8126results about How to "Reduce surface tension" patented technology

A substrate treatment method is provided, which includes: an organic solvent replacing step of supplying an organic solvent, whereby a liquid film of the organic solvent is formed on the substrate as covering the upper surface of the substrate to replace a rinse liquid with the organic solvent; a substrate temperature increasing step of allowing the temperature of the upper surface of the substrate to reach a first temperature level higher than the boiling point of the organic solvent after the formation of the organic solvent liquid film, whereby a vapor film of the organic solvent is formed below the entire organic solvent liquid film between the organic solvent liquid film and the substrate to levitate the organic solvent liquid film above the organic solvent vapor film; and an organic solvent removing step of removing the levitated organic solvent liquid film from above the upper surface of the substrate.

A cushioning element that has a number of substantially parallel elongate columns which buckle under an appropriate load. The cushioning element may be formed from a soft, easily deformable elastic or visco-elastic cushioning media. As a force is exerted against the cushioning element generally parallel to a column, the cushioning media may compress, and eventually the walls of the column may buckle. This equalizes pressure across the contact area of the object being cushioned.

The present invention comprises methods and compositions comprising metal nanoparticles. The invention comprises metal nanoparticles and surfaces treated with a metal nanoparticle coating. The present invention further comprises compositions for preparing nanoparticles comprising at least one stabilizing agent, one or more metal compounds, at least one reducing agent and a solvent. In one aspect, the stabilizing agent comprises a surfactant or a polymer. The polymer may comprise polymers such as polyacrylamides, polyurethanes, and polyamides. In one aspect, the metal compound comprises a salt comprising a metal cation and an anion. The anion may comprise saccharinate derivatives, long chain fatty acids, and alkyl dicarboxylates.

An absorbent article having an ultimate fluid storage region and a fluid distribution region, positioned between the ultimate storage region and the garment oriented surface of the article, in fluid communication with the ultimate fluid storage region, the ultimate fluid storage region includes a material which has: (1) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Capacity at 100 cm (CSDC 100) of at least 10 g / g; (2) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Capacity at 0 cm (CSDC 0) higher than the CSDC 100; (3) a Loosely Bound Liquid Capacity (LBLC); and (4) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Release Height when 50% of the LBLC are released (CSDRH 50) less than 60 cm. Further, the liquid distribution layer material has a Capillary Sorption Absorption Height at 30% of its maximum capacity (CSAH 30) of at least 35 cm. Distribution material can be foam materials, particularly those derived from high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions.

A tube for implantation into the eye for replacement conduction of aqueous humor from the chambers of the eyeball to the subconjunctival tissue and ultimately to the venous system is comprised of an elongated fluid conducting conduit having distal and proximate ends, a sidewall and an interior passageway and at least one longitudinally extending opening in the sidewall that exposes the interior passageway and at least one nidi-forming structure carried by the conduit and extending laterally therefrom to implement the formation of at least one aqueous filtration bleb in the tissue of the eyeball. In one embodiment, the tube also contains at least one releasable ligature circumscribing the conduit. In another embodiment, the tube also contains an anchor appended to the conduit to prevent it from migrating from its placement site.

The present invention is directed to articles comprising nanofibers. Preferred articles include diapers, training pants, adult incontinence pads, catamenials products such as feminine care pads and pantiliners, tampons, personal cleansing articles, personal care articles, and personal care wipes including baby wipes, facial wipes, body wipes, and feminine wipes. The nanofiber webs can be used as a barrier, wipe, absorbent material, and other uses. The nanofibers, having a diameter of less than 1 micron, must comprise a significant number of the fibers in at least one nanofiber layer of the nonwoven web. The nonwoven web may have a hydrohead to basis weight ratio of greater than about 10 mbar / gsm. The nanofibers may be produced from a melt film fibrillation process.

