The present invention discloses a method and device for positioning and orienting a
tunnel boring machine. The method comprises: when the
tunnel boring machine is moving and excavating in a tunnel, a multi-
beam laser radar installed at its rear end is used to scan a guide rod at the top of the tunnel to obtain relevant parameters of the guide rod, and according to the relevant parameters, the body offset angle and
offset distance of the
tunnel boring machine relative to the central axis of the tunnel are obtained, thereby controlling the tunnel boring
machine walking
system to adjust the walking direction and position, so that the tunnel boring
machine can automatically walk along the central axis of the tunnel. During the automatic walking of the tunnel boring
machine, whenever the guide rod is out of the
laser radar scanning area, the guide rod is moved forward along the walking direction of the tunnel boring machine, so that the
laser radar can scan the guide rod in real time, so that the tunnel boring machine can always walk automatically along the central axis. The method of the present invention calculates the
offset distance and angle between the tunnel boring machine and the central axis of the tunnel through the guide rod, so as to realize that the tunnel boring machine automatically walks along the central axis in the tunnel, and the implementation method is simple and the result is accurate and reliable.