This invention provides an in-situ non-destructive diagnostic method for
sodium deposition during low-temperature charging of
sodium-
ion batteries, belonging to the field of battery
diagnostic technology. In this invention, ultrasonic emission, reflection, and transmission receiving modules are arranged along the thickness direction of the battery under test, connected to an electrochemical
workstation, constructing a dual-mode
ultrasonic detection architecture of transmission and reflection to achieve in-situ non-
destructive testing. The battery is adjusted to a fully discharged state, placed in a high-low temperature
test chamber, and a room-
temperature control group is set up. It is charged with a preset
constant current, and AC disturbances are simultaneously applied to drive ultrasonic pulses. Cyclic testing is performed at set time intervals to achieve in-situ, continuous, and synchronous acquisition of electrochemical and ultrasonic data. Charge
transfer impedance is extracted based on impedance
spectroscopy, interface main echo and layered slice imaging are obtained based on ultrasonic reflection data, and a two-dimensional sound velocity distribution image is established based on
ultrasonic transmission data. A multi-
signal joint criterion is used to determine
sodium deposition and distinguish between early and late stages, effectively improving the accuracy and flexibility of low-temperature sodium deposition diagnosis.