116 results about "Kelvin" patented technology

Apparatus and methods for testing conductive bumps or target test points on integrated circuits. A multiplicity of probes are extended through a support substrate. At least one of the multiplicity of probe locations include a second electrically isolated probe such that the test point is in contact with two probes. One of the two probes provides a voltage to the test point and the second probe sensing the voltage so as to provide a Kelvin connection.

The electrical measuring apparatus (17) and temperature sensing apparatus minimises the number of connections required for each contact (30, 31) of a battery (18). The present invention measures the core temperature of the battery (18) which is useful in monitoring the health of the battery (18). The apparatus comprises first connection means to connect to the first contact (30) of the battery (18) and second connection means to connect to the second contact (31) of the battery (18). The apparatus includes a thermistor (36) which connects in series with one lead (32) of the connecting means. Accordingly, the apparatus does not require the temperature sensor (36) to be independently connected to the battery (18).

A battery monitoring device configured to monitor a storage battery. The battery monitoring device includes Kelvin connectors configured to couple to the terminals of the storage battery. The battery monitoring device is configured to receive data from a second battery monitoring device. Further, the battery monitoring device is configured to measure a parameter of the storage battery. The measured parameter and the data received from the second battery monitoring device are communicated to a receiving station.

A particulate form carbon pyrolyzate adsorbent, having the following characteristics: (a) CO2 capacity greater than 105 cc / gram at one bar pressure and temperature of 273° Kelvin; (b) CO2 Working Capacity greater than 7.0 weight percent; (c) CO2 heats of adsorption and desorption each of which is in a range of from 10 to 50 kJ / mole; and (d) a CO2 / N2 Henry's Law Separation Factor greater than 5. The carbon pyrolyzate material can be formed from a polyvinylidene chloride-based polymer or copolymer, or other suitable resin material, to provide an adsorbent that is useful for carbon dioxide capture applications, e.g., in treatment of flue gases from coal-fired power generation plants.

The invention provides a Kelvin probe force microscopy and a measuring method thereof. The microscopy comprises a scanning head (1), a low-frequency voltage signal generator (2), a high-frequency voltage signal generator (3), a high-frequency vibration signal detector (4), a low-frequency vibration signal detector (5), a voltage signal superimposer (6), an offset voltage controller (7) and a main controller (8), wherein the output ends of the low-frequency voltage signal generator, the high-frequency voltage signal generator and the main controller are all electrically connected with the scanning head; the input end and the output end of the high-frequency vibration signal detector are respectively electrically connected with the scanning head and the offset voltage controller; the output end of the offset voltage controller is electrically connected with the main controller; and the input end and the output end of the low-frequency vibration signal detector are respectively electrically connected with the scanning head and the main controller. The measuring method can not affect the original measuring function of the atomic force microscopy and can improve the spatial resolution and the sensitivity of the Kelvin probe force microscopy.

The voltage at a node of an integrated circuit can be measured or controlled using a two-wire kelvin contact with spring-based probe pins by offsetting and tapering the lower end section of the spring-based probe pin. As a result, multiple spring-based probe pins can be connected to a single contact bump, such as a solder bump.

A battery monitoring device configured to monitor a storage battery. The battery monitoring device includes Kelvin connectors configured to couple to the terminals of the storage battery. The battery monitoring device is configured to receive data from a second battery monitoring device. Further, the battery monitoring device is configured to measure a parameter of the storage battery. The measured parameter and the data received from the second battery monitoring device are communicated to a receiving station.

Attach a thermoplastic polymeric foam to multiple spaced apart structural support members of a structure wherein the foam has a resistance to water vapor permeability (mu) that is less than 50, a thermal conductivity that is less than 40 milliwatts per meter*Kelvin, a compressive strength that is greater than 80 kilopascals, and a density of 48 kilograms per cubic meter or less to provide insulation while also providing water vapor-permeability and structural durability to the structure.

