114results about How to "Facilitated reaction kinetics" patented technology

Embodiments of the invention disclosed herein generally relate to a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) deposition chamber that utilizes a plasma generation apparatus to form an activated precursor gas that is used to rapidly form a high quality compound nitride layer on a surface of a substrate. In one embodiment, the plasma generation apparatus is used to create a desirable group-III metal halide precursor gas that can enhance the deposition reaction kinetics, and thus reduce the processing time and improve the film quality of a formed group-III metal nitride layer. In addition, the chamber may be equipped with a separate nitrogen containing precursor activated species generator to enhance the activity of the delivered nitrogen precursor gases.

The present invention is directed to methods of manufacture of microfluidic chip such as a plastic microfluidic chips, which has channels packed with polymer-embedded particles and uses thereof. The chip of the present invention is designed for application of an untreated biological sample on the chip thus allowing isolation, purification and detection of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins or peptides in one step. The invention also provides a microfluidic chip for combined isolation, purification and detection of biomolecules thus providing a complete Lab-on-a-Chip analysis system for biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. The chips of the invention can be adapted to perform highly specific immunoassays and diagnostic test, for example, for diagnosis of infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses or parasites.

A method of enhancing removal of photoresist and/or resist residue from a substrate includes exposing the substrate to an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous co-solvent mixture comprising a carbonate, an oxidizer and an accelerator. The stripping process may be performed under ambient conditions, or in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with the supercritical cleaning step itself being a desirable "green" process. In one embodiment, the co-solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and an accelerator such as formic acid. If desired, supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with a second co-solvent mixture may be subsequently applied to the substrate to rinse and dry the substrate. In one embodiment, the second co-solvent mixture includes a lower alkyl alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol.

The present invention is directed to a microfluidic device for lysis of cells, such as bacteria and microorganisms. In particular, the present invention relates to microfluidic devices and methods of manufacture of such microfluidic devices comprising a substrate with at least one channel packed with a polymer monolith embedded with carbon particles, for example carbon nanotubes. The microfluidic devices and methods of the present invention are useful for cell lysis of cells within a biological sample, such as a untreated biological sample comprising microorganisms, such as but not limited to gram positive and gram negative bacteria. In some embodiments, the microfluidic devices of the present invention can also optionally comprise other modules enabling further processing of the biological sample, for example isolation, purification and detection of biomolecules released from the lysed cells, such as but not limited to nucleic acids or proteins or peptides from the lysed cells, providing a complete Lab-on-a-Chip analysis system for biomolecules released from difficult to lyse microorganisms in a single step or process. The microfluidic devices of the present invention can also be adapted and are useful to methods to enrich for microorganisms in a biological sample, for example enrich for a desired type of bacteria within a biological sample. The microfluidic devices and methods of the present invention can be adapted to perform highly efficient lysis of microorganisms within a biological sample for diagnostic tests, for example for diagnosis of infectious agents and pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses or parasites.

Ultra fine and nanometer powders and a method of producing same are provided, preferably refractory metal and ceramic nanopowders. When certain precursors are injected into the plasma flame in a reactor chamber, the materials are heated, melted and vaporized and the chemical reaction is induced in the vapor phase. The vapor phase is quenched rapidly to solid phase to yield the ultra pure, ultra fine and nano product. With this technique, powders have been made 20 nanometers in size in a system capable of a bulk production rate of more than 10 lbs/hr. The process is particularly applicable to tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide and other related materials.

A hydrometallurgical process for the treatment of complex silver-bearing sulfide ores and concentrates that recovers substantially all silver, lead, antimony, zinc, copper and sulfur, along with the chemical reagents utilized during the process. Finely ground ores and concentrates are leached under heat and pressure with water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, oxygen, and a catalyst, and are further treated to recover silver in the form of silver chloride; iron in the form of iron hydroxide; copper and all traces of soluble toxic metals as sulfides; zinc as zinc ammonium sulfate and specifically nitric acid, sulfuric acid, oxygen, ammonia, and ammonium compounds as valuable fertilizer products.

An aqueous process is described in which thiocarboxylate silane is produced from haloalkyl silane by reaction of the haloalkyl silane with an aqueous solution of thiocarboxylate salt in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of alkylguanidinium salt.

The present invention relates to systems and methods using microwave accelerated surface plasmonics for the detection of target species, wherein the system has a metallic surface and the system is exposed to microwave energy for increasing detection time and/or the reaction kinetics of the target species and other interacting participants in the system and wherein plasmonic emissions from the metallic surface alone or coupled with emissions from a luminescing entity are detected.

Methods and systems are provided which maintain the positive and negative electrolyte pH and stability of a redox flow battery through the use of electrochemical rebalancing cells. The electrochemical cells may be activated by applying an electrical load to affect changes to the pH of the electrolytes. The use of the electrochemical cells improves long term performance stability redox flow batteries by decreasing and/or eliminating Fe(OH)₃ precipitation formation.

