892 results about "Rate measurement" patented technology

A method optimizes performance in a data network including a plurality of ingress ports and output queues. Ingress rates of a plurality of flows are monitored, where each flow includes a sequence of packets passing from an ingress port to an output queue and each flow has a profile related to flow characteristics. Each packet is marked with a marking based on criteria including the ingress flow rate and the flow profile. A drop probability of each packet is adjusted at an output queue according to a value of a drop function taken as a function of a queue size. The drop function is selected according to the marking on the packet. The drop functions are zero for queue sizes less than a lower threshold range and positive for queue sizes greater than the lower threshold range. By selecting drop functions according to ingress flow rate measurements and flow profiles, the data network can be optimized for overall system performance.

Flow rate measurement system includes two measurement regions 14,16 located an average axial distance .DELTA.X apart along the pipe 12, the first measurement region 14 having two unsteady pressure sensors 18,20, located a distance X.sub.1 apart, and the second measurement region 16, having two other unsteady pressure sensors 22,24, located a distance X.sub.2 apart, each capable of measuring the unsteady pressure in the pipe 12. Signals from each pair of pressure sensors 18,20 and 22,24 are differenced by summers 44,54, respectively, to form spatial wavelength filters 33,35, respectively. Each spatial filter 33,35 filters out acoustic pressure disturbances P.sub.acoustic and other long wavelength pressure disturbances in the pipe 12 and passes short-wavelength low-frequency vortical pressure disturbances P.sub.vortical associated with the vortical flow field 15. The spatial filters 33,35 provide signals P.sub.as1,P.sub.as2 to band pass filters 46,56 that filter out high frequency signals. The P.sub.vortical -dominated filtered signals P.sub.asf1,P.sub.asf2 from the two regions 14,16 are cross-correlated by Cross-Correlation Logic 50 to determine a time delay .tau. between the two sensing locations 14,16 which is divided into the distance .DELTA.X to obtain a convection velocity U.sub.c(t) that is related to an average flow rate of the fluid (i.e., one or more liquids and/or gases) flowing in the pipe 12. The invention may also be configured to detect the velocity of any desired inhomogeneous pressure field in the flow. The invention may also be combined with an instrument, an opto-electronic converter and a controller in an industrial process control system.

Device and method for limiting adverse events during supplemental oxygen therapy are disclosed. In the present invention, the oxygen flow between a patient and an oxygen source is controlled with a valve such as a proportional solenoid capable of constraining flow-rates within a continuous range. The flow-rate of oxygen is accurately controlled in a closed-loop with flow-rate measurements. Measures of a patient's vital physiological statistics are used to automatically determine optimum therapeutic oxygen flow-rate. Controller signal filtering is disclosed to improve the overall response and stability. The control algorithm varies flow-rates to minimize disturbances in the patient feedback measurements.

Methods for heart rate measurement based on pulse oximetry are provided that can tolerate some degree of relative displacement of a photoplethysmograph (PPG) heart rate monitor device. In some methods, artifact compensation based on a reference signal is performed on the PPG signal data to remove artifacts in the signal that may be caused, for example, by changes in ambient light and/or motion of a person wearing the monitor device. The reference signal used for artifact compensation may be generated using an LED of a complementary wavelength to that of the LED used to generate the PPG signal, or by driving an LED at a lower current than the current applied to generate the PPG signal.

Implantable in vivo sensors used to monitor physical, chemical or electrical parameters within a body. The in vivo sensors are integral with an implantable medical device and are responsive to externally or internally applied energy. Upon application of energy, the sensors undergo a phase change in at least part of the material of the device which is then detected external to the body by conventional techniques such as radiography, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, radio frequency imaging or the like. The in vivo sensors of the present invention may be employed to provide volumetric measurements, flow rate measurements, pressure measurements, electrical measurements, biochemical measurements, temperature, measurements, or measure the degree and type of deposits within the lumen of an endoluminal implant, such as a stent or other type of endoluminal conduit. The in vivo sensors may also be used therapeutically to modulate mechanical and/or physical properties of the endoluminal implant in response to the sensed or monitored parameter.

A flow measuring system is provided that provides at least one of a compensated mass flow rate measurement and a compensated density measurement. The flow measuring system includes a gas volume fraction meter in combination with a coriolis meter. The GVF meter measures acoustic pressures propagating through the fluids to measure the speed of sound α_mix propagating through the fluid to calculate at least gas volume fraction of the fluid and/or the reduced natural frequency. For determining an improved density for the coriolis meter, the calculated gas volume fraction and/or reduced frequency is provided to a processing unit. The improved density is determined using analytically derived or empirically derived density calibration models (or formulas derived therefore), which is a function of the measured natural frequency and at least one of the determined GVF, reduced frequency and speed of sound, or any combination thereof. The gas volume fraction (GVF) meter may include a sensing device having a plurality of strain-based or pressure sensors spaced axially along the pipe for measuring the acoustic pressures propagating through the flow.

