prediction model; establishing an effective reservoir water saturation prediction model; performing prestack seismic inversion by utilizing prestack seismic trace gathers and the log data to obtain an inversion data volume of each elastic parameter; calculating the dry rock volume modulus to solve the pore volume modulus by the obtained elastic inversion volume; and solving the water saturation by using the pore volume modulus. In the method, prestack seismic data and the log data are fully utilized for quantificationally predicting reservoir saturation; and good geological effects on predicting oil and gas saturation are achieved.

A method of identifying passive seismic events in seismic data that contains at least first seismic data traces acquired at a first seismic receiver and second seismic data traces acquired at a second receiver spatially separated from the first receiver comprises determining an overall measure of similarity for a pair of events in the seismic traces. The overall measure of similarity is indicative of similarity between the events acquired at the first seismic receiver and of similarity between the events acquired at the second seismic receiver. In one method, the overall measure of similarity is an overall cross-correlation coefficient. The overall cross-correlation coefficient is found by determining a first correlation coefficient for the pair of events from the data acquired at the first receiver and determining a second correlation coefficient for the pair of events from the data acquired at the second receiver. The overall correlation coefficient for the pair of events may be obtained from the first correlation coefficient and the second correlation coefficient by an averaging process. The overall measure of similarity may be compared with a threshold to determine whether the pair of events form a doublet. The method makes possible real-time or near-real-time identification of doublets.

A computer-implemented method for processing a seismic trace of a subterranean region comprising: (a) deriving a seismic wavelet for a time-window of seismic trace; (b) generating a model for the subterranean region corresponding to that time-window comprising a plurality of seismic reflectors by comparing the seismic wavelet with the time-window of the seismic trace to identify locations for the seismic reflectors, wherein the locations of the seismic reflectors are subject to a separation constraint requiring neighboring seismic reflectors to be separated by at least a minimum separation threshold which is greater than a separation corresponding to a sampling interval for the seismic trace; (c) defining a model seismic wavelet having a model seismic wavelet amplitude spectrum with a frequency bandwidth which is greater than that of the seismic wavelet amplitude spectrum determined for the time-window of the seismic trace; and (d) generating a model of the time-window of the seismic trace for the subterranean region based on the plurality of seismic reflectors of the model for the subterranean region corresponding to that time window and the model seismic wavelet.

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a time-frequency decomposition earthquake-fluid recognition method which includes establishing a time-frequency atom dictionary D according to Morlet wavelet function m(t)=exp[-betaXf2(t-tau)2]exp[i(2pif(t-tau)+phi)], and acquiring an initial matching atom of the Morlet wavelet function through calculation with a seismic trace and complex seismic trace method; performing matching decomposition on the seismic trace, performing iterative optimization with constraints of the time-frequency atom dictionary D in the neighborhood of the initial matching atom to acquire an optimal matching atom, stopping matching decomposition when preset conditions are achieved, and representing the initial seismic trace as a series of linear combinations of Morlet wavelet atoms; transforming the optimal matching Morlet atom into the time-frequency domain so as to acquire a time-frequency spectrum distribution of the initial seismic trace; extracting directly properties of earthquake fluid activity on a target stratum section on the time-frequency spectrum of earthquake materials; and predicting distribution range and space distribution of gas deposit according to the properties of the fluid activity. By the method, the distribution range and the space distribution of the gas deposit can be accurately predicted, so that a technical support is provided for favorable target optimization of natural gas exploration.

Computer-implemented method for determining optimal sampling grid during seismic data reconstruction includes: a) constructing an optimization model, via a computing processor, given by min_u∥Su∥₁ s.t. ∥Ru−b∥₂≦σ wherein S is a discrete transform matrix, b is seismic data on an observed grid, u is seismic data on a reconstruction grid, and matrix R is a sampling operator; b) defining mutual coherence as

wherein C is a constant, S is a cardinality of Su, m is proportional to number of seismic traces on the observed grid, and n is proportional to number of seismic traces on the reconstruction grid; c) deriving a mutual coherence proxy, wherein the mutual coherence proxy is a proxy for mutual coherence when S is over-complete and wherein the mutual coherence proxy is exactly the mutual coherence when S is a Fourier transform; and d) determining a sample grid r_*=arg min_r μ(r).

The method processes input including, for each of a plurality of shots at respective source locations, seismic traces recorded at a plurality of receiver locations. Offset-modulated data are also computed by multiplying the seismic data in each seismic trace by a horizontal offset between the source and receiver locations for said seismic trace. A depth migration process is applied to the seismic data to obtain a first set of migrated data, and to the offset-modulated data to obtain a second set of migrated data. For each shot, offset values are estimated and associated with respective subsurface positions, by a division process applied to the first and second sets of migrated data.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for arriving at true relative amplitude destretched seismic traces from stretched seismic traces. The method compensates for offset varying reflection interference effects due to normal moveout. Stretch factors β and also input spectra are determined for NMOR stretched seismic traces. Estimates are then made of stretched wavelet spectra from the input spectra. A destretched wavelet spectra is then obtained. Shaping correction factors are determined by taking the ratio of the destretched wavelet spectra to the stretched wavelet spectra and are applied to the input spectra of the stretched traces to arrive at a destretched trace spectra. True relative amplitude scaling factors are computed by taking the ratio of a true relative amplitude property of the destretched wavelet spectra to a corresponding true relative amplitude property of the stretched wavelet spectra. Finally, the true relative amplitude scaling factors are applied to the destretched trace spectra to arrive at true relative amplitude destretched seismic traces.

