635 results about "Apparent viscosity" patented technology

A system and method for treating bone abnormalities including vertebral compression fractures and the like. In one vertebroplasty method, a fill material is injected under high pressures into cancellous bone wherein the fill material includes a flowable bone cement component and an elastomeric polymer component that is carried therein. The elastomer component can further carry microscale or mesoscale reticulated elements. Under suitable injection pressures, the elastomeric component ultimately migrates within the flowable material to alter the apparent viscosity across the plume of fill material to accomplish multiple functions. For example, the differential in apparent viscosity across the fill material creates a broad load-distributing layer within cancellous bone for applying retraction forces to cortical bone endplates. The differential in apparent viscosity also transitions into a flow impermeable layer at the interface of cancellous bone and the flowable material to prevent extravasion of the flowable bone cement component.

The invention discloses an acrylamide modified graft copolymer and a preparation method and usage thereof. The invention is characterized in that 20 parts of acrylamide, 1-20 anionic monomer and/or cationic monomer, 0.1-15 macromonomer, 0.05-10 ionic lyophobic monomer and 50-1000 deionized water are added into a three-necked reaction bottle, the pH value is adjusted to be 3-9, N2 is introduced for 30min, then 0.002-0.5 part of initiator persulfate is added at 30-75 DEG C, the reaction lasts 8-36h, then copolymer PAB is obtained, and finally water is used for dilution to obtain strong PAB solution. During polymerization, no surfactant is used, and the macromonomer with a long chain and the ionic lyophobic monomer with intermolecular association function are introduced into the copolymer PAB, so the capabilities of cooperative tackification and salt-resistance between the rigid conformation of a molecular chain and the intermolecular association can be played optimally, the PAB exhibits unique solution property and has higher colloidal viscosity in high saline solution than in fresh water, and the PAB obtains the capabilities of tackification, salt resistance, low surface tension and strong molecular association and can be used for the oil-displacing acrylamide modified graft copolymer. The copolymer is prepared into water solution with mass concentration of 0.2-3.0g/L and surfactant concentration of 0.01-2 mmol/L, then the water solution is added into a mixing vessel by a stirring device, and then a polymer oil-displacing agent with tackification, salt resistance and cutting resistance is obtained. The PAB has the functions of both a tackifier and a macromolecule surfactant. The copolymer PAB is prepared into water solution which has mass concentration of 0.05-7%, so the macromolecule surfactant with excellent surface activeness can be obtained and then applicable to an emulsifier, an emulsion splitter, a solubilizer and a wetting agent.

A resin composition exhibiting excellent antistaticity and static charge dissipating performance and having extremely small variations of antistatic properties (saturated static voltage and half-life period of static voltage) on the surface of a molded article and a transportation jig for electronic field made of the above resin composition are provided by using a resin composition produced by compounding (A) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin with (B) 1 to 30 parts by weight of a carbon fiber having a diameter of 1 nm to 1 mum, a length of 1 mum to 3 mm and a volume resistivity of smaller than 1 OMEGAcm and (C) 5 to 200 parts by weight of an antistatic polymer having a surface resistivity of 108 to 1011OMEGA (measured under impressed voltage of 500V), a melting point of 100° C. or above, an apparent melt viscosity of 10 to 1,000 Pa.s at apparent shear rate of 1,000 sec-1 at 260° C. and an apparent melt viscosity ratio of the antistatic polymer to the thermoplastic resin of 0.01 to 1.3 under the above condition.

A biodegradable, substantially continuous filament is provided. The filament contains a first component formed from at least one high melting polyester and a second component formed from at least one low melting polyester. The low melting point polyester is an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester formed by melt blending a polymer and an alcohol to initiate an alcoholysis reaction that results in a copolyester having one or more hydroxyalkyl or alkyl terminal groups. By selectively controlling the alcoholysis conditions (e.g., alcohol and copolymer concentrations, catalysts, temperature, etc.), a modified aliphatic-aromatic copolyester may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting aliphatic-aromatic polymer. Such lower molecular weight polymers also have the combination of a higher melt flow index and lower apparent viscosity, which is useful in the formation of substantially continuous filaments.