The invention relates to an aerogel composite material, in particular to a glass fiber reinforced silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof. The excellent properties of aerogel are maintained, the mechanical properties of the aerogel are reinforced, and the glass fiber reinforced silicon dioxide aerogel composite material has good integrity and certain strength. The glass fiber reinforced silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is prepared by compounding glass fiber and silicon dioxide aerogel, wherein the glass fiber is a reinforcement, and the content ofthe glass fiber accounts for 1-15% total mass of a sample; the silicon dioxide aerogel is a matrix, tetraethoxysilane is a silicon source material, and methyltrimethoxysilane or methyltriethoxysilaneis used as a silicon source co-precursor. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, pretreating the glass fiber; then, preparing glass fiber reinforced silicon dioxide composite wet gel; and finally, aging, secondarily modifying and drying the silicon dioxide composite wet gel.

Methods and devices are provided for high-throughput printing of semiconductor precursor layer from microflake particles. In one embodiment, the method comprises of transforming non-planar or planar precursor materials in an appropriate vehicle under the appropriate conditions to create dispersions of planar particles with stoichiometric ratios of elements equal to that of the feedstock or precursor materials, even after settling. In particular, planar particles disperse more easily, form much denser coatings (or form coatings with more interparticle contact area), and anneal into fused, dense films at a lower temperature and / or time than their counterparts made from spherical nanoparticles. These planar particles may be microflakes that have a high aspect ratio. The resulting dense film formed from microflakes is particularly useful in forming photovoltaic devices. In one embodiment, at least one set of the particles in the ink may be inter-metallic flake particles (microflake or nanoflake) containing at least one group IB-IIIA inter-metallic alloy phase.

The present invention relates to novel polymeric compositions that exhibit Reverse Thermal Gelation (RTG) properties for use as Support Materials (SM) in the manufacture of three-dimensional objects. These polymers are Temperature Sensitive Polymers that respond with a significant change of properties to a small change in temperature. Temperature Sensitive Polymers exhibit cloud point (CP) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solutions. Water-soluble Temperature Sensitive Polymers are chosen to give low viscosity liquid at low temperature when dissolved in water and by that to permit easy dispensing at low temperature. Raising the temperature above their gelation temperature (Tgel) will result in solidification of the composition. At its gel position the material has favorable characteristics as a support and building material. The gel layers have the appropriate toughness and dimensional stability to support the model layers during the building process. After the building process is completed the gel can be cooled down to a temperature below its Tgel so the gel can liquefy and be removed easily by rinsing with water.

The invention discloses a road dust suppressant, which is prepared by mixing and blending 0.1-2.0% of water-soluble high molecular polymer, 20-50% of moisture absorption humectant, 1.0-5.0% of preservative, 0.5-5.0% of penetrating agent and the balance water. The road dust suppressant is a dynamic dust-proof and dust-suppressing liquid product which combines functions of wetting, bonding, permeating, adsorbing moisture and the like into a whole and has extremely strong pressurization-resistant function. The road dust suppressant has the advantages of obvious anti-evaporation performance and good water retention hygroscopicity, and dust on the road surface can be coagulated and is unlikely to fly. The road dust suppressant disclosed by the invention not only can be applied to road dust suppressing but also can be simultaneously used for the aspects, such as the mine exploration and transportation environment, storage yards of coal ash, coal and other ores, and the treatments of municipal construction earthwork dust raise.

The present invention is directed to a new foamed elastomer composition including elastomer, hollow fillers, and reinforced fillers for supporting the conducting wires in the test probes for wafer level testing and burn in and interposer connector applications. The thermally stable elastomer resin is mixed with hollow fillers and reinforced fillers before filling into the probe or connector mold with an array of elongated conducting wires, then is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent and a catalyst. The use of compressible hollow fillers to foam the elastomer has been successful to enhance the compliance and resilience, and to reduce the thermal expansion, density, and dielectric constant of the elastomer.

A differentially coated device for conducting a plurality of nano-volume specified reactions, the device comprising a platen having at least one exterior surface modified to a specified physicochemical property, a plurality of nano-volume channels, each nano-volume channel having at least one interior surface in communication with the at least one exterior surface that is selectively coated with an optionally dissolvable coating agent physisorbed to at least one interior surface, wherein the optionally dissolvable coating agent comprises a coating agent and a first component for the plurality of specified reactions. Methods for preparing and using such devices are also provided, as well as a method of registering a location of a dispenser array in relation to a microfluidic array. A first one of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array is movable in relation to the frame, and the other of the first one of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array is fixed relative to the frame. Quantities related to a vector displacement from the alignment position to a fixed position on the one of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array is determined. The quantities thus determined are used to guide positioning of the dispenser array relative to the microfluidic array.

