The invention discloses a process design collaboration management system based on a three-dimensional model. The system comprises a process data management unit, a process design task distribution unit, a CAD (computer-aided design) data distribution unit, an MBOM (manufacturing bill of materials) structure generation unit, a process instruction book generation unit and a data integration unit. Digital machining, thermal engineering and assembly processes are designed and managed, process design tasks are distributed to different organizations, different departments and different staff and processed, collaborative process design and management are realized, unified management process resource bases, standard bases and tooling bases are realized, the system is integrated with a downstream system, machining information and assembly information are transmitted to the downstream system, and manufacturing of factories is conveniently instructed.