A fiber formed from a thermoplastic composition that contains a thermoplastic starch and an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is provided. The copolyester enhances the strength of the starch-containing fibers and also facilitates the ability of the starch to be melt processed. Due to its relatively low melting point, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyester may also be extruded with the thermoplastic starch at a temperature that is low enough to avoid substantial removal of the moisture found in the starch. Furthermore, the aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is also modified with an alcohol so that it contains one or more hydroxyalkyl or alkyl terminal groups. By selectively controlling the conditions of the alcoholysis reaction (e.g., alcohol and copolymer concentrations, temperature, etc.), the resulting modified aliphatic-aromatic copolyester may have a molecular weight that is relatively low. Such low molecular weight polymers have the combination of a higher melt flow index and lower apparent viscosity, which is useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.

A method for forming a biodegradable polylactic acid suitable for use in fibers is provided. Specifically, a polylactic acid is melt processed at a controlled water content to initiate a hydrolysis reaction. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that the hydroxyl groups present in water are capable of attacking the ester linkage of polylactic acids, thereby leading to chain scission or “depolymerization” of the polylactic acid molecule into one or more shorter ester chains. The shorter chains may include polylactic acids, as well as minor portions of lactic acid monomers or oligomers, and combinations of any of the foregoing. By selectively controlling the hydrolysis conditions (e.g., moisture and polymer concentrations, temperature, shear rate, etc.), a hydrolytically degraded polylactic acid may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting polymer. Such lower molecular weight polymers have a higher melt flow rate and lower apparent viscosity, which are useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.

A Coriolis mass flow measuring device includes a vibratory measuring transducer having at least one measuring tube, which has medium flowing through it during operation. In operation, the measuring tube is caused by an exciter arrangement to undergo mechanical oscillations, especially bending oscillations. Additionally, the Coriolis mass flow measuring device includes a sensor arrangement for producing oscillation measurement signals (s₁, S₂) representing the inlet-end and outlet-end oscillations of the measuring tube. Measuring device electronics controlling the exciter arrangement produces an exciter current (i_exc) and an intermediate value (X′_m) derived from the oscillation measurement signals (s₁, s₂). This intermediate value represents an uncorrected mass flow. Derived from the exciter current and/or from a component of the exciter current (i_exc), an intermediate value (X₂) is produced, which corresponds to a damping of the oscillations of the measuring tube. This damping is especially a function of an apparent viscosity, and/or a viscosity-density product, of the medium guided in the measuring tube. Furthermore, a correction value (X_K) is produced for the intermediate value (X′_m) utilizing the intermediate value (X₂) and a viscosity measurement value (X_η) determined initially or during operation. The viscosity measurement value (X_η) corresponds to a viscosity of the medium guided in the measuring tube and/or to a predetermined reference viscosity. On the basis of the intermediate value (X′_m) and the correction value (X_K), the measuring device electronics then produces an exact mass flow rate measurement value (X_m).

The invention discloses a non-linear associated water soluble quadripolymer as well as a preparation method and use thereof, comprising: adding 20 parts of acrylamide, 1-20 parts of nionic monomer or/and cationic monomer, 0.1-15 parts of macromonomer, 0.05-10 parts of hydrophobic monomer, 0.1-50 parts of surfactant and 60-1000 parts of deionized water to a three-necked reaction flask, adjusting the pH to be 3-9, adding 0.002-1 part of initiator (persulphate) at 30-75 DEG C after introducing N2 for 30min, reacting for 8-36h to obtain the quadripolymer PACH, diluting with water, and obtaining concentrated PACH solution. The macromonomer with a long chain and the hydrophobic monomer with a molecular association function are simultaneously introduced in a copolymer PACH, which can obtain the best synergistic viscosifying between rigid conformation of a molecular chain and molecular association and salt resistance. The non-linear associated water soluble quadripolymer is obtained. The copolymer is prepared into aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-3g/l and the surfactant concentration of 0.01-2mmol/l, added to a mixing vessel with a stirring device and evenly stirred at the room temperature to obtain a viscosified, salt-resistant and shear-resistant polymer oil displacement agent. The PACH has dual functions of a viscosifier and a high molecular surfactant; minute amount of a low molecular surfactant is added to the PACH solution, thus improving the apparent viscosity of the solution, reducing the surface tension of solution and the water-oil interfacial tension, and being beneficial to improving the crude oil recovery ratio. A copolymer PABE is prepared into the aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.05-7% to obtain high molecular surfactant with excellent surface activity, and the high molecular surfactant is used as an emulsifier, a demulsifier, a solubilizer and a wetting agent.