The invention discloses a silicon-nitrogen doped carbon-nitrogen doped graphene composite material. The silicon-nitrogen doped carbon-nitrogen doped graphene composite material is formed by graphene oxide, a nitrogen-containing carbon source and silicon, wherein a mass ratio of graphene oxide to the nitrogen-containing carbon source to silicon is 1-4:2:2-6; and nitrogen doped carbon with a core-shell structure is obtained through a solution mixing process and a high temperature charring process, and coats silicon particles, and the nitrogen doped carbon coated silicon particles are uniformly inlaid in nitrogen doped graphene interlayer. A preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: adding a nitrogen-containing carbon source solution into a silicon dispersion, and carrying out stirring ultrasonic treatment; adding a graphene oxide dispersion solution to the above obtained mixed solution in the ultrasonic process; and carrying out stirring heating, evaporation pulping, freeze drying and high temperature charring in order to obtain the silicon-nitrogen doped carbon-nitrogen doped graphene composite material. The nitrogen-containing carbon source is used to form a carbon layer on the surface of silicon particles and realize nitrogen doping of the carbon layer and graphene, the preparation process is simple, controllable and environmentally-friendly, and the composite material greatly improves the integral electrochemical performances.

An adhesive composition comprising: (i) a one part curable epoxy adhesive and (ii) a low profile additive (LPA), the low profile additive being a polymer that is compatible with the epoxy adhesive such that it forms a single phase when admixed with the adhesive composition and that separates from the adhesive to form a network of stress-absorbing nodules therein when the adhesive is cured, the low profile additive being present in an amount sufficient to prevent or reduce shrinkage and/or the formation of voids or cracks when the adhesive is cured. In one embodiment the LPA is a block copolymer including at least one flexible block and at least one rigid block that makes the low profile additive compatible with the epoxy adhesive such that a mixture of the uncured epoxy resin and the low profile additive forms a homogenous solution and as the epoxy resin is cured, the low profile additive forms a stress absorbing network of nodules in the cured epoxy resin matrix.

This invention relates to a method for purifying metal alloy and intermetallic powders. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method for the reduction or elimination of the content of the dissolved oxygen and to remove the metal oxide inclusions from metal alloy and intermetallic powders including the steps of: a) placing the metal in powder form into a reaction apparatus; b) introducing a suitable carrier substance to the metal powder; and c) introducing calcium vapour into the reaction apparatus to create a reaction between the metallic powder and calcium vapour thereby removing inclusions in the metal as shown in FIG. 11.

The invention provides a transitional metal phosphide-carbon composite material, which belongs to the field of electrochemical energy materials. A carbon precursor is used as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the transitional metal ions are uniformly dispersed on a carbon precursor substrate by virtue of a complexing effect of the transitional metal ions and the carbon precursor, and the single-dispersed transitional metal phosphide nano particles are in-situ synthesized by virtue of the phosphorization process. The single-dispersed transitional metal phosphide nano particles are embeddedinto the carbon material substrate, so that the volume expansion of the phosphide particles in the charging-discharging process can be alleviated, the cycling stability of the material can be improved, the electric conductivity of the composite material can also be increased, the reaction dynamics process of an electrode is accelerated, the heteroatom-doped carbon is combined with the transitional metal phosphide by virtue of a covalent bond, so that the interaction of the heteroatom-doped carbon and the transitional metal phosphide is improved, the clustering problem of the phosphide particles in the charging and discharging process can be solved, and the synergistic effect between the carbon and phosphide improves the specific capacity and rate capability of the composite material.

A method and apparatus for treating wastewater. The apparatus comprises a reactor having a flow channel generally centrally located in a reactor and immersed in the water or wastewater in the reactor. An agitator is disposed within the flow channel and induces water or wastewater to enter the open upper end thereof and to move downwardly through the flow channel where the water or wastewater is discharged via a flow divider. A reagent is injected into the water or wastewater and the agitator within the flow channel serves to mix the reagent with the water or wastewater passing therethrough and in the process causes at least a slightly turbulent and downward axial flow through the flow channel.

Assay device structures for a device where fluid flows from a one region to another. The device structures comprising one or more capillarity-inducing structures; where the capillarity-inducing structure induces capillary force along an axis that is essentially perpendicular to the axis along which capillary force induced in another region of the device.

An assay device includes: a liquid sample zone; a reagent zone downstream and in fluid communication with the sample zone containing a reagent material; a detection zone in fluid communication with the reagent zone having capture elements bound thereto; and a wicking zone in fluid communication with the capture zone having a capacity to receive liquid sample flowing from the detection zone. The sample receiving zone, the reagent zone, the detection zone and the wicking zone define a fluid flow path and at least a part of the fluid flow path has a substrate and projections which extend substantially vertically from the substrate, wherein the projections have a height, cross-section and a distance between one another that defines a space between the projections capable of generating capillary flow parallel to the substrate surface. In addition, the fluid flow path having projections includes a corner section which changes the direction of the flow path. The projections in or around the corner section are modified to maintain the configuration of the flow front of the sample flowing through the flow path after the corner is substantially the same configuration as before the corner.

A delayed coking process for producing more uniform and higher quality coke by increasing the drum inlet temperature of the feedstock at least 2° F. during a fill cycle.

A novel chemistry, system and application technique reduces contamination of semiconductor wafers and similar substrates and enhances and expedites processing. A stream of liquid chemical is applied to the workpiece surface. Ozone is delivered either into the liquid process stream or into the process environment. The ozone is preferably generated by a high capacity ozone generator. The chemical stream is provided in the form of a liquid or vapor. A boundary layer of liquid or vapor forms on the workpiece surface. The thickness of the boundary layer is controlled. The chemical stream may include ammonium hydroxide for simultaneous particle and organic removal, another chemical to raise the pH of the solution, or other chemical additives designed to accomplish one or more specific cleaning steps.