265results about How to "Improve reaction kinetics" patented technology

Methods for carrying out high temperature reactions such as biomass pyrolysis or gasification using solar energy. The biomass particles are rapidly heated in a solar thermal entrainment reactor. The residence time of the particles in the reactor can be 5 seconds or less. The biomass particles may be directly or indirectly heated depending on the reactor design. Metal oxide particles can be fed into the reactor concurrently with the biomass particles, allowing carbothermic reduction of the metal oxide particles by biomass pyrolysis products. The reduced metal oxide particles can be reacted with steam to produce hydrogen in a subsequent process step.

A method of enhancing removal of photoresist and/or resist residue from a substrate includes exposing the substrate to an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous co-solvent mixture comprising a carbonate, an oxidizer and an accelerator. The stripping process may be performed under ambient conditions, or in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with the supercritical cleaning step itself being a desirable "green" process. In one embodiment, the co-solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and an accelerator such as formic acid. If desired, supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with a second co-solvent mixture may be subsequently applied to the substrate to rinse and dry the substrate. In one embodiment, the second co-solvent mixture includes a lower alkyl alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol.

The invention discloses a method for detecting multiple trace heavy metal ions through a colorimetric sensor array. The method comprises the steps of drawing specific hydrophilic channels on quantitative filter paper through a wax spray type printer, respectively fixing several heavy metal ion indicators in the respective hydrophilic channels to form an indicator array, and connecting a water absorption unit fixed with a macromolecular water absorption material to the rear end of each channel, wherein a heavy metal ion solution generates reaction with the indicators through the hydrophilic channels; furthermore, under the water absorption action of the macromolecular materials at the rear ends, the heavy metal ion solution can continuously flow through the indicators and generate enrichment reaction, so that the aim of half-quantitative measurement on contents of eight trace heavy metal ions in water can be achieved. Color imaging equipment is used for collecting color changes of the indicators in front of and behind different heavy metal ions and constructing a fingerprint of each heavy metal ion. In a test process, a mathematical statistics method is adopted; a sample atlas is compared with the fingerprints, so that unknown heavy metal ions can be qualitatively and half-quantitatively analyzed.

The invention discloses a method and a device for extracting lithium, which is used for preparing lithium carbonate, from a lapidolite ore by a chloridizing roasting method. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, mixing the lapidolite ore, calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide with a compound bonding agent for pellet fabrication; secondly, performing chloridizing roasting in a square-frame shaped track type roasting furnace; thirdly, leaching out soot dust by using solution containing sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate to ensure that potassium, sodium, rubidium and cesium enter the solution and convert the lithium into lithium carbonate; fourthly, filtering the mixture to obtain a lithium carbonate solid, and circularly using the filtrated mother liquor to leach out the soot dust; fifthly, when an alkali metal salt is close to be saturated, indirectly heating the filtrated mother liquor by using the residual heat of the gas in the roasting furnace to evaporate part of water; sixthly, passing CO2 into the filtrated mother liquor to perform carbonation; and seventhly, performing cooling crystallization to separate out a mixed salt of the sodium carbonate and the potassium carbonate, returning part of the mixed salt which is used as an auxiliary material mixed and roasted with lapidolite for cyclic utilization, using another part of the mixed salt as a carbonate reagent needed in dissolution, and using the rest part of the mixed salt as byproducts of the sodium carbonate and the potassium carbonate. The method has the advantages of high lithium recovery rate, good material comprehensive utilization, large equipment productivity, high production efficiency, small water consumption in the process and less wastewater discharge.

A metal sulfide single crystal material comprises metal element M and sulfur element S; the chemical formula thereof is MSx, wherein x is not more than 3 and not less than 1, the metal elements are In, Sn, Sb, Ti, V, Mo, Mn, Co, Cu or Zn; the material is prepared with a method in combination with high energy ball milling method and high temperature solid phase method, comprising the following steps: mixing the sulfur powder with metal powder, and placing in a ball mill tank to carry out ball milling in argon atmosphere; thermostatically baking at low temperature and high temperature for a long time in the argon atmosphere and mixed atmosphere of argon atmosphere and air; cooling, and repeating the steps of 2-6. The preparation method uses simple device, the process conditions are simple and easy, the production cost is low, and the process is environment-friendly and is suitable for production in a large scale. The material can be widely applied to the fields such as high temperature lubricant, hydrogenation catalyst, high energy power supply, hydrogen storage material, semiconductor material, or even super conductive material.

