77 results about "Amplitude scaling" patented technology

The current invention provides a method and apparatus for wireline characterization is disclosed. The method may be implemented with any modulation protocol but is particularly suited for multi-carrier modulation protocols such as discrete multi-tone (DMT). The apparatus may be incorporated into physical or logical modems. In an embodiment of the invention an apparatus for wireline characterization in a modem with a transmit path and a receive path each configured to couple with a remote modem via a wireline in which available communication bandwidth is split into a number of independent sub-channels is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a tone selector, a cumulative loss estimator and a shift register. The tone selector selects a subset of the number of sub-channels within the bandwidth of a received wireline communication for which subset the sum of the square roots of the corresponding sub-channel indices may be expressed as an integer power "n" of 2. The cumulative loss estimator cumulates the insertion losses across the selected subset of the sub-channels and outputs a binary value corresponding thereto. The shift register couples to the cumulative loss estimator to scale a magnitude of the binary value received from the cumulative loss estimator by an amount proportionate to "n" to obtain a scaled electrical distance estimate for the wireline. Corresponding method and means are disclosed.

Multicarrier modulated communications, involving a transmitting modem (30; 30′) and a receiving modem (40; 40′) that operate according to normal operating mode and a low-power, quiescent, mode, are disclosed. In the quiescent mode, transmitter power is saved by scaling down the amplitude of the transmitted symbols in each frame by a scaling factor (A), and transmitting multiple instances of the frames in sequence. On receipt, the repeated frames are summed, and the summed amplitudes scaled to account for the repetition factor (M) and the scaling factor (A), to recover the transmitted information. If the repetition factor (M) is greater than or equal to the square of the scaling factor (A), the signal-to-noise ratio in quiescent mode is at least as high as that in normal operation. The repeating, scaling, and summing may all be performed in the frequency domain or in the time domain, as desired.

Analog signals can be fully encoded as an asynchronous time sequence generated by a time encoding machine. With knowledge of the parameters of the time encoding machine, the asynchronous time sequence can be decoded using a non-linear time decoding machine. Such a system can be extended into an encoder / decoder in which a signal is processed in M separate channels. An input signal is applied to the encoder where the signal is provided to an M channel encoder circuit including a filter bank having a total bandwidth partitioned among M adjacent or overlapping filters. Each of the M filters are coupled to a corresponding one of M time encoding machines. The encoder output is represented by M sets of time encoded trigger values. The input signal can be recovered from the M sets of time encoded trigger values by applying the trigger signals to a corresponding M channel decoder which includes M TDMs and filters. The TDMs recover the continuous signal from each channel. The filter outputs xm are then amplitude scaled sm and are combined to recover the input signal. By partitioning the signal bandwidth into M channels, the average pulse rate from each TDM is substantially reduced.

Methods and devices for determining the position and / or angular orientation of a rotating shaft. Exemplary features include a sensor module and a position determination module. Sensor module may include a plurality of Hall Effect devices (HEDs) arranged at a specified angular separation to produce a signal in response to rotation of the shaft. Position module may be responsive to sensor module to produce a converted signal, determine an error term, and produce a position estimate. Converted signal may be produced by processing the HED signals into sinusoidal reference signals having offset scale and amplitude scale factors. Error term may be determined by processing the converted signals to produce an estimated position signal. Position estimate may be produced by processing the error term. Refined position measurement may be achieved by iterative elimination of regressive differences between position estimates with minimization of absolute magnitude of error term.

A clipping circuit to limit amplitude of an orthogonal baseband signal includes a 16-gonal clipping circuit almost equivalent to a circular clipping circuit. The 16-gonal clipping circuit includes plural stages of series-connected units each including a rectangular clipping circuit and a phase rotating module. To compensate for variation in the signal amplitude due to the rectangular clipping circuits and the phase rotating modules, an amplitude adjuster conducts amplitude scaling for the signal.

A system and computer based method for transcribing and extracting metadata from a source media. A processor-based server extracts audio and video stream from the source media. A speech recognition engine processes the audio and / or video stream to transcribe the audio and / or video stream into a time-aligned textual transcription and to extract audio amplitude by time interval, thereby providing a time-aligned machine transcribed media. The server processor measures the aural amplitude of the extracted audio amplitude and assigns a numerical value that is normalized to a single, normalized, universal amplitude scale. A database stores the time-aligned machine transcribed media, time-aligned video frames and the assigned value from the normalized amplitude scale.