A cushion that includes a cushioning element. The cushioning element has a number of substantially parallel elongate columns formed in a soft, easily deformable elastic or visco-elastic cushioning media. The columns are configured so that when a force is applied to the cushioning element in a direction that is generally parallel to the longitudinal axes of the columns, the cushioning element will yield by compressability or deformability of the cushioning media, bucklability of the walls of the columns, or a combination of both. In particular, the walls of columns which are located beneath a protruberance on an object being cushioned tend to buckle, permitting the cushioning element to conform to the shape of the cushioned object while evenly distributing a supporting force across the contact area of the cushioned object and avoiding pressure peaks. The preferred cushioning media is a gelatinous elastomer or gelatinous viscoelastomer. Various configurations of cushioning elements, including sidewall supports, are disclosed.

Described are fluorochemical surfactants derived from nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride that contain polyalkyleneoxy side chains and may be copolymerized with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to form polyacrylates or polymethacrylates. The surfactants surprisingly lower the surface tension of water and other liquids in the same or similar low values achieved by premier surfactants such as those derived from perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride.

Methods and devices are provided for high-throughput printing of semiconductor precursor layer from microflake particles. In one embodiment, a solar cell is provided that comprises of a substrate, a back electrode formed over the substrate, a p-type semiconductor thin film formed over the back electrode, an n-type semiconductor thin film formed so as to constitute a pn junction with the p-type semiconductor thin film, and a transparent electrode formed over the n-type semiconductor thin film. The p-type semiconductor thin film results by processing a dense film formed from a plurality of microflakes having a material composition containing at least one element from Groups IB, IIIA, and / or VIA, wherein the dense film has a void volume of about 26% or less. The dense film may be a substantially void free film.

Methods and devices are provided for high-throughput printing of semiconductor precursor layer from microflake particles. In one embodiment, the method comprises of transforming non-planar or planar precursor materials in an appropriate vehicle under the appropriate conditions to create dispersions of planar particles with stoichiometric ratios of elements equal to that of the feedstock or precursor materials, even after settling. In particular, planar particles disperse more easily, form much denser coatings (or form coatings with more interparticle contact area), and anneal into fused, dense films at a lower temperature and / or time than their counterparts made from spherical nanoparticles. These planar particles may be microflakes that have a high aspect ratio. The resulting dense film formed from microflakes are particularly useful in forming photovoltaic devices. In one embodiment, at least one set of the particles in the ink may be inter-metallic flake particles (microflake or nanoflake) containing at least one group IB-IIIA inter-metallic alloy phase.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a silica aerogel material and relates to the method for preparing the aerogel material, in particular to the method for rapidly preparing a transparent SiO2 aerogel by being based on the sol-gel technology and adopting secondary modification and normal pressure drying. The invention provides the method for preparing the silica aerogel material, and the method has simple technology, short cycle, low cost and good safety and is conductive to large-scale production. Tetraethoxysilane is adopted as a silicon source, methyl trimethoxysilane or methyl triethoxysilane is taken as a modifier of a co-precursor, anhydrous ethanol is taken as a solvent, and hydrochloric acid and ammonia are taken as catalysts. The sol-gel acid-base two-step method is adopted for catalysis, thereby preparing the SiO2 wet gel; and the further modification is carried out on a wet gel sample after aging treatment under certain conditions, and the normal pressure low-temperature drying is finally carried out in air atmosphere, thereby preparing the SiO2 aerogel. The equipment cost during the preparation technology is low, the product has good performances and the reaction process is controllable.

Methods and devices are provided for transforming non-planar or planar precursor materials in an appropriate vehicle under the appropriate conditions to create dispersions of planar particles with stoichiometric ratios of elements equal to that of the feedstock or precursor materials, even after selective forces settling. In particular, planar particles disperse more easily, form much denser coatings (or form coatings with more interparticle contact area), and anneal into fused, dense films at a lower temperature and / or time than their counterparts made from spherical nanoparticles. These planar particles may be nanoflakes that have a high aspect ratio. The resulting dense films formed from nanoflakes are particularly useful in forming photovoltaic devices.