The invention discloses a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material, a preparation method, and a lithium-sulfur battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium-sulfur battery materials. The lithium-sulfur battery cathode material is a carbon-sulfur composite material, which is coated by a carbon cladding layer with a micro-porous structure. In the preparation method, under a vacuum condition, the raw materials are heated, just in one step, the sulfur and the carbon matrix are uniformly combined, the carbon precursor is carbonized, and the coating on the carbon-sulfur composite material is achieved. Compared with the conventional low-temperature coating method, the carbon cladding layer, which is carbonized at a high temperature and has a micro-porous structure, can form interactions just like the chemical bonds with the carbon-sulfur composite material; so that the micro-porous carbon cladding layer and the carbon-sulfur composite material are tightly combined together, thus the sulfur and discharge products cannot be easily dissolved in the electrolyte, the shuttling effect is prevented, the utilization rate of sulfur is improved, at the same time, the conductivity of the cathode material is better improved, and the cycle stability and capacity retention rate of the lithium-sulfur battery are both improved.

A Fe-matched matter-halogen electrochemical system used on liquid flow energy storage is prepared as separating positive/negative electrode electrolyte by positive ion exchange film and storing said electrolyte in external container, generating charge/discharge process by making oxidation/reduction reaction on inert carbon felt electrode through pump stream via battery, applying soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) -matched matter oxidation/reduction electric pair as negative electrode and applying halogen oxidation/reduction electric pair as positive electrode.

The invention relates to a preparation and an application of an indicator fixation test paper for the heavy metal ion detection. The preparation comprises three steps of silica sol gel synthesis, indicator fixation and color comparison. Tetraethoxysilane and siloxane containing hydrophobic function groups, which are adopted as a mixed silicon source, are hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to synthesize the silica sol gel. The gel is mixed with a specific hydrophobic or water-soluble metal ion indicator, is uniformly coated on a nitric acid-acetic acid mixed cellulose film and is dried under the protection of nitrogen. The test paper of the invention can be used for determining trace heavy metal ions in water and can respectively, rapidly and semi-quantitatively determine various trace heavy metal ions in water within 10min.

The invention provides a transitional metal phosphide-carbon composite material, which belongs to the field of electrochemical energy materials. A carbon precursor is used as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the transitional metal ions are uniformly dispersed on a carbon precursor substrate by virtue of a complexing effect of the transitional metal ions and the carbon precursor, and the single-dispersed transitional metal phosphide nano particles are in-situ synthesized by virtue of the phosphorization process. The single-dispersed transitional metal phosphide nano particles are embeddedinto the carbon material substrate, so that the volume expansion of the phosphide particles in the charging-discharging process can be alleviated, the cycling stability of the material can be improved, the electric conductivity of the composite material can also be increased, the reaction dynamics process of an electrode is accelerated, the heteroatom-doped carbon is combined with the transitional metal phosphide by virtue of a covalent bond, so that the interaction of the heteroatom-doped carbon and the transitional metal phosphide is improved, the clustering problem of the phosphide particles in the charging and discharging process can be solved, and the synergistic effect between the carbon and phosphide improves the specific capacity and rate capability of the composite material.

The invention relates to a method for preparing monodisperse polymer microspheres. The method comprises the following process steps: adding a dispersion medium with a stabilizing agent dissolved inside to an impinging stream reactor, heating the dispersion medium, adding a monomer with an initiating agent dissolved inside in one step, carrying out constant-temperature polymerization reaction, obtaining polymer microsphere emulsion after stopping cooling, then using an ultracentrifuge to carry out centrifugal sedimentation, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after removing supernatant, carrying out ultrasonic washing multiple times and drying the washed microspheres to constant weight, thus obtaining the monodisperse polymer microspheres. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the prepared polymer microspheres have good apparent morphology, good smoothness and monodispersity and uniform grain sizes; the process is simple to operate; the grain sizes of the microspheres can be well controlled according to the formula; and the grain size range applicability is better.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a network-like carbon-loaded iron-based compound material and an application of the network-like carbon-loaded iron-based compound material in a lithium-sulfur battery, and belongs to the field of electrochemistry; the method comprises the following steps of taking slightly oxidized graphene as a substrate, taking ferric nitrate nonahydrate as an iron source, taking glucose hydrothermal carbon as a carbon source of iron carbide and a pore-forming substrate, taking ammonia gas generated in the high-temperature pyrolysis process of melamine as a nitrogen source of an iron-nitrogen compound, and meanwhile, enabling ammonia to corrode the glucose hydrothermal carbon substrate to generate a net-shaped structure. The method has the beneficial effects that 1) the process is simple, and the product cost is low; 2) the obtained positive electrode material has a rich hole structure and ion and electron transport channels, the conductivity of the material can be improved, and the loss of the polysulfide compound can be effectively inhibited, the stability of the electrode material is remarkably improved, and the electrochemical performance is improved; and 4) the adsorption and catalysis of the polysulfide compound are achieved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the iron carbide and the iron-nitrogen compound, and the catalytic action can be used for accelerating the reaction dynamics of the lithium-sulfur battery, so that the transition of the soluble polysulfide compound to insoluble sulfide is accelerated, and the shuttle effectis greatly inhibited.