The invention discloses a comb-type structural reactive polymer with the molecular weight ranging between 1x10<5> and 5x10<6>, wherein the main chain of the reactive polymer is obtained through the copolymerization of acrylamide monomer and functional monomers such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and acrylic acid sodium salt, etc., which endues polymer aqueous solution with higher apparent viscosity and better temperature resistance and salt resistance; and the branched chain of the reactive polymer consists of unsaturated macromonomer molecule, which endues the polymer aqueous solution with higher surface activity. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the polymer, comprising the following steps: firstly, through process operation including esterification, prepolymerization and sulfonation, polyurethanes active macromonomer with a novel structure is prepared; then, under the action of oxidation reduction initiator, the copolymerization reaction of the active macromonomer and other functional micromolecule monomers is initiated quickly at low temperature. The comb-type structural reactive polymer can be used as oil displacement agent and has the advantages of high molecular weight and low surface tension, etc.

The invention discloses high-density sludge slurry and preparing method, which comprises the following parts: 100-200wt% coal powder, 10-50wt% sludge with water, 10-100wt% water, 1-5wt% water, 1-5wt% addictive and 1-5wt% sludge modifying agent.

The invention relates to the technical field of heavy oil recovery, in particular to a foam agent system used for switching water drive into steam drive of a heavy oil reservoir or steam huff and puff to improve the oil recovery efficiency. According to the technical scheme, the temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant foaming agent system for thermal recovery of the heavy oil reservoir is characterized by comprising a foaming agent base, a foam stabilizer, a foam fixing agent, a foam promoter, an alkali substance, inorganic salt and a solvent. The foaming agent system can resist the temperature of 350 DEG C and has good thermal stability and better foamability; the foaming agent base in the system is lower than the critical micelle concentration and can produce more foam, the apparent viscosity is substantially increased, and the cost is saved; the foaming agent system has better solubility, causes little damage to formation and is environment-friendly.

The invention provides a water-coal-slurry additive and a preparation method thereof. The additive is compounded by anionic surfactant naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensation product sodium salt, lignosulphonate and non-ionic surfactant alkylphenol polyethenoxy ether (methyl) acrylic ester according to mass ratio of 8:1:1 to 1:8:1. The invention uses the naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensation product sodium salt, lignosulphonate and alkylphenol polyethenoxy ether (methyl) acrylic ester in the preparation technology of water-coal-slurry, and the additive has wide adaptability to coal, in particular to coal with low degree of metamorphism. When ternary compound additive reaches 0.1-1wt percent of the weight (dry basis) of the coal, the water-coal-slurry with the content of coal dust being 62-70wt percent can be prepared. The slurry has good fluidity, lower apparent viscosity and favorable steady state stability. The ternary compound additive is simple in production process, excellent in performance and wide in the range of applicable coal.

The invention provides a method for preparing an improved fibrino spinning original solution that ion liquid is used as solvent, which includes: two phases of swelling and dissolution, namely, placing dried fibrino dissolving pulp and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole villaumite with 1%-20% water ratio into a dissolution device for uniform mixing, firstly, leaving and swelling in 70-100 DEG. C, then stronger stirring for swelling to plasm shape without dissolution; secondly, raising temperature to 80-125 DEG. C slowly in stirring state, stirring and reducing pressure distillation for removing water component, fibrino can be dissolved completely after 2-8h; finally, reducing stirring speed, and reducing temperature of plasm to 90-100 DEG. C and keeping 30-60 min for obtaining straw yellow spinning original solution. The method provided by the invention has advantages that the spinning original solution is more uniform, dissolution is more fully, gelatin particle in the spinning original solution is reduced, the spinning original solution quality is increased; apparent viscosity of the spinning original solution is reduced, accordingly, solid content in the spinning original solution is increased further.