The invention discloses a method for preparing aerogel materials by combining hydrothermal synthesis technology and sol-gel technology. The prepared aerogel comprises one or more of alumina aerogel, silica aerogel, zirconia aerogel and titania aerogel. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a reactant and a structure-directing agent according to certain proportion, and adding a pH value control agent to adjust the pH value; sealing hydrothermal reaction equipment, heating the mixture to be between 50 and 280 DEG C, making the mixture stand for 0 to 72 hours, raising the temperature to be between 60 and 300 DEG C, and continuously reacting for 0.1 to 72 hours; and cooling gel, taking out the gel, drying the gel and obtaining the aerogel. Compared with the prior art, the method has low reaction temperature and pressure, small equipment investment and simple and controllable technology, reduces potential safety hazards, greatly improves the preparation speed of the aerogel, saves the production cost, and is favorable to realize commercial mass production.

A biosensor for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample. The biosensor comprises a support, a reference electrode or a counter electrode or both a reference and a counter electrode disposed on the support, a working electrode disposed on the support, the working electrode spaced apart from the other electrode or electrodes on the support, a covering layer defining a sample chamber over the electrodes, an aperture in the covering layer for receiving a sample, and at least one layer of mesh in the sample chamber between the covering layer and the electrodes. The at least one layer of mesh has coated thereon a silicone surfactant. Certain silicone surfactants are as effective as fluorinated surfactants with respect to performance of biosensors. These surfactants, when coated onto the mesh layer of the biosensor, are effective in facilitating the transport of aqueous test samples, such as blood, in the sample chamber.

The invention relates to a modified loading nano composite photocatalyst which takes titanium dioxide as main part and adopts new reaction technique to degraded the organic industrial wastewater in a water processing system (see attached drawing 1 in Instruction). The main point on preparing the catalyst lies in that titanium dioxide active compounds loaded on different carriers are employed to prepare a loading photocatalyst with grain diameter of 5-40nm; meanwhile, different elements are mixed into the loading photocatalyst to reduce the composition between photoproduciton electron and cavity, which enables the catalyst to move the light absorbing wavelength thereof towards the visible regions, thus effectively improving the degradation rate of organic pollutants as a new environmental-friendly catalyst. As to the new technique of processing the organic industrial wastewater, the invention overcomes the defects that the present photocatalysts are only used for degrading the organic industrial wastewater with low concentration. The catalyst being irradiated respectively or simultaneously under sunbeam and ultraviolet light can decrease COD values of high-concentration organic industrial wastewater from 10000-40000mg / L to less than 100mg / L in short time, thus meeting the national emission standard.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a wafer release method capable of releasing a wafer safely, simply and certainly and improving a wafer releasing rate, a wafer release apparatus and a wafer release transfer machine using the wafer release apparatus. A wafer release method of the present invention comprises the steps of: pressing the uppermost wafer along an axis direction (L-L′) shifted by an angle in the range of from 15 to 75 degrees from a crystal habit line axis (A-A′) or (B-B′) of the uppermost wafer clockwise or counterclockwise; bending upwardly the peripheral portion of the uppermost wafer so as to cause a bending stress in the uppermost wafer in the axis direction (L-L′) shifted by the angle; blowing a fluid into a clearance between the lower surface of the uppermost wafer and the upper surface of the lower wafer adjacent thereto; and raising the uppermost wafer for releasing.

A method of enhancing removal of photoresist and / or resist residue from a substrate includes exposing the substrate to an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous co-solvent mixture comprising a carbonate, an oxidizer and an accelerator. The stripping process may be performed under ambient conditions, or in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with the supercritical cleaning step itself being a desirable "green" process. In one embodiment, the co-solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and an accelerator such as formic acid. If desired, supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with a second co-solvent mixture may be subsequently applied to the substrate to rinse and dry the substrate. In one embodiment, the second co-solvent mixture includes a lower alkyl alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol.

