The invention discloses a method for analyzing serum metabolomics on the basis of an LC-MS (liquid chromatogram-mass spectrograph) serum metabolomics technology. According to the method, serum is analyzed by constructing a serum metabolomics analysis model, and a model construction method comprises the following steps: collecting a healthy serum sample and an infected serum sample; performing LC-MS detection on the samples to obtain an original metabolic fingerprint; and preprocessing the fingerprint, sequentially performing PCA (principal component analysis) and PLS-DA (partial least squares-discriminant analysis) on an obtained two-dimensional matrix to obtain a PLS-DA model, verifying the obtained model, and if the model does not have over-fitting risks, finishing the model construction. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, a serum metabolomics analytic technology is applied to early screening of esophageal cancer for the first time, high risk populations of the esophageal cancer can be quickly and conveniently screened out, the screening range of the esophageal cancer is reduced, the efficiency of screening the whole population of a high incidence area of the esophageal cancer is effectively improved, the screening cost is greatly reduced, and the pain caused by invasive endoscopy to part of the population is effectively avoided, so that the method has important economic and social benefits and is convenient to popularize and apply.