1311 results about "Circuit protection" patented technology

The invention provides an intelligent fuse, and belongs to the technical field of circuit protection, and the intelligent fuse is characterized in that an upper housing is provided with at least one excitation chamber, the excitation chamber is internally provided with at least one excitation part and at least one impact part, and the excitation part releases high-pressure gas when receiving any one of an external trigger signal and an internal trigger signal; the lower shell is provided with at least one cooling cavity; the current-conducting plate is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell, and the impact part moves towards the direction where the cooling cavity is located under the thrust action of the high-pressure gas so as to cut off the current-conducting plate; the self-control module is arranged outside the shell and comprises a current detection unit and a processing unit, and the current detection unit is used for detecting a current signal on the conductive plate; the processing unit is used for generating an internal trigger signal according to the current signal. The beneficial effects of the invention are that a dual-trigger mechanism and redundancy design of an internal trigger signal and an external trigger signal are adopted, so that normal action can still be ensured when any signal fails, and the breaking reliability is improved.

The invention relates to the field of display, and discloses a short-circuit protection circuit, an array substrate, a display device and a short-circuit protection method.The short-circuit protection circuit is used for an OLED device and comprises the steps that an information sensing module obtains the actual working current of the OLED device and real-time parameters related to the working state of the OLED device; the dynamic expectation calculation module calculates the dynamic expectation working current n of the OLED device according to the real-time parameters and a preset OLED electrical characteristic model; the decision module synthesizes the actual current, the expected current and the current change rate / fluctuation amplitude to generate a risk judgment signal; and the response control module executes protection operation according to the judgment signal. According to the OLED short-circuit protection method, the accuracy, the sensitivity and the intelligent management level of OLED short-circuit protection are remarkably improved through the technology of dynamically calculating the expected current and carrying out decision making and parameter self-adaptive adjustment by fusing the actual current time sequence characteristics.

The invention provides a combined full-range controllable protection device, which belongs to the technical field of circuit protection and comprises a trigger body, a breaker and a fuse. The trigger body and the breaker are connected in series, and the trigger body and the breaker which are connected in series are connected in parallel with the fuse; when the circuit is abnormal, the trigger body is fused to carry out primary protection on the circuit, the fused trigger body also generates an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the breaker, the breaker cuts off the circuit to carry out secondary protection on the circuit, current flowing through the trigger body and the breaker is merged into a branch where the fuse is located, and the fuse is fused to form third-level protection on the circuit; therefore, multi-stage protection is realized through the trigger body, the breaker and the fuse, and the time sequence cooperation of multi-stage protection actions not only avoids misoperation, but also can provide redundancy protection when a serious fault occurs, so that quick response and reliable cut-off when the circuit is abnormal are realized on the basis of keeping low loss when the circuit is normal, and the circuit breaker can be suitable for high-voltage and large-current breaking.

The embodiment of the invention provides a circuit protection device and a chip, and the device comprises a detection module which is used for detecting whether the voltage of a power supply exceeds a voltage protection threshold, and outputting a low-level signal to a time hysteresis control module when the voltage exceeds the voltage protection threshold; if not, a high-level signal is output to the time hysteresis control module; the time hysteresis control module is used for receiving the low-level signal output by the detection module and controlling an MOS tube in the time hysteresis control module to be turned off; and the control module is used for receiving the high-level signal output by the detection module, timing and controlling the MOS tube to start when the timing time reaches the preset time, so that the problem that the power supply end fluctuates between a protection mode and a normal working mode when the input power supply rapidly fluctuates in the overvoltage and power failure protection circuit in the related technology is solved. In addition, common simple devices are needed for implementation, the cost is low, and the reliability is high.

The invention belongs to the field of power distribution network automation, and discloses a controllable drop-type intelligent fuse and a control method thereof. The controllable drop-type intelligent fuse comprises a measurement and control module which is arranged at the lower part of a fusion tube and is used for measuring the working current of the fuse, the high voltage of a line, the temperature of a fuse wire, the poor contact state of the fusion tube and the drop state of the fusion tube through a sensor and a corresponding measurement circuit, and communicating with a background server through a wireless communication function; the measurement and control module is connected with a configured micro motor and a measurement and control module torque output rotating shaft; the lower contact is provided with a novel tensioning structure which is used for enabling the fuse to be controlled to fall off. On the basis of keeping the function of an original traditional drop-out fuse as a short-circuit protection switch, a measurement control and wireless communication circuit is added; working current, fuse wire temperature and drop state can be measured, drop of the fuse can be controlled automatically or wirelessly and remotely when primary current is larger than a set value, and therefore load overcurrent protection is achieved.