The present invention provides a method of producing pristine or non-oxidized nano graphene platelets (NGPs) that are highly conductive. The method comprises: (a) providing a pristine graphitic material comprising at least a graphite crystallite having at least a graphene plane and an edge surface; (b) dispersing multiple particles of the pristine graphitic material in a liquid medium containing therein no surfactant to produce a suspension, wherein the multiple particles in the liquid have a concentration greater than 0.1 mg / mL and the liquid medium is characterized by having a surface tension that enables wetting of the liquid on a graphene plane exhibiting a contact angle less than 90 degrees; and (c) exposing the suspension to direct ultrasonication at a sufficient energy or intensity level for a sufficient length of time to produce the NGPs. Pristine NGPs can be used as a conductive additive in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays (e.g., to replace expensive indium-tin oxide), battery and supercapacitor electrodes, and nanocomposites for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding, static charge dissipation, and fuel cell bipolar plate applications.

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for enhancing the production of liquid hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore. The methods basically comprise placing one or more electric powered sonic energy transducers actuated by magnetostrictive actuators which preferably have drive rods formed of terfenol alloy in the well bore, and causing sonic energy to be emitted from the transducers in the form of pressure waves through the liquid hydrocarbons in the well bore and / or in the formation thereby causing the liquid hydrocarbons to flow into the well bore and to the surface more freely.

The invention discloses a high-efficiency multielement compound foliage selenium fertilizer which aims to increase selenium artificially. The high-efficiency multielement compound foliage selenium fertilizer comprises the following components: macroelements, medium elements, microelements, chelator, selenium, rare-earth elements, active organic substances, growth regulator and surfactant. The high-efficiency multielement compound foliage selenium fertilizer is especially suitable for producing selenium-rich tea, selenium-rich rice, selenium-rich corn and other selenium-rich agricultural products in low-selenium or selenium-deficient regions. The invention has the advantages of favorable raw material compatibility, scientific proportion, scientific technique and diversified and compounded nutrient elements, and can effectively solve the nutrient deficiency symptom of the crop, thereby achieving the goal of sufficiently supplementing insufficient soil nutrients.

Methods and devices are provided for high-throughput printing of semiconductor precursor layer from microflake particles. In one embodiment, the method comprises of transforming non-planar or planar precursor materials in an appropriate vehicle under the appropriate conditions to create dispersions of planar particles with stoichiometric ratios of elements equal to that of the feedstock or precursor materials, even after settling. In particular, planar particles disperse more easily, form much denser coatings (or form coatings with more interparticle contact area), and anneal into fused, dense films at a lower temperature and / or time than their counterparts made from spherical nanoparticles. These planar particles may be microflakes that have a high aspect ratio. The resulting dense film formed from microflakes are particularly useful in forming photovoltaic devices.

Methods for hydrolyzing lignocellulose are provided, comprising contacting the lignocellulose with at least one chemical treatment. Methods for pretreating a lignocellulosic material comprising contacting the material with at least one chemical are also provided. Methods for liberating a substance such as an enzyme, a pharmaceutical, or a nutraceutical from plant material are also provided. These methods are more efficient, more economical, and less toxic than current methods.

The invention discloses a water-based cutting fluid used in slice machining of a hard brittle crystal material, comprising the following compositions: base oil, organic amine, organic acid, synthetic ester, emulsifier, rust and corrosion inhibitor, dispersion flocculation and hard-water resisting agent, antiseptic bactericide, antifoaming agent, coupling agent, adjuvant and a proper amount of water. Aiming at the machining techniques of inner circle slicing and outer circle slicing, the water-based cutting fluid has good generality, lubricity, strong antirust property and a long service life; when the cutting fluid is used, the machining situation can be observed easily, the cooling property is good, the cleaning and the permeability are strong, cuttings subside easily, and the machining problems of machining error, crack and the like caused by cutter blocking, abrasion and the like are solved; according to the invention, the problems that cuttings are easy to adhere and suspend, a cutter is seriously abraded, a machined product cracks easily, the accuracy is not high, the machining efficiency is low, the later period cleaning is complex and the like existing in the current slice machining of the hard brittle crystal material are solved, and further, a machine bed is protected, and the cost is reduced.