A welding apparatus for welding workpieces of high-temperature superalloys is provided. The welding apparatus includes a heat source for producing a heat input zone on the workpiece surface, a supplying device for supplying welding filler into the heat input zone and a transporting device for producing a relative movement between the heat source and the supplying device on the one hand and the workpiece surface on the other hand. The welding apparatus further includes a control unit with a control program, which carries out the relative movement in such a way that the welding power and the diameter of the heat input zone are set such that the cooling rate during the solidifying of the material is at least 8000 Kelvins per second.

The invention discloses a packaging structure and a packaging method for a silicon carbide power device. The packaging structure comprises a direct bond copper (DBC) ceramic substrate, a silicon carbide power device, a PCB, leads and a shell and forms a half-bridge circuit structure formed by the silicon carbide power device. According to the packaging structure and the packaging method provided by the invention, the area of a power circuit can be effectively reduced, conductors with opposite current flowing directions are formed during a commutation process by a switch transistor, mutual inductance offset is used for reducing parasitic inductance of a commutation circuit, and overvoltage and oscillation during the switching process can be effectively reduced; driving signal leads adopt a Kelvin connection mode and are vertical to power leads, a role of effectively reducing coupling between a driving circuit and a power circuit is played, and driving stability is enhanced; the DBC substrate and the PCB are welded thoroughly, and packaging reliability is enhanced; and power terminals and signal terminals are directly included in the PCB, thereby reducing contact resistance and parasitic inductance brought by extra terminals and achieving effects of reducing the cost.

Terminals (2, 502) of a device under test (DUT) are connected to corresponding contact pads or leads by a series of electrically conductive contacts. Each terminal testing connects with both a “force” contact and a “sense” contact. In one embodiment, the sense contact (770) partially or completely laterally surrounds the force contact (700). In order to increase the contact surface, the force contact, in a spring pin (700) configuration contacts the device under test terminal at that portion of the lead which is curved or angled, rather than orthogonal to the pin.

The invention discloses a testing method for the water vapor penetration rate of a thin film. The testing method comprises the following steps: S1, evaporating a calcium thin film layer on a substrate; S2, depositing a packaging thin film layer on the substrate through an atomic layer deposition layer under protective gas, enabling the calcium thin film layer to be covered with the packaging thin film layer to obtain a thin film device to be measured; and S3, testing the thin film device to be measured obtain in the step S2 by adopting a Kelvin four-probe method, obtaining a time-varying conductivity curve of the calcium thin film layer in the thin film device to be measured, and extracting the slope of a linear part of the curve: d(1 / R) / dt, and substituting into a next formula as shown in the specification to obtain the water vapor penetration rate of the thin film eta WVTR, wherein in the formula, n is water vapor penetration characteristic coefficient at the temperature of 25 DEG C, M(H2O) is the molar mass of water, M(Ca) is the molar mass of calcium, delta is calcium specific resistance, rho is calcium density, L is the length of the calcium thin film layer, and W is the width of the calcium thin film layer. The test precision can reach 1 * 10<-6> g * m<-2> * d<-1>, and the test method has the advantages of being quick, simple, high in accuracy and the like.

The invention provides a structure for measuring electric property change of MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) device, which comprises an active area, a grid electrode located on the active area, wherein the grid electrode is a resistor in Kelvin structure; two ends of the grid electrode have two polyresistor end points. The structure of the invention has the advantage that the influences of the grid length change, the gate oxide thickness change and the doping change to the MOSFET device are distinguished and determined; and the three process changes are the main factors of electrical fluctuations of device and are the primary parameters for building a monte carlo model and a corner mode of the device; the determination of the three process changes can lead the monte carlo model and the corner model to be more precise, which is quite important under the condition that the requirements on process corner models that is more than 90nm are higher and higher, and in favour of extracting a stress model of the device for placing numbers and distances of different virtual grid electrodes in more than 45nm of process. The invention further provides a method for measuring electric property change of MOSFET device.

Apparatus and methods for removing components from a circuit board. A conveyor transports circuit boards having components attached with solder through a heating section. When the solder has been melted by application of electromagnetic radiation, the circuit board is subjected to mechanical forces that dislodge the components to be removed from the circuit board. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation is supplied by heaters operating at color temperatures in the vicinity of 973 Kelvin. The components are recovered in a form that allows their reuse.

