The invention discloses an apparatus and a method for testing cementation capability of well cementation first and second interfaces under high-temperature high-pressure conditions. The apparatus is mainly composed of a kettle body, an outer pressure pump, an inner pressure pump, a heating belt, a surrounding pressure sleeve, an inner pressure pipe, a nitrogen source, a rotor flow meter, an observation conical flask, an outer pressure sensor, an outer galvanic couple, an inner pressure sensor, an inner galvanic couple, a gas-liquid discharge valve and a computer. The method comprises: (1) sleeving an imitated rock core with the surrounding pressure sleeve, putting in the kettle body and pouring a drilling fluid; (2) heating the kettle body, injecting a pressure P1 into the drilling fluid, and maintaining for 3 d to form an artificial mud cake; (3) pouring a cement slurry into an annular space formed by the inner pressure pipe and the imitated rock core, setting the temperature as a downhole temperature T1, pressurizing to a surrounding pressure P2 needed by an experiment, and maintaining for 3 d to form a cement sheath; and (4) pressurizing the interior of the inner pressure pipe to a pressure P3 needed by the experiment, and testing the cementation capability of the first and the second interfaces. The principle is reliable, the apparatus and the method are capable of accurately testing the cementation capability of the well cementation first and second interfaces under the high-temperature high-pressure conditions, and the evaluation result is relatively precise.