1778 results about "Oxidation-Reduction Agent" patented technology

PCT No. PCT/EP96/05140 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 23, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 23, 1998 PCT Filed Nov. 21, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/19206 PCT Pub. Date May 29, 1997The invention relates to a method for the electrolytic deposition of metal coatings, in particular of copper coatings with certain physical-mechanical and optical properties and uniform coating thickness. According to known methods using soluble anodes and applying direct current, only uneven metal distribution can be attained on complex shaped workpieces. By using a pulse current or pulse voltage method, the problem of the coatings being of varying thickness at various places on the workpiece surfaces can indeed be reduced. However, the further problem of the geometric ratios being changed continuously during the depositing process by dissolving of the anodes is not resolved thus. This can be avoided by using insoluble anodes. In order to guarantee sufficient stability of the anodes and a bright coating even at those points on the workpiece surfaces, onto which the metal is deposited with high current density, it is essential to add compounds of an electrochemically reversible redox system to the depositing solution.

The present invention provides a method of measuring a component in blood, by which an amount of the component can be corrected accurately by measuring a hematocrit (Hct) value of the blood with high accuracy and high reliability and also provides a sensor used in the method. The sensor for measuring a component in blood has a first analysis portion and a second analysis portion. The first analysis portion has a first electrode system (11,12) and a reagent layer (14), and the reagent layer (14) has an oxidoreductase that acts on the component and a mediator. In the first analysis portion, the component in the blood is measured by causing a redox reaction of the component with the oxidoreductase in the presence of the mediator and detecting a redox current caused when a voltage is applied by the first electrode (11,12). The second analysis portion has a working electrode and a counter electrode, and a mediator is provided on the counter electrode but not on the working electrode. In the second analysis portion, a Hct value of the blood is measured by supplying the blood to the electrode system, applying a voltage to cause a current to flow, and detecting a value of the current. Using this Hct value, the amount of the component is corrected.

The invention is directed to enhanced methods for detecting an analyte of interest in situ, by immunoassay, or by hybridization comprising binding an enzyme-labeled conjugate molecule to an analyte of interest in the presence of a redox-inactive reductive species and a soluble metal ion. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of the inactive reductive species to an active reducing agent, which in turn reduces the metal ion to a metal atom thereby providing an enhanced means of detecting the analyte via metal deposition.

A sensor for blood component analysis that can correct the effect of a hematocrit easily is provided. The sensor includes an analysis portion including a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reagent portion. The reagent portion includes an oxidoreductase that reacts with the blood component and a mediator, and the blood component is measured by causing a redox reaction between the blood component and the oxidoreductase in the presence of the mediator and detecting a redox current generated by the redox reaction by the working electrode and the counter electrode. In this sensor, the reagent portion further includes a hemolyzing agent (e.g., sodium cholate) for hemolyzing an erythrocyte, and when detecting the redox current, the erythrocyte is hemolyzed with the hemolyzing agent so as to cause hemoglobin released to an outside of the erythrocyte to react with the mediator and a current generated by this reaction also is detected to correct an effect of a hematocrit.

A high transmission low iron glass includes antimony, has reduced total alkali content, and increased silica content, and is suitable for use in photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) or the like. A method of making the glass is also provided. In certain example embodiments, the glass composition may be made on a pattern line with a highly positive batch redox.

A redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group (for example, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene) provides repeated overcharge protection in rechargeable lithium-ion cells.

Charged droplet spray is formed from a solution with all or a portion of the charged droplet spray current generated from reduction or oxidation (redox) reactions occurring on surfaces removed from the first or sample solution flow path. In one embodiment of the invention, two solution flow channels are separated by a semipermeable membrane. A first or sample solution flowing through the first solution flow channel exchanges cation or anion charged species through the semipermeable membrane with a second solution or gas flowing through the second flow channel. Charge exchange is driven by the electric field applied at the charged droplet sprayer sample solution outlet. Redox reactions occur at an electrode surface in contact with the second solution. The invention increases the control and range of the Electrospray ionization process during ES/MS operation. Alternative embodiments of the invention provide for conducting redox reactions on conductive surfaces removed from the first or sample solution flow path but not separated by semipermeable membranes.

The invention relates to a high-performance water reducer of polycarboxylic acid, and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of concrete admixtures in construction industry. The water reducer is prepared by 55-90% of polyoxyethylene ether or ester containing unsaturated double bonds, 8-30% of unsaturated carboxylic acid and derivative thereof, 0-25% of unsaturated sulfonic acid and salt thereof, 0-15% of unsaturated carboxylic esters, and 0.5-5% of redox initiator. The high-performance water reducer of polycarboxylic acid prepared by the invention has the advantages of high water-reducing rate and collapse protectiveness, and has good adaptability for base materials. The water reducer provided by the invention is featured with simple technology, easy material getting, no pollution and low cost, and is industrially produced easily.