Prior to a hydraulic fracturing treatment, the estimated fracture length may be estimated with knowledge of certain physical properties of the proppant and transport fluid such as fluid viscosity, proppant size and specific gravity of the transport slurry as well as fracture geometry and the treatment injection rate. The estimated fracture length may be determined by the equation:

(D_PST)^B=q_i×(1/A)×C_TRANS×(d²_prop)×(1/μ_fluid)×(ΔSG_PS)   (I)

wherein:

• • D_PST is thus the estimated propped fracture length;
  • B is the exponent from the Power Law equation describing the transport slurry velocity vs. distance for the fracture geometry;
  • q_i is the injection rate per foot of injection height, bpm/ft.; and
  • A is the multiplier from the Power Law equation describing the transport slurry velocity vs. distance for the fracture geometry;
  • C_TRANS, the transport coefficient, is the slope of the linear regression of the I_SP vs. MHV_ST.

d_prop is the median proppant diameter, in mm.;

• • μ_fluid is the apparent viscosity of the transport fluid, in cP; and
  • Δ SG_PS is SG_prop−SG_fluid, SG_prop being the specific gravity of the proppant and
  • SG_fluid being the specific gravity of the transport fluid.

The minimum horizontal flow velocity, MHV_ST, for transport of the transport slurry based upon the terminal settling velocity of the proppant, V_t, may be determined in accordance with Equation (II):

MHV_ST, =V_t×10   (II)

Via rearrangements of the same derived equations, a model for optimizing the transport fluid, proppant, and/or treating parameters necessary to achieve a desired propped fracture length may further be determined.

A method for forming a biodegradable polylactic acid suitable for use in fibers is provided. In one embodiment, for example, a polylactic acid is melt blended with an alcohol to initiate an alcoholysis reaction that results in a polylactic acid having one or more hydroxyalkyl or alkyl terminal groups. By selectively controlling the alcoholysis conditions (e.g., alcohol and polymer concentrations, catalysts, temperature, etc.), a modified polylactic acid may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting polylactic acid. Such lower molecular weight polymers also have the combination of a higher melt flow index and lower apparent viscosity, which is useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.

The preparation process of aromatic mata-polyamide with raised fire resistance includes mixing m-phenylene-diamine and R, R'-dismino diphenylsulfone and dissolveing in solvent to compound solution in certain concentration, cooling to -10 deg.c to 0 deg.c, adding m-phenyldimethyl acyl chloride to produce condensation while controlling the reaction temperature in 0-40 deg.c until the solution reaches the target apparent viscosity to obtain aromatic mata-polyamide with raised fire resistance. The present invention has raised production efficiency, lowered production cost, raised vitrification point and raised strength and module of subsequent product.

The invention relates to a new method for forming manual well walls in an oil and gas wells by water-absorbing resin. In the method, the water-absorbing resin is mixed with freshwater or saline to form a well completion fluid or a workover fluid; the water-absorbing resin is starch-type water-absorbing resin or cellulose-type water-absorbing resin or synthetic water-absorbing resin and comprises the following components by weight percentage: 1 to 2% of water-absorbing resin, 0.2 to 0.5% of water-absorbing initiator, 0.2 to 0.5% of colloid protective agent, and the remaining quantity of water or monovalent saline. The density of the water-absorbing resin well-completion fluid or the workover fluid can be adjusted by adding monovalent salt NaCl or KCl; the solution apparent viscosity can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the water-absorbing resin; and the dosage of the well completion fluid or the workover fluid can be designed according to the volume of a shaft. In the method, the physical and the chemical changes can occur under the high temperature to form a manual well wall, namely a gelatine temporary plugging layer; therefore, the bearing capability of the high-and low-pressure stratum can be effectively improved; the leakage of the well completion fluid or the workover fluid can be prevented at the producing layer, the operation safety and the capacity of the oil and gas well can be ensured, the construction technology is simple, and the cost is relatively low.

The invention relates to a high temperature resistant cleansing emulsion or microemulsion fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof. The emulsion fracturing fluid is composed of a continuous oil phase, a polymer (I)-containing dispersed water phase and an emulsifier. The preparation method of the emulsion fracturing fluid includes: preparing a mixed solution of the oil phase and the emulsifier, preparing a four-monomer containing water phase, conducting a polymerization reaction in the presence of an initiating agent, and other steps. The product provided in the invention has low apparent viscosity, and can dissolve rapidly. When the emulsion dissolves into gel, the emulsifier can have a synergistic effect with an association polymer, thus further improving and maintaining the viscosity, and helping to prevent leak-off and help flowback. An oxidation gel breaking way is employed for gel breaking, the gel can be completely broken, and the gel breaking solution has low viscosity and contains no residue. The emulsion fracturing fluid is easy to undergo flowback, and has low damage to the stratum.