The utility model provides a short-circuit protection circuit for a Type-C interface, and belongs to the technical field of short-circuit protection circuits. Comprising an interface module, an overvoltage and electromagnetic protection circuit and a switching circuit, the interface module, the overvoltage and electromagnetic protection circuit and the switching circuit are connected in series on the same power line and grounding line, and a common circuit and a standby circuit are arranged in the switching circuit and are both connected with the power line. According to the utility model, through the cooperation of the resettable fuse, the double-pole double-throw relay and other elements, the circuit can be rapidly switched so as to ensure that the interface can continue to work normally without maintenance when a short-circuit fault occurs, and through the synergistic effect of the gas discharge tube, the first transient suppression diode, the second transient suppression diode, the electrolytic capacitor and other elements, the short-circuit fault of the interface can be effectively prevented. The problems of overvoltage and electromagnetic interference during short circuit can be effectively relieved.

The invention discloses a high-side driving circuit, an electronic device, a vehicle and a control method. False triggering of a short-circuit protection mechanism is avoided. The high-side driving circuit comprises a power distribution circuit, a sampling circuit and a fault protection circuit, the power distribution circuit comprises a PMOS transistor and a first resistance circuit; the grid electrode of the PMOS tube is grounded through the first resistance circuit, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with a load, and the source electrode of the PMOS tube and the input end of the fault protection circuit are connected with a power supply; the output end of the fault protection circuit is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube; the sampling circuit is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube and the ground; the output end of the sampling circuit and the control end of the fault protection circuit are connected to the control unit; the control unit judges whether load short circuit occurs or not according to the sampling voltage, if not, the fault protection circuit is forbidden to output voltage, and if yes, the fault protection circuit is controlled to convert input voltage into target voltage to be output; the PMOS tube is in a variable resistance region when the fault protection circuit has no voltage output, and enters a cut-off region when the PMOS tube outputs a target voltage.

The present disclosure provides a chip package for power modules including at least one semiconductor die; a driver circuit for controlling the at least one semiconductor die; a protective layer formed on a die active surface of the at least one die and a driver active surface of the driver circuit; a metal unit having at least one metal feature; and a molding layer for encapsulating the at least one semiconductor die, the driver circuit, the protective layer and metal unit. The chip package is connected with an external circuit via the at least one metal feature. The present disclosure also provides a method of making the chip packages for power modules.

The invention provides a 2M non-framing double-path protection intelligent switching method and system based on redundancy check, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining double-path 2M non-framing code streams, carrying out the alignment processing, generating a check result through employing cyclic redundancy check, carrying out the statistics of error code feature vectors in a sliding time window, and constructing a link quality track. According to the method, the quality degradation early warning signal is extracted, the stage switching strategy is constructed based on the early warning signal, the switching time sequence is determined in combination with the neural network evaluator, link switching is executed, self-adaptive optimization of the switching strategy is achieved, and the intelligence and reliability of link switching are improved.

The invention discloses a range-extended electric aircraft power distribution system and a construction method, and the system constructs a graded power distribution network comprising four stages of protection devices through distributing different windings of a multi-winding motor to different load modules and combining the design of dual power sources of a battery pack and a range extender; by means of the design, independent power supply and fault isolation of winding power are achieved, and it is ensured that power is not completely lost under a single fault; and the dual power sources are backups for each other through an interconnection line, so that the power supply reliability is improved, and the power distribution at different flight stages is optimized. By adopting the technical means of multi-winding motor design and four-stage grading circuit protection, the technical problem that the safety and reliability of a power system of an electric aircraft are insufficient due to a single power supply or a motor fault is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, and discloses a lithium battery cell with internal short circuit self-open circuit protection. Comprising a shell, an electrode assembly arranged in the shell, electrolyte, a positive pole and a negative pole, the positive pole and the negative pole are electrically connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the electrode assembly respectively, and the electrode assembly comprises a positive plate, a negative plate and a diaphragm spaced between the positive plate and the negative plate; the battery is characterized in that a temperature or current sensitive fusible or high-resistance variable structure is integrated on the current collector of the positive plate and / or the negative plate, and the structure can automatically form a physical open circuit or a high-impedance area on a current path where a fault point is located when local temperature rise or sudden current increase exceeds a preset threshold value due to internal short circuit of the battery cell; therefore, short-circuit current is rapidly inhibited and thermal runaway spreading is prevented. By constructing a fuse or current gate type intrinsic safety structure in the current collector, the problems that when an existing lithium battery is subjected to internal short circuit (such as diaphragm failure, metal dendritic crystal puncture, impurity mixing and the like), a short circuit loop cannot be automatically cut off, so that current is intensively released, the temperature is sharply increased, and the service life of the lithium battery is influenced are solved. And the major safety problems of thermal runaway, fire and even explosion are further caused.

A short-circuit protection circuit of a half-bridge driving chip relates to the field of short-circuit protection and integrated circuit design, and comprises a pre-driving module for generating a high-side signal and a low-side signal; the half-bridge module is driven, a high-side MOS receives a high-side signal, and a low-side MOS receives a low-side signal; the gate source hardware clamping module is used for carrying out voltage clamping on the high-side MOS when over-current of the over-ground short circuit of the high-side MOS is detected; the phase voltage short-circuit protection module is used for controlling the overcurrent time when the high-side MOS short circuit is over-current, and sending a fault signal to the logic module when detecting that the high / low-side MOS short circuit is over-current; the bus over-current protection module is used for sending a fault signal to the logic module when bus over-current is detected; and the logic module judges whether the short-circuit protection circuit enters a protection state according to the fault signal. According to the invention, the response speed and the protection mechanism are intelligently switched in real time in different overcurrent fault scenes through the three-stage protection circuit, and the circuit has the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast response speed and strong anti-interference capability.

The invention discloses a grid drive short-circuit protection method based on dV / dt detection, which relates to the technical field of power electronics, and comprises the following steps: constructing a unified time frequency reference baseline, executing all-phase mapping on each power device of a parallel system, reconstructing a conduction sequence, and calculating a phase difference between a voltage rising edge and sampling trigger. Generating a time frequency dislocation matrix, and determining a phase dislocation risk window; and executing causal playback in the phase dislocation risk window, extracting transient waveform characteristics of a voltage rising edge, eliminating parasitic pseudo peaks, obtaining an effective response trajectory, generating a sampling phase check anchor point based on the trajectory, and constructing a phase reference baseline. According to the method, a unified time-frequency baseline and a dynamic sampling mechanism are constructed to realize phase synchronization of sampling and conduction, the sampling rhythm and the turn-off threshold are optimized in combination with feed-forward vibration suppression and residual adjustment, the short circuit identification speed and precision are improved, and the method has self-healing and self-correcting capabilities and is suitable for high-frequency and high-power density scenes.

The invention relates to the technical field of dimming power supplies, and discloses a multiplexed output dimming power supply, which comprises a power supply main circuit, a plurality of power control tubes, a control circuit, a primary protection circuit and a secondary protection circuit. The input end of the power supply main circuit is connected with an external power supply, the anode of the output end is connected with the anodes of the plurality of lamp loads, and the cathode of the output end is connected with the common ground of the dimming power supply. Source electrodes of the power control tubes are connected with the common ground, drain electrodes of the power control tubes are connected with negative electrodes of the corresponding lamp loads, and a plurality of output ends of the control circuit are connected with grid electrodes of the power control tubes respectively. The primary protection circuit is used for sending a short circuit detection signal to the feedback end of the control circuit when the positive electrode of any lamp load is equipotential with the common ground, so that the control circuit closes the output of the output end of the control circuit. And the secondary protection circuit is used for lowering the grid voltage of the power control tube when the positive electrode and the negative electrode of any lamp load are equipotential. The dimming power supply can realize reliable short-circuit protection with lower cost.

The invention relates to the field of chip electrostatic protection, in particular to a high-bandwidth flash memory chip ESD protection circuit optimization method and system. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out multi-point synchronous observation through a charge imaging module, and extracting ESD multi-step observation information; identifying a high density charge region based on the ESD multi-step observation information; defining a safe charge threshold value, performing charge safety evaluation on a high-density charge region, and entering a dynamic regulation and control mode; carrying out charge discharge path dynamic planning based on a dynamic regulation and control mode, and calculating real-time residual charge density; and detecting that the real-time residual charge density is lower than a safe charge threshold value, and completing the protection operation of the local bleeder circuit. The electrostatic discharge risk events higher than the safety threshold are quickly responded and efficiently processed, the safety of the chip circuit is improved, and the service life of the chip is prolonged.

The invention discloses a low-voltage electrical equipment safety monitoring method and system based on temperature sensing, and relates to the technical field of low-voltage electrical circuit protection device control, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the multi-node real-time temperature data of low-voltage electrical equipment through a distributed temperature sensor array, an abnormal temperature change mode and a multi-stage early warning signal are determined through thermal state analysis, a circuit protection device is triggered to adjust operation parameters of the low-voltage electrical equipment and form a safety protection record log, then a fault prediction channel is constructed according to the safety protection record log, and finally an equipment health state evaluation report is generated. According to the invention, the technical problems of single-point sensing monitoring lag, inaccurate abnormal mode judgment and rigid safety protection strategy in traditional low-voltage electrical equipment temperature monitoring are solved, and the distributed sensor array comprehensively collects multi-node data, accurately analyzes a thermal state and identifies an abnormal temperature change mode. The technical effects of accurate temperature monitoring, effective protection and health prediction of the low-voltage electrical equipment are achieved.

The invention discloses a power distribution cabinet with an intelligent short-circuit protection device, and aims to solve the problems of large weight, small space, complex assembly and high cost of a traditional power distribution cabinet caused by angle steel or a C-shaped steel skeleton. The power distribution cabinet comprises a cabinet body with a cavity and at least two cabinet doors, wherein an intelligent short-circuit protection module is arranged in the cabinet body; the cabinet body is composed of a bottom plate, a top plate and a plurality of side plates through a connecting structure, opening sides of the bottom plate and the top plate are bent to form first closed edges, opening sides of the side plates are bent to form second closed edges, separation strips are arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and opening sides of the separation strips are bent to form third closed edges. And the three or the first and third sealing edges form a frame-shaped sealing structure and are attached to the inner wall of the cabinet door. The cavity is provided with a partition plate, the first closed edge is integrally formed and provided with a rail groove, and the partition strip is provided with a sliding block to be matched with the rail groove to compensate cabinet door installation precision. According to the invention, weight and cost are reduced, installation space is increased, electromagnetic interference is reduced, and sealing performance and assembling efficiency are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of protectors, in particular to a power-off reset anti-pulse overcurrent and overheat protector and a manufacturing method thereof, and the protector comprises a PTC heating element which forms a hollow structure; the sensing assembly is arranged in the hollow structure; the first connecting plate is arranged at the top of the PTC heating element; the second connecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the PTC heating element; the faces, facing the hollow structure, of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate provide installation positions for the induction assembly, the two opposite side edges of the first connecting plate are continuously bent and extend to the bottom of the PTC heating piece to form wrapping edges, and an insulating plate is arranged between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate. The PTC heating element is used for providing an installation space, an additional installation support is not needed, redundant space between parts is greatly compressed, the PTC heating element forms a double conduction mechanism of air heat storage and contact heat compensation, and the reliability of circuit protection is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit protection devices, and discloses a fuse with an alarm function, which comprises a bottom shell, a base is arranged in the bottom shell, a card is arranged on the upper surface of the base, a fuse body is arranged on the outer wall of the card, a fuse body is arranged in the fuse body, and an alarm device is arranged in the fuse body. The outer wall of the fuse body is fixedly connected with a first insulating spacer, the outer wall of the first insulating spacer is fixedly connected with an insulating rod, the outer wall of the insulating rod is slidably connected with a second insulating spacer, the outer wall of the insulating rod is provided with a tension spring, and the outer wall of the fuse body is provided with an alarm module. Through a pure mechanical linkage mode that the insulating rod is released after the fuse body of the fuse is fused and the tension spring is used for driving the insulating rod to accurately trigger the microswitch, direct and reliable detection of a fusing event is realized, the problem of possible misoperation of an electronic sensor in a strong electromagnetic interference environment is avoided, and absolute reliability of an alarm function is ensured.

The invention provides a high-precision high-robustness PMLSM position tracking control method and system, and relates to the technical field of numerical control. Comprising a DSP processor, a detection circuit, a Hall sensor, a linear grating ruler, a Fault signal acquisition circuit, a reset circuit, an IPM protection isolation drive circuit, an IPM inverter circuit, a JTAG circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a level conversion circuit, an upper computer and a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Firstly, a LuGre model based on an improved Stribeck effect function is designed, then a PMLSM position tracking controller is designed, robust simple adaptive control is utilized to solve the problem of influence of uncertainty on system tracking precision, a command generation tracker is utilized to calculate parameters of the robust simple adaptive controller through model difference, and the position tracking precision of the system is improved. The robust simple adaptive control method based on the command generation tracker is adopted, so that the uncertainty factors of the system can be more effectively inhibited, the output error is reduced, and the position tracking precision is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit protection, in particular to a hot plug protection circuit of a multi-machine system and electronic equipment. The hot plug protection circuit is applied to a multi-machine system, the system comprises a main battery pack and at least one slave battery pack which are connected in series, and each battery pack is connected with the next slave battery pack through a corresponding wire harness connector in sequence. The wire harness connector is provided with a first signal pin and a second signal pin, and the first signal pin is communicated with the second signal pin of the front wire harness connector when the corresponding wire harness connector is connected to the front wire harness connector. The hot plug protection circuit can control the on-off of the first pin and the second pin based on the connection state of the adjacent wire harness connectors, and outputs a corresponding signal to the controller according to the connection state of the first signal pin and the second signal pin of each wire harness connector. Therefore, the controller correspondingly triggers the protection action of the corresponding battery pack according to the received signal, and the circuit safety and the possible personnel safety are protected.

The invention provides a self-adaptive short-circuit fault current-limiting control method and system for a primary and secondary fusion circuit breaker, and relates to the technical field of circuit protection and manufacturing, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a current value, a voltage value and a state quantity of a circuit breaker, and forming a first operation parameter set; performing feature extraction based on the amplitude abrupt change, the phase offset and the harmonic component, generating a first feature vector, and matching the first feature vector with a preset short-circuit fault feature template to obtain a fault recognition result, a fault type and a position identifier; a dynamic current-limiting control curve is calculated according to the identifier and the current value, a current-limiting control parameter set is generated, and a current-limiting execution mechanism is controlled to obtain current-limiting response data; after the action is completed, a second operation parameter set is collected, current limiting effect analysis is executed to generate state feedback data, and a current limiting control parameter set is updated based on the feedback data; and factory calibration can be carried out on the power electronic current limiting module serving as a current limiting execution mechanism. According to the method, the adaptive capacity and accuracy of current limiting control are improved.

An integrated field output terminal assembly for traffic controller cabinets includes a circuit board carrying high-density flash-transfer relays and output terminals on a front side, and a short-circuit protection subassembly on a rear side. The protection subassembly has rows of plug-in fuse holders electrically connected through the board to incoming power channels from high-density switch packs, with surge suppressors located between fuse sections. An insulating panel, spaced by standoffs, shields the rear circuitry while providing labeled openings for rapid fuse access. A swing-down mounting bracket lets the board pivot within the cabinet for tool-less inspection and replacement of fuses. By placing circuit protection on the same footprint as the output board, the assembly eliminates separate fuse panels and bulky harnesses, cutting cabinet volume, material cost, and service time while safeguarding switch packs against shorts, lightning, and wiring faults.

The utility model discloses an internal and external integrated trigger circuit for an excitation fuse, which relates to the technical field of new energy circuit protection, and comprises an external trigger unit, which comprises an external trigger interface, a voltage-regulator tube D5 and a signal output interface; the internal trigger unit comprises an arc ignition fuse, a pulse transformer, a half-bridge rectifier circuit and a signal output interface; the external trigger unit receives an external trigger signal through one-way conduction of a voltage-regulator tube D5, and the external trigger signal is transmitted to the igniter through the signal output interface. According to the utility model, through a double-trigger redundancy design, double insurance is formed by external active trigger and internal self-trigger. When external triggering fails, internal triggering still can independently activate the igniter through the pulse transformer and the half-bridge rectifying circuit, and the risk that protection fails when a single Pyro fuse control loop fails is thoroughly avoided. And the response time of the excitation fuse is shorter than that of a traditional hot-melt fuse, so that the diffusion risk of a short-circuit accident is remarkably reduced.