Flow rate measurement system includes two measurement regions 14,16 located an average axial distance ΔX apart along the pipe 12, the first measurement region 14 having two unsteady pressure sensors 18,20, located a distance X₁ apart, and the second measurement region 16, having two other unsteady pressure sensors 22,24, located a distance X₂ apart, each capable of measuring the unsteady pressure in the pipe 12. Signals from each pair of pressure sensors 18,20 and 22,24 are differenced by summers 44,54, respectively, to form spatial wavelength filters 33,35, respectively. Each spatial filter 33,35filters out acoustic pressure disturbances P_acoustic and other long wavelength pressure disturbances in the pipe 12 and passes short-wavelength low-frequency vortical pressure disturbances P_vortical associated with the vortical flow field 15. The spatial filters 33,35 provide signals P_as1,P_as2 to band pass filters 46,56 that filter out high frequency signals. The P_vortical-dominated filtered signals P_asf1,P_asf2 from the two regions 14,16 are cross-correlated by Cross-Correlation Logic 50 to determine a time delay τ between the two sensing locations 14,16 which is divided into the distance ΔX to obtain a convection velocity U_c(t) that is related to an average flow rate of the fluid (i.e., one or more liquids and/or gases) flowing in the pipe 12. The invention may also be configured to detect the velocity of any desired inhomogeneous pressure field in the flow. The invention may also be combined with an instrument, an opto-electronic converter and a controller in an industrial process control system.

A gas flow rate measurement apparatus for obtaining a normalized flow rate of a gas having at least one liquid component. The gas travels from an upstream position and in a downstream direction. The gas flow rate measurement apparatus comprises a gas inlet conduit in the upstream position for receiving the gas; a gas flow conditioning section in fluid communication with the gas inlet conduit and in a first downstream position for conditioning the gas to vaporize substantially all of the at least one liquid component without adding any other gas; a flow rate measurement section in fluid communication with the gas flow conditioning section and in a second downstream position more distant from the upstream position than the first downstream position, the flow rate measurement section including at least one sensor for sensing at least one state variable for the gas and generating at least one gas state signal, and a flow rate sensor for measuring an actual flow rate of the gas and generating a flow rate signal, and a processing device operatively coupled to the flow rate measurement section for using the at least one gas state signal and the flow rate signal to obtain the normalized mass flow rate. A related method also is provided.

The invention provides a method for controlled fabrication of a solid state structural feature. In the method, a solid state structure is provided and the structure is exposed to an ion beam, under fabrication process conditions for producing the structural feature. A physical detection species is directed toward a designated structure location, and the rate at which the detection species proceeds from the designated structure location is measured. Detection species rate measurements are fit to a mathematical model, and the fabrication process conditions are controlled, based on the fitted detection species rate measurements, to fabricate the structural feature.

A mass flow rate measurement device which works according to the coriolis principle, and has two measurement tubes (1) and a vibration converter. It is provided that a carrier (2) is mounted on each of the measurement tubes (1) as a pair of carriers, and the vibration converter is made and arranged such that it acts between the pair carriers (2). In this way, a coriolis mass flow rate measurement device which is simple to produce is attained, with measurement tubes (1) which can be located extremely close to one another.

A method and system for pointing and stabilizing a device that needs to be pointed and stabilized with a desired direction, are disclosed, wherein current attitude measurement and attitude rate measurement of the device measured by an attitude producer, which includes an inertial measurement unit, and the desired direction information measured by a target coordinates producer are processed by a pointing controller to compute rotation commands to an actuator. An actuator rotates and stabilizes the device at the desired direction according to the rotation commands in the presence of disturbances and parametric uncertainties to account for the undesired vibration due to disturbances. A visual and voice device provide an operator with visualization and voice indication of the pointing and stabilization procedure of the device.

Aspects of this invention include a rotary steerable steering tool having a sensor arrangement for measuring downhole dynamic conditions. Rotary steerable tools in accordance with this invention include a rotation rate measurement device disposed to measure a difference in rotation rates between a drive shaft and an outer, substantially non-rotating housing. A controller is configured to determine a stick/slip parameter from the rotation rate measurements. Exemplary embodiments may also optionally include a tri-axial accelerometer arrangement deployed in the housing for measuring lateral vibrations and bit bounce. Downhole measurement of stick/slip and other vibration components during drilling advantageously enables corrective measures to be implemented when dangerous dynamic conditions are encountered.

A real-time system for modeling a turbo-charged engine includes a model configured to estimate various exhaust states such as turbine inlet pressure, turbine outlet pressure, turbine outlet temperature, turbine mass flow rate and waste-gate valve mass flow rate. The model is dependent only on the availability of normal operating values available in a conventionally-configured automotive controller and one or more measured intake side parameters such as ambient pressure, boost pressure, ambient temperature and compressor mass flow rate. The model is constructed to reflect a high-level application of energy conservation between the turbine (generated power) and compressor (absorbed power). A method for the indirect measurement of turbine and waste-gate flow uses turbine inlet and outlet pressure, inlet temperature and engine mass air flow rate measurements. A method for the indirect measurement of turbine efficiency avoids the need for manufacturer's turbine data.