A current sense resistor circuit using Kelvin connection sense features provides an average voltage across net sense resistance and average voltage across net reference resistance to be available at the Kelvin connection points. The Kelvin connections can be used by a negative feedback gain loop to hold the average current through respective reference elements and sense elements substantially constant.

Terminals of a device under test are connected to corresponding contact pads or leads by a series of electrically conductive contacts. Each terminal testing connects with both a “force” contact and a “sense” contact. In one embodiment, the sense contact partially or completely laterally surrounds the force contact, so that it need not have its own resiliency. The sense contact has a forked end with prongs that extend to opposite sides of the force contact. Alternatively, the sense contact surrounds the force contact and slides laterally to match a lateral translation component of a lateral cross-section of the force contact during longitudinal compression of the force contact. Alternatively, the sense contact includes rods that have ends on opposite sides of the force contact, and extend parallel.

A system and method is disclosed for obtaining measurements of the electric fields around skin wounds and lesions on mammals noninvasively. The system and method is comprised of a vibrating metallic probe tip that is placed close to the skin in the air. By applying a series of known voltages to the metal probe tip or to the skin beneath it, the skin's local surface potential can be measured and the lateral electric field can be calculated from the spatial distribution of surface potential measurements. Surface artifacts that can affect the measurements are removed and active feedback is used to maintain a constant distance between the probe and the skin surface.

An eccentric offset Kelvin probe with a beveled contact tip radially offset from the longitudinal axis of the probe which provides a reduced tip spacing between adjacent pairs of probes.

This invention provides new, highly conductive materials comprising crystallized electron pairs within an insulating matrix. Crystallized electron pairs can combine with each other to form quasi-one-dimensional structures, quantum nanowires, that have nanoscale diameters and microscale lengths or longer. Quantum nanowires can also be formed as closed loops. Quantum nanowires comprising crystallized electron pairs exhibit very high electrical conductivity over a range of temperatures from 0 Kelvins up to the decomposition temperature of the materials. The quantum nanowires of this invention can be used in a variety of electronic, opto-electronic, electro-optical, motive, sensing and other ways to provide nanoscale structures for manufacturing small devices having low power requirements, low energy dissipation and very rapid responses.

A novel and useful quantum computing machine architecture that includes a classic computing core as well as a quantum computing core. A programmable pattern generator executes sequences of instructions that control the quantum core. In accordance with the sequences, a pulse generator functions to generate the control signals that are input to the quantum core to perform quantum operations. A partial readout of the quantum state in the quantum core is generated that is subsequently re-injected back into the quantum core to extend decoherence time. Access gates control movement of quantum particles in the quantum core. Errors are corrected from the partial readout before being re-injected back into the quantum core. Internal and external calibration loops calculate error syndromes and calibrate the control pulses input to the quantum core. Control of the quantum core is provided from an external support unit via the pattern generator or can be retrieved from classic memory where sequences of commands for the quantum core are stored a priori in the memory. A cryostat unit functions to provide several temperatures to the quantum machine including a temperature to cool the quantum computing core to approximately 4 Kelvin.

A current sense resistor circuit using Kelvin connection sense features provides an average voltage across net sense resistance and average voltage across net reference resistance to be available at the Kelvin connection points. The Kelvin connections can be used by a negative feedback gain loop to hold the average current through respective reference elements and sense elements substantially constant.

A portable color corrected light for the correct matching of tooth shades and acceleration of tooth whitening has been developed. In order to accurately match the tint and hue (true color) of teeth, the device provides 5500 to 6500 Kelvin, ambient-independent light with the ability to block or overwhelm ambient light to get a precise “color” reading of that tooth. The same light can accelerate the tooth whitening process with the addition of photo-accelerators to increase the decomposition of H2O2 or other peroxide whitening material. In addition, the same light can also serve as a dental operatory light which provides a closer to daylight illumination than conventional halogen dental lights.

