26 results about "Charge exchange" patented technology

The invention specifically discloses an ion thruster acceleration grid probability life evaluation method based on coupling competitive failure, and relates to the technical field of aerospace propulsion system life evaluation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining deterministic parameters and random parameters of a thruster acceleration grid assembly; then based on an ion sputtering corrosion theory, considering material loss caused by charge exchange ion bombardment of the acceleration gate, and establishing a coupling corrosion model of the thickness and aperture of the acceleration gate; thirdly, constructing a competitive failure model, and realizing numerical solution of competitive failure life by dynamically iterating a corrosion state and a failure criterion; and finally, independently repeated random sampling is carried out based on probability distribution of random parameters, the random sampling is substituted into the competitive failure model to obtain an acceleration grid simulation life sample set, and statistical analysis is carried out on the life sample set to obtain a probability life evaluation result. The method solves the problem of errors caused by independent modeling of structural failure and electronic reflux failure in the prior art, and is helpful for reducing the system operation risk and improving the reliability of a spacecraft.

The present invention discloses a system and method for measuring the deuterium-tritium fuel ratio in plasma, comprising an electron cyclotron radiometer, a microwave reflectometer, a Mirnov probe, electron cyclotron radiation imaging, a first collector, a central processing unit, an interferometer, a dynamic Stark effect spectrometer, a magnetic coil, a charge exchange spectrometer, a second collector, a high-performance computer, and a TAE frequency real-time processor. The deuterium-tritium fuel ratio can be obtained by accurately measuring the frequency of the toroidal Alfvén eigenmode in the burning plasma and accurately calculating the TAE frequency in the deuterium-deuterium plasma under the same conditions. Compared to the existing technology, even if the burning plasma is in an uneven distribution state, it can be measured as a whole, and the deuterium-tritium fuel ratio can be calculated based on the measured data, thereby providing a safe, accurate, and rapid method for measuring the deuterium-tritium fuel ratio for the heating effect of fusion product alpha particles, the high and low confinement mode conversion power thresholds, and the confinement time.

The invention discloses a laser ion source system based on double pulses and AI feedback control and a control method, and relates to the technical field of plasmas, and the system is characterized in that a first laser generates pre-ablation laser, and generates pre-plasma on a target material; the second laser generates main ionization laser which irradiates the pre-plasma to generate main plasma; and the intelligent control unit extracts spatial features from the plume image, fuses the spatial features, the spectral data, the real-time ion current intensity and the equipment parameters to obtain high-order state features, and generates laser pulse optimization parameters according to the high-order state features and the equipment parameters. According to the invention, a double-pulse mechanism is adopted to enable main ionization to occur in the expanded plasma, charge exchange and energy dispersion are reduced, the energy divergence of the ion beam is remarkably reduced, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, AI real-time feedback control can compensate factors such as target pitting corrosion and laser power fluctuation, and very high inter-pulse stability is realized.

The invention belongs to the field of electric propulsion, and particularly relates to a neutralization compensation electrode applied to a Hall thruster. The neutralization compensation electrode is fixed on the outlet side of the Hall thruster and comprises an insulating connecting seat, an electronic ring and N non-magnetic and conductive fixing blocks, the electronic ring generates electrons under the sputtering of high-energy ions generated by the Hall thruster, the high-temperature environment at the outlet of the Hall thruster also promotes the electrons of the electronic ring to overflow, and the electrons generated by the electronic ring move towards the high-potential outlet of the Hall thruster to neutralize the electrons in the plume region at the outlet of the Hall thruster; the neutralization compensation electrode can reduce sputtering of high-energy ions on a shell of the Hall thruster when the thruster is ignited, and meanwhile, an electron ring is bombarded by ions by utilizing a charge exchange ionization phenomenon, so that secondary electrons are generated and are used for providing electrons.

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a rotary exposed electrostatic motor with an embedded stator and an aircraft, the rotary exposed electrostatic motor comprises a stator module, a rotor module, a bearing assembly, a charge transfer assembly and a power supply assembly, the stator module is embedded in the inner side of a bearing, and the rotor module sleeves the outer side and is partially exposed; the rotor blades can directly drive an external load to rotate, the power supply assembly enables the adjacent stator blades to be electrified alternately to form a driving electric field, and the charge transfer assembly achieves charge exchange during rotation so as to drive the rotor module to rotate. According to the structure, direct output of energy is achieved through the layout that the stator is embedded and the rotor is exposed, mechanical transmission loss is reduced, energy conversion efficiency is improved, and when the structure is applied to an aircraft, a motor can directly drive a propeller to generate thrust, the gravity center of the aircraft is lowered, and attitude stability and propelling efficiency are improved.

This application provides a high-acceptance gas charge stripper for a gas target, the main body of which is a vacuum differential structure. The stripping gas enters the stripping tube from the inlet pipe, and the charged particle beam achieves charge stripping through collision reactions as it passes through the stripping tube. Gas resistance tubes are installed at both ends of the stripping tube to restrict the stripping gas from entering the vacuum pipes at both ends of the vacuum chamber. The inner wall of the stripping tube has a variable aperture structure, with the aperture gradually increasing from the center to both ends, thereby achieving efficient charge exchange. The inner wall of the gas resistance tube also has a variable aperture structure, with the aperture gradually decreasing from inside the vacuum chamber to outside, thereby reducing the impact of the stripping gas on the vacuum level in the vacuum pipes on both sides. By setting the variable-diameter gas resistance tubes, the vacuum system can withstand a higher intake volume of stripping gas, allowing the aperture of the stripping tube to be designed to be larger, