The invention relates to a security check system capable of recognizing prohibited articles based on the ray technology and deep learning, and the system is characterized in that the system comprisesa nuclear density meter, a spectrum analyzer, an X-ray security detector, a GPS module, a wireless communication module, a microcontroller, a power module, an alarm module, and a display module; the X-ray security detector stores a collected X-ray transmission image and corresponding image position information in the image storage module, and the function of the microcontroller is to realize the segmentation of an article image and recognize whether a sub-image is an image of a suspicious prohibited item or not, so as to facilitate further identification and confirmation; the wireless communication module realizes the communication of the nuclear density meter, the spectrum analyzer and the X-ray security detector with the microcontroller. The structure chart of a designed security check device consists of a conveyor belt (1), a device housing (2), a ZA150180 channel X-ray machine (3), a DensityPRO (4), a CMS-2S fast spectrum analyzer (5), and an alarm (6). The system achieves the recognition of the suspicious prohibited item through the knowledge of deep learning, and then combines with the nuclear density method and the spectrum imaging technology for further confirming the suspicious prohibited item.