The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and discloses a nanoparticle-compounded ZIF-8 negative electrode material of high specific capacity bismuth as well as a preparation methodand application of the nanoparticle-compounded ZIF-8 negative electrode material. The environment in a methanol solution is utilized to enable zinc ions (Zn<2+>) in zinc nitrate hexahydrate to cooperate with a 2-methylimidazole ligand to form a ZIF-8 precursor, after the precursor is subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment in an inert gas shielding atmosphere of nitrogen gas, Zn<2+>is reduced by pyrolytic carbon in the ZIF-8 to zinc elementary substance (Zn) to form Zn@NC, finally, Bi replaces Zn in situ through simple replacement reaction (Bi<3+> plus Zn arrow Bi plus Zn<2+>)so as to obtain Bi@NC finally. The obtained Bi@NC greatly improves the conductivity of Bi, is conducive to reduction of internal resistance and transmission of electrons, and improves the performanceof reaction kinetics; meanwhile, the volume expansion of Bi@NC in the charging and discharging processes is eased, and the reversible specific capacity and cyclic stability of Bi@NC are improved.

The invention provides a lithium-sulfur battery positive pole framework material and a preparation method thereof, a lithium-sulfur battery positive pole material and a lithium-sulfur battery, and belongs to the field of lithium-sulfur batteries. The lithium-sulfur battery positive pole framework material provided by the invention is a hollow porous carbon material doped with Co and N, the hollowporous carbon material is of a flower-like structure, and the interior of the flower-like structure is a hollow structure, petals of the flower-like structure are carbon nanosheets, Co and N active sits are attached to the pedals, and the pedals are of porous structures. According to the lithium-sulfur battery positive pole framework material provided by the invention, the volume expansion of active substances during charging and discharging processes can be effectively relieved; via the dual active sires of Co-N, the polysulfide is effectively adsorbed, the conversion of the polysulfide to the solid Li2S2/Li2S is accelerated, the shuttle effect of the polysulfide is suppressed from the source, and thus the specific capacity, rate performance and stability of the positive pole material areimproved.

The invention relates to a metal-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 composite electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The metal-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 composite electrode material is a Na3V<2-x>M<x>(PO4)3/C composite electrode material in a micro-nano composite particle shape. According to the preparation method, an organic matter carbon source is added and can be coated on a surface of Na3V<2-x>M<x>(PO4)3/C precursor particle in an in-situ way during the hydrothermal process, can be used for preventing the Na3V<2-x>M<x>(PO4)3/C precursor particle from being grown and agglomerated and also can be decomposed to amorphous carbon during the thermal treatment process, the formation core is Na3V<2-x>M<x>(PO4)3/C particle, and a shell is a core-shell structure of the amorphous carbon. Themetal-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 composite electrode material has the advantages of favorable conductivity, excellent cycle stability, rate performance and the like. The metal-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 composite electrode material belongs to the field of an electrode material.

The invention relates to a method for improving performance of a COFs (Covalent Organic Frameworks) material used as an electrode active material. The method belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries and comprises the step of using dry ball milling to strip the COFs material with a redox reactivity site into an ECOFs material with a thin-film nanoscale lamellar structure. The COFs material prepared through utilizing ball milling and stripping is used as the electrode active material of a lithium ion battery, so that compared with the COFs material used as the electrode active material of the lithium ion battery, the utilization ratio of the redox site can be remarkably improved, and the volume is remarkably improved; a lithium ion passing path is shortened, and a rate capability is remarkably improved; meanwhile, dynamics leading reaction is transformed into charge transfer control from diffusion control, so that the reaction dynamics is greatly improved; the cycle stability performance of the lithium battery is improved.

