The present disclosure provides surfactant-based compositions, methods, kits, and systems for use in
cell permeabilization, analytical and diagnostic assays, polypeptide stabilization,
viral inactivation, and
bioprocess workflows. In certain aspects, permeabilization buffers comprising defined concentrations of nonionic surfactants in polar protic solvents permeabilize diverse
cell types while preserving
intracellular targets and compatibility with downstream detection
chemistry and
nucleic acid amplification. Related compositions include loading, blocking, running, and mountant buffers, as well as polypeptide stabilization and
viral inactivation solutions formulated with the surfactants. In additional aspects, the surfactants are used in lateral flow devices, bead-based assays, and lipid
nanoparticle workflows, including determination of encapsulation efficiency. The disclosure further provides methods and systems in which data generated from surfactant-containing workflows are analyzed by
machine-learning processes to determine attributes of buffer performance and recommend protocol parameters.