A flow-through assay device capable of detecting the presence or quantity of an analyte of interest is provided that is accurate, reliable, and easy-to-use. The device contains a substrate printed with a channel to facilitate the flow of a test sample to a detection working electrode. The detection working electrode communicates with affinity reagents, such as redox mediators and capture ligands. For instance, capture ligands that are specific binding members for the analyte of interest are applied to the detection electrode to serve as the primary location for detection of the analyte.

A nano-Ag sol is prepared through dispersing the protecting colloid solution in silver nitrate solution, adding reducer solution, and redox reacting.

A composition suitable for tantalum chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) comprises an abrasive, an organic oxidizer, and a liquid carrier therefor. The organic oxidizer has a standard redox potential (E⁰) of not more than about 0.5 V relative to a standard hydrogen electrode. The oxidized form comprises at least one pi-conjugated ring, which includes at least one heteroatom directly attached to the ring. The heteroatom can be a N, O, S or a combination thereof. In a method embodiment, a CMP composition comprising an abrasive, and organic oxidizer having an E⁰ of not more than about 0.7 V relative to a standard hydrogen electrode, and a liquid carrier therefor, is utilized to polish a tantalum-containing surface of a substrate, by abrading the surface of the substrate with the composition, preferably with the aid of a polishing pad.

A conductive polymer is formed enzymatically in the presence of a polynucleotide template. The method includes combining at least one redox monomer with a polynucleotide template and a redox enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase, to form a reaction mixture. The monomer aligns along the template before or during the polymerization. Therefore, the polynucleotide template thereby affects the molecular weight and conformation of the conductive polymer. When the conductive polymer is complexed to a polynucleotide duplex, the conformation of the polynucleotide duplex can be modulated by changing the oxidation state of the conductive polymer.

The invention relates to a visible light photocatalytic film and a preparation method thereof and a lighting lamp with the visible light photocatalytic film, the lighting lamp comprises a casing, a LED (light-emitting diode) light source arranged on the casing, and a netted lampshade arranged on the outer side of the LED light source, the surface of the netted lampshade is coated with the visible light photocatalytic film doped with a quantum dot material and a semiconductor material. The netted lampshade can achieve air circulation, and improves the purification effect of air; the quantum dot material can make the absorption spectrum of the semiconductor material broadening and redshifting, so that absorbed light shifts from ultraviolet range to visible light range, the absorption of visible light is facilitated, and the lighting lamp is more secure; the visible light photocatalytic thin film absorbs the visible light in the LED light source , and then forms electrical acupunctures and free electrons on the surface of the quantum dot material, the electrical acupunctures and the free electrons are combined with water and oxygen in the air for redox reaction and formation of strongly oxidative hydroxyl radicals and active ions on the surface, so that organic matters and harmful gases and other materials in the air are decomposed to achieve the air purification, sterilization, deodorization and mildewproof effects.

The present invention provides a method of designing a redox flow battery system that can prevent system efficiency loss caused by weak generation power or load power at the time of electric charge or discharge, without using any lead storage battery, and can also provide further improved system efficiency. In the present invention, generating equipment that varies irregularly in output of power generation is provided with the redox flow battery to smooth the output of power generation. An average value of output distribution of the battery with respect to the smoothed output of power generation and standard deviation are determined. Then, at least either of a specified output of the battery and a specified output of the converter for converting the battery output is determined based on the standard deviation.

The invention relates to a water-soluble organic couple redox flow battery which comprises an anode, electrolyte thereof, a diaphragm thereof, a cathode and electrolyte thereof, wherein one of two active substances of the anode/cathode is a water-soluble organic couple, and the other one is an inorganic couple or organic couple; and the electrolyte of the anode/cathode is stored in an external storage tank, flows through the battery in a circulating way through a pump and undergoes oxidation/reduction reaction on the anode/cathode divided by the diaphragm to carry out the charging/discharging process. Organic couple materials are not limited by mining deposits, the charge capacity depends on the volume of the storage tank, the size of the battery can be singly designed according to the power requirement, and electrode potential and a reaction electron amount can be designed and controlled by organic molecules. Therefore, the redox flow battery has the advantages of rich raw materials, convenient preparation, high power conversion efficiency, environmental protection, safe use and the like and is suitable for scale electricity storage.

Described herein is an apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell that employs a capacitive counter electrode and a faradaic working electrode. The capacitive counter electrode reduces the amount of redox products generated at the counter electrode while enabling the working electrode to generate redox products. The electrochemical cell is useful for controlling the redox products generated and/or the timing of the redox product generation. The electrochemical cell is useful in assay methods, including those using electrochemiluminescence. The electrochemical cell can be combined with additional hardware to form instrumentation for assay methods.