The invention provides a single-crystal ternary positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries. Aimedat the problem that low-cobalt high-manganese ternary material single crystal particles are difficult to grow up, the preparation method of the single-crystal ternary positive electrode material provided by the invention can promote crystal growth and preferred directional growth of the low-cobalt/cobalt-free high-manganese material. The single-crystal ternary positive electrode material providedby the invention has relatively good single-crystal morphology, the [003] crystal face in single-crystal particles grows directionally, more layered structures can be exposed, a lithium ion diffusionpath can be effectively shortened, the electrochemical performance of the material is improved, and meanwhile, the preparation method is simple and easy for large-scale production.

The invention discloses magnesium hydride compound powder. The magnesium hydride compound powder is mainly prepared from raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 100 parts of magnesium powder, 5.3-11.4 parts of graphite, 0.5-2.3 parts of graphene and 0-1.7 parts of an antioxidant, the raw materials are subjected to ball milling for 1-2.5 h at the temperature of 150-200 DEG C under the hydrogen atmosphere, and the magnesium hydride compound powder with the particle size of 15-25 nm is prepared. The invention further discloses a hydrogen preparation and storage integrated device adopting the magnesium hydride compound powder. The hydrogen preparation and storage integrated device comprises a feeding device, a water supply device, a hydrogen generator and a hydrogen separation device, wherein a powder spraying device and a water spraying device are arranged on the hydrogen generator; a powder output port of the feeding device is connected with a powder input port of the powder spraying device; a water outlet of the water supply device is connected with a water inlet of the water spraying device; a mixed gas input port of the hydrogen separation device is connected with a mixed gas output port of the hydrogen generator. A small amount of graphite and graphene is added to magnesium hydride, and reaction kinetics of magnesium hydride is improved; the raw materials and water are added to the hydrogen generator in a spraying manner, so that the reaction efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a high-temperature proton exchange membrane for fuel cells and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells. The matrix of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane provided by the invention is composed of acidified organic polymers and nano-inorganic particles uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix, and the surface of the inorganic particles is coated with a polymer capable of solvating protons; wherein the acidified The organic polymer is used as a proton donor, and the polymer coated with ether oxygen group on the surface of the inorganic particle has a solvation effect on the proton to generate free protons, and the acidified organic polymer and the inorganic particle coated with the ether oxygen polymer are mutually incompatible. Compatible, the formed phase interface provides a convenient channel for proton transport. This high-temperature proton exchange membrane for fuel cells does not depend on the existence of water under high-temperature conditions and has high proton conductivity, excellent alcohol resistance performance, mechanical properties, and low cost, and provides an industrially practical membrane for the fuel cell field. permanent proton exchange membrane.

The invention discloses a high-performance sulfenyl composite anode material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is formed by compounding a conductive polymer with M-doped sulfur,and is xP.{(1-x)[yM.(1-y)S]} particularly, wherein P stands for the conductive polymer, S is sulfur, M is one or two of Se and Te, x and (1-x) are separately the mass percent of the conductive polymer and the mass percent of the M-doped sulfur, y and (1-y) are separately the mass percent of M in the M-doped sulfur and the mass percent of sulfur, 0<x<1, and 0<y<1. The high-performance sulfenyl composite anode material can be obtained by modifying and further optimizing various components in the sulfenyl composite anode material and the corresponding ratios, the corresponding preparation methods and the like, and the problems that in the prior art, the electrical conductivity is low, and the activity of an electrode is low and the cycle life is poor due to solubility and diffusion of polysulfide are solved.

The invention provides a preparation method of high-purity diiodosilane, and relates to the field of preparation of inorganic compounds. The preparation method of the high-purity diiodosilane comprises the following steps: under the protection of inert gas, with ethers as a solvent, performing a reaction on lithium aluminum hydride with phenyl dichlorosilane to prepare a phenylsilane mixture; heating the phenylsilane mixture for evaporating out phenylsilane, and collecting the phenylsilane; by controlling the reaction temperature to be -80 DEG C to 30 DEG C, dropwise adding the collected phenylsilane into the powdery iodine elementary substance under the stirring condition, meanwhile, adding an oxygen-containing organic compound as a catalyst, and performing a reaction to obtain a diiodosilane mixture; raising the temperature of the diiodosilane mixture to distill the crude diiodosilane. According to the preparation method of the high-purity diiodosilane provided by the invention, theinitial raw material is the non-toxic material phenyl dichlorosilane, and compared with the traditional highly toxic chemical phenyl trichlorosilane as the initial raw material, the safety of the process is greatly improved.