An infusion pump and method are provided which combine flow rate measurements calibrated by accurate volume measurements over time.

A Coriolis mass flow measuring device includes a vibratory measuring transducer having at least one measuring tube, which has medium flowing through it during operation. In operation, the measuring tube is caused by an exciter arrangement to undergo mechanical oscillations, especially bending oscillations. Additionally, the Coriolis mass flow measuring device includes a sensor arrangement for producing oscillation measurement signals (s₁, S₂) representing the inlet-end and outlet-end oscillations of the measuring tube. Measuring device electronics controlling the exciter arrangement produces an exciter current (i_exc) and an intermediate value (X′_m) derived from the oscillation measurement signals (s₁, s₂). This intermediate value represents an uncorrected mass flow. Derived from the exciter current and/or from a component of the exciter current (i_exc), an intermediate value (X₂) is produced, which corresponds to a damping of the oscillations of the measuring tube. This damping is especially a function of an apparent viscosity, and/or a viscosity-density product, of the medium guided in the measuring tube. Furthermore, a correction value (X_K) is produced for the intermediate value (X′_m) utilizing the intermediate value (X₂) and a viscosity measurement value (X_η) determined initially or during operation. The viscosity measurement value (X_η) corresponds to a viscosity of the medium guided in the measuring tube and/or to a predetermined reference viscosity. On the basis of the intermediate value (X′_m) and the correction value (X_K), the measuring device electronics then produces an exact mass flow rate measurement value (X_m).

The invention discloses an optimal energy-saving method for controlling the surface pollutant discharge of a steam boiler. The method comprises the steps of firstly controlling the flow of pollutant discharge according to the steam flow proportionally, and continuously diluting water in the steam boiler as required; on this basis, configuring a conductivity close loop control circuit to prevent the influences, such as water supply salinity fluctuation, flow rate measurement error, boiler bottom periodic pollutant discharge and the like, and coupling the both by an addition logic unit so as to form a feedforward-feedback complex control system. The invention can prevent various interferences, stably keep the salinity of the water in the steam boiler above the desired level, and realize the optimal energy-saving and emission-reducing effects by the least pollutant discharge amount.

Apparatus for measuring the composition and flow rate of a fluid (1) comprising a mixture of e.g. oil and water in a pipe (2), wherein an integrated mechanical structure (3) serves as a microwave resonator sensor for providing permittivity measurements and where the mechanical structure also functions as a differential pressure element for providing flow rate measurements.

The present invention discloses a full-autonomous underground pipeline measurement system based on an inertia technology, and the system consists of an in-pipe measurement unit, an external control unit, and a data information processing unit. The in-pipe measurement unit is arranged into a pipeline being measured and is caused to move along the central axle line of the pipeline, the three dimensional information of the pipeline can be completely gotten through measuring the moving track of the in-pipe measurement unit. The system adopts a strapped-down inertial navigation technology to measure the course heading and the attitude angle of the in-pipe measurement unit (carrier), the angular motion information of the carrier is measured according to the gyro output angle rate, each instant accurate location of the carrier can be analyzed according to the integrated angle and the displacement information, thereby the three dimensional information of the pipeline can be obtained. The operation of the in-pipe measurement unit is irrelevant to the external factor such as depth, location, peripheral electromagnetic field, etc., not limited by other conditions, the integrated course angle, the attitude angle, and the instant location information of a navigation principle are applied to any depth, and the three dimensional information of the pipeline waiting for measuring can be independently measured.

The invention provides a device and a method for real simulation of underground environments, completeness maintaining of experiment equipment, and accurate and omnibearing evaluation of completeness of a cement sheath. The device mainly comprises an upper end cap, a lower end cap, an outer pipe, a middle pipe, the cement sheath, a sleeve pipe, a long source distance sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT (segmented bond tool)) and a high-temperature and high-pressure kettle. The method comprises the following steps of utilizing the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle to simulate the stratum temperature pressure of the curing and forming of the cement sheath; loading and unloading an inner annulus and an outer annulus, so as to simulate the actions of change of well shaft pressure and stratum pressure on the cement sheath under the actual working condition; utilizing a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the SBT to continuously transmit and receive acoustic wave signals, and performing the omnibearing and high-resolution compensation type attenuation rate measurement, so as to obtain the bonding qualities of a first interface and a second interface of the cement sheath of the well cementing cement sheath under the actual stratum environment, and the amounts, sizes and bearings of cracks and channeling in the cement sheath. The device and the method have the advantage that the underground environment can be really simulated in the omnibearing way, so as to accurately and efficiently evaluate the completeness of the well cementing cement sheath, provide the new method and basis for indoor cement slurry evaluation systems and sites to take the targeted measures, and improve the well cementing quality.