A curable silicone composition comprising a curable organosiloxane composition, copper-silver (Cu—Ag) core-shell particles, and hydrocarbon vehicle; the curable silicone composition being characterizable by: a concentration of the Cu—Ag core-shell particles of from 70 to 89 weight percent and a total concentration of silver of from 7.0 to 12 weight percent, all based on weight of the curable silicone composition; wherein the curable silicone composition has a concentration of the Cu—Ag core-shell particles and hydrocarbon vehicle such that the curable silicone composition remains curable to a conductive silicone material having a concentration of the Cu—Ag core-shell particles of from 88.0 to 92 weight percent and having a volume resistivity of less than 0.020 Ohm-centimeter measured according to Volume Resistivity Test Method, and a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 2.9 Watts per meter*Kelvin (W / (m*K)) measured according to Thermal Properties Test Method.

An evaporation unit for evaporating an aqueous solution including at least one reducing agent precursor, includes at least one evaporator cavity defined by a wall made of a material containing titanium. A heat-imparting layer disposed outside the evaporator cavity is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W / mK (Watts per meter and Kelvin) and is connected to the evaporator cavity in a heat-conducting manner. A heating layer disposed outside the heat-imparting layer is connected in a materially integral manner to the heat-imparting layer. The evaporator unit can be controlled in a highly dynamic manner, thereby enabling a sufficiently high amount of ammonia to be produced even during rapid load changes and consequently significant increases in the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. A device and a motor vehicle having the evaporation unit are also provided.

A hybrid aircraft propulsion system. The system comprises a gas turbine engine comprising a compressor, a combustor, one or more turbines, a shaft coupled to one of the turbines, and a bypass fan mechanically driven by the shaft. The system further comprises an electrical generator mechanically coupled to the shaft, and an auxiliary propulsor mechanically coupled to an electric motor and electrically coupled to the electric generator. At maximum power, the gas turbine engine is configured to produce a turbine entry temperature at maximum power between 1800 Kelvin and 2000 Kelvin, the engine comprises a fan bypass ratio of between 4:1 and 13:1, and the generator is configured to absorb between 10% and 60% of the mechanical power generated by the turbine.

A polymeric material for use in thermal insulation is provided. The polymeric material is formed from a thermoplastic composition containing a continuous phase that includes a matrix polymer and within which a microinclusion additive and nanoinclusion additive are dispersed in the form of discrete domains. A porous network is defined in the material that includes a plurality of nanopores having an average cross-sectional dimension of about 800 nanometers or less. The polymeric material exhibits a thermal conductivity of about 0.20 watts per meter-kelvin or less.

The fire and smoke containment services transit unit includes a casing constructed from a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 5 watts per meter per Kelvin. The casing defines a first opening at a first end and a second opening at the second end. Intermediate the first and second end is the internal volume that is encased by the casing. The internal volume and each of the openings are sized to allow services such as cables, pipes, etc. to be threaded through the services transit unit. An intumescent material is housed centrally within the internal volume. Prior to exposure to the heat of a fire, the intumescent material maintains a slim profile. However, when the transit unit is exposed to the heat associated with a building fire, it swells and thereby seals the internal volume against the passage of fire, smoke or heated gases through the transit unit.

The invention provides a method for clay inter-particle pore equivalent pore size. The method comprises the steps of fitting to obtain a whole soil-water characteristic curve, selecting data with matric suction being 144000kPa to 0kPa, converting the matric suction into relative humidity (RH), converting mass water content into water-filled pore volume in soil mass per unit mass, calculating a Kelvin radius, then calculating an actual pore radius and the thickness of a water film, then calculating an average pore radius, calculating the equivalent capillary diameter of the soil mass, and finally calculating the maximum height of capillary rise. By taking the whole soil-water characteristic curve as a carrier, on the basis of existing research, through a large quantity of experiments and combining with the theory of statistics, the equivalent method of pore size of soil samples with different clay content is obtained by derivation, and a favorable approach is provided for the calculation of the maximum height of capillary rise.