An electro-rheologic vibration absorber with damping continuously adjustable function in air charging type is prepared as embedding columnar electro-rheologic spring and compressing valve as well as drawing valve in piston of said absorber, setting oil channel on piston to let hydraulic oil flow in reciprocation way, using float piston to divide cylinder to be two parts of up oil chamber and down air chamber, setting piston rod to be hollow structure being used to pass wire to be connected with electro-rheologic spring and charging electro-rheologic fluid with apparent viscosity being controlled by externally exerted magnetic field in said spring.

The invention discloses a coal water slurry addition agent, a preparation method thereof and coal water slurry based on the same. The addition agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55-90% of dispersant, 5-44% of stabilizer and 0.1-5% of PH regulator; the dispersant is one or mixture of several of polystyrene sulfonate and polyacrylate; the stabilizer is Arabic gum; and the PH regulator is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The coal water slurry adopting the addition agent is the coal powder water slurry with the concentration of 68 percent which is prepared by enabling the weight of the addition agent to be 0.5-1.2% of the weight of dry-base coal powder, adding water and stirring well. The coal water slurry addition agent has good dispersibility and stability, the raw materials for preparing the addition agent has wide source and low cost, the preparation method is simple and easy to realize, and the addition agent has wide application range for coal types, low cost, low concentration and good stability. The coal water slurry which is prepared by adopting the addition agent has the apparent viscosity of 760mPa.s and can be stably stored for more than 30 days at 25DEG C and at the shear rate of 100S-1.

A wood adhesive made from isocyanate which is starch base water based polymer is made into main agent consisting of 40 portions to 65 portions of composite modified corn starch emulsion, 8 portions to15 portions of dibasic acid esterifying agent, and 10 portions to 30 portions of polyvinyl alcohol; polymerization isocyanate that is not closed is used for curing agent. The type I and II nonformadehyde with different compression-shear strength are adhesive. The type I repeatedly boiling, type II impregnation in hot water and type II normal state, etc., can be made when being used. The adhesive can be widely applied to wood or bamboo adhesive products such as multi-layer plywood, three-layer wood or bamboo parquet floor, a multi-layer wood parquet floor, a block board, bending wood furniture, a particle board and so on, characterized by inimitable design, low making cost, a long activity period, low apparent viscosity, an easily available equipment, good prepressing performance, easy operation, and no environment pollution. Ecological environmental benefits social and economic benefits come into being after the application and popularization of the product.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-stability heat-resistance and salt-tolerance air foam oil displacing agent. According to the method, a nanometer and nanometer modification technology is adopted, and nanometer hectorite is used as a foam stabilizer and a high-temperature stabilizer to prepare the high-stability heat-resistance and salt-tolerance air foam oil displacing agent. The technology includes the following steps that the hectorite is added into deionized water at the temperature of 50-90 DEG C, stirred and dispersed evenly, cooled to the room temperature and stewed and aged for a period of time to obtain hectorite aqueous dispersion, quantitative cationic surface active agents are added, evenly stirred, stewed and aged, finally, foaming agents are added, high-speed stirring is conducted on a high-speed emulsification machine, and the high-stability heat-resistance and salt-tolerance air foam oil displacing agent is obtained. The foam half-life period reaches up to 768 hours, the high foam stability is achieved, the foam half-life period reaches up to 70 hours under the condition that the degree of mineralization is 30000 mg/L, the good salt tolerance is achieved, the apparent viscosity reaches up to 2000 mPa.s, the heat resistance performance reaches 90 DEG C, the high foam strength and the heat resistance are achieved, the shearing rate is 170 per second, the foam apparent viscosity reaches 800 mPa.s after shearing is conducted for 60 minutes, the good shearing performance is achieved, and the method is suitable for exploration and development of conventional and unconventional oil fields.