Methods and apparatus for removing noise from signal traces collected during a seismic gather, particularly removing the aliased energy in the time-slowness (tau-P) domain so that aliasing noise does not lead to high noise levels in the inverse transformed data are provided. Removal of the aliasing noise may provide for quieter seismic traces and may increase the likelihood for successful three-dimensional (3-D) tau-P interpolation and detection of seismic events.

The invention belongs to the field of exploration geophysics, and particularly relates to a carbonatite oil and gas reservoir crack earthquake detection method. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out amplitude versus offset and azimuth angle analysis, speed versus offset and azimuth angle analysis, frequency versus offset and azimuth angle analysis respectively based on pre-stack seismic azimuth angle dataset, further carrying out ellipse fitting respectively to obtain a crack development azimuth angle, and predicting a crack development azimuth through a seismic attribute comprehensive analysis way; carrying out quality factor parameter extraction, anisotropic parameter inversion and non-hyperbolic moveout velocity analysis respectively based on pre-stack seismic trace dataset and shear wave velocity data, and predicting a reservoir crack development region by comprehensively utilizing the parameters above through a seismic attribute comprehensive analysis way. The carbonatite oil and gas reservoir crack earthquake detection method can give more comprehensive consideration to the geology of the reservoir and the physic characteristics of the globe, and the estimated crack azimuth and the predicted crack development region are more exact.

A system, method and computer-readable medium for acquiring seismic data, which includes activating a seismic source at a surface location; defining a seismic trace of a seismic wave received at a downhole location on a bottomhole assembly in a borehole in response to the activation of the seismic source; compressing the seismic trace; and recording the compressed seismic trace to a storage medium.

Device, medium and method for de-blending seismic data. The method for de-blending seismic data associated with a subsurface of the earth includes receiving initial seismic traces recorded by plural sources; de-blending, in a processor, the initial seismic traces to generate de-blended seismic traces; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the de-blended seismic traces. The initial seismic traces include uncontaminated portions corresponding to time intervals substantially free from cross-talk from other sources, and the uncontaminated portions are used to remove cross-talk noise on other initial seismic traces.

The invention provides a reservoir wave impedance prediction method based on dipole wave, which comprises the following steps that: logging data is analyzed to acquire the corresponding parameter data of the seismic response characteristics of a reservoir; well seismic calibration is carried out according to the logging and seismic data so as to extract wavelets and determine the time-depth relationship; the seismic response characteristic wave function of impedance changes is constructed according to the parameter data, the wavelets and the time-depth relationship; the way integral characteristics of the logging data are extracted according to the seismic response characteristic wave function to form a seismic response model database; the seismic data beside a well is analyzed according to the seismic response model database to work out an impedance interpretation spectrum of the seismic data beside the well; a seismic trace is analyzed according to the seismic response model database to work out a data body wave impedance spectrum; and the wave impedance is predicted according to the seismic response model database, the impedance interpretation spectrum and the data body wave impedance spectrum. According to the reservoir wave impedance prediction method based on the dipole wave, the wave impedance of the reservoir is predicted through the seismic characteristics and wave impedance change rules based on the analysis to the logging data, so that the precision in predicting the wave impedance of the reservoir and the resolution to thin reservoirs are improved.

The invention provides a method for improving a seismic data resolution ratio for well control. The method for improving the seismic data resolution ratio for well control comprises the steps of calculating reflection coefficients at all well positions; calculating deconvolution operators at all well positions according to reflection coefficients at all well positions; conducting reverse distance weighted three-dimensional spatial interpolation on all deconvolution operators to obtain deconvolution operators of all seismic traces in a three-dimensional space; and conducting convolution processing on original seismic trace data according to deconvolution operators of all seismic traces, and obtaining three-dimensional data volumes through phase correction and trace equalization. The method for improving the seismic data resolution ratio for well control solves the problems that seismic data in the prior art are low in resolution ratio and high in limitation of application range, and the method has the advantages that a plurality of weakened horizon information is strengthened, information of structures such as faults is clear and the superimposing relationship of horizons is clear and accurate.

An embodiment of the invention provides a geologic horizon automatic tracking method and device. The method comprises the steps that a target horizon seed point is preset on seismic data; the target horizon seed point is taken as a current seed point, and geologic horizon automatic tracking is performed in the following manner: a seed point is determined to be a prediction seed point in the geologic horizon automatic tracking direction in a search range on a seismic trace set adjacent to the current seed point, and seismic wave group information of the prediction seed point is extracted; seismic wave group information of the current seed point is extracted, and the similarity of the seismic wave group information of the prediction seed point and the seismic wave group information of the current seed point is determined, if the similarity is larger than or equal to a preset value, the prediction seed point is set to be a new current seed point, and otherwise, a seed point selected from seed points in a seed point search range is set to be a new current seed point for continuous search. According to the scheme, the anti-noise capacity of geologic horizon automatic tracking and the horizon tracking accuracy are improved.