This invention provides a bimetallic strip circuit disconnection control method and system, relating to the field of circuit protection technology. By acquiring the bimetallic strip deformation signal and calculating the difference, and combining different thresholds and durations for judgment, it distinguishes between instantaneous large fluctuations and continuous small faults, achieving accurate tripping and early warning. It has the advantages of effectively distinguishing between normal instantaneous fluctuations and continuous electrical faults, avoiding false tripping, and providing early warning, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of circuit protection.

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle control, and discloses a heavy electric vehicle high-voltage power distribution system and a control method. The battery power distribution unit is integrated with a high-voltage main loop on-off module, a centralized pre-charging module and a short-circuit protection module, and is used for centralized on-off control and centralized pre-charging management of high-voltage electric energy; the charging interface is used for external charging; the power electronic unit is integrated with a motor controller, a direct-current converter, an auxiliary system controller and a power distribution module and forms a plurality of high-voltage power utilization loops, and high-voltage electric energy transmitted by the integrated battery power distribution unit is distributed to the high-voltage power utilization loops; the motor controller is configured to actively discharge the high-voltage electric loop; the power distribution system and the high-voltage electric appliance are cooperatively controlled through a whole vehicle CAN network. According to the invention, system architecture hardware simplification is realized by optimizing a whole vehicle CAN network communication mechanism and a whole vehicle high-voltage control strategy, and the reliability and safety of a high-voltage power distribution system are improved through a control mode of centralized pre-charging and sequential enabling of electric appliances.

This invention designs a short-circuit prevention structure for the cathode body in electrolytic machining of small-diameter tube bores. By adding a composite structure of an "annular drainage groove + gradually widening directional drainage groove" to the traditional rear guide zone, it solves the problems of uneven flow field distribution and ablation short circuits caused by poor electrolyte drainage and accumulation at the tail end of the working tooth machining area during traditional cathode body electrolytic machining of tube bores. Specifically, the annular drainage groove is placed at the front end of the rear guide zone, utilizing the potential energy of the annular groove to rapidly guide the electrolyte retained at the end of the working tooth to the annular groove, achieving uniform circumferential distribution of the electrolyte introduced by the rear guide zone and reducing excessive accumulation of electrolyte waste at the end of the working tooth. The gradually widening directional drainage groove starts from the end of the working tooth and gradually widens along the spiral angle of the working tooth, effectively providing electrolyte drainage and ensuring that the electrolyte flow from the end of the working tooth to the drainage groove always proceeds stably forward along the spiral structure. The combination of these two structures effectively solves the short-circuit problem at the end of the traditional cathode body.

The invention provides a protection ring resistor detection circuit, a protection ring resistor detection method and a memory. The protection ring resistor detection circuit comprises a plurality of reference resistors, and the resistance values of the reference resistors are different; the first power supply is connected with the first end of the protection ring and the first ends of the plurality of reference resistors and is used for inputting first input voltage to the protection ring and the plurality of reference resistors; the current adjusting module is connected with the second end of the protection ring and the second ends of the plurality of reference resistors, and is configured to enable the current flowing through the protection ring and the plurality of reference resistors to have the same current value; and the resistance detection module is configured to obtain a first voltage value of the second end of the protection ring and a second voltage value of the second end of each reference resistor, and compare the first voltage value with each second voltage value to obtain a resistance value of the protection ring. The protection ring resistance detection circuit can accurately detect the resistance of the protection ring so as to accurately judge whether the protection ring fails or not.

This invention discloses a thermoelectric module with intrinsic open-circuit protection and its protection method. The thermoelectric module includes multiple thermoelectric units connected in series and at least one bidirectional protection device. The bidirectional protection device is connected in parallel with at least one of the thermoelectric units and is a semiconductor device with bidirectional avalanche breakdown characteristics. Its breakdown voltage satisfies: where is the normal operating terminal voltage of the thermoelectric unit, α is the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient, is the maximum design temperature difference, and is the voltage across the faulty unit during an open-circuit fault. During normal operation, the protection device is high-resistance cutoff; during a fault, it avalanche conduction forms a bypass. This invention also provides an open-circuit protection method for the thermoelectric module, including a threshold determination step and a voltage triggering step. This invention achieves hardware-level passive fault tolerance, with fast response speed and high reliability.

1. Name of the product in this design: Circuit Breaker (Handheld Type). 2. Purpose of this design: for overload and short-circuit protection and isolation of circuits. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the key design points: Design 1 3D view. 5. Design 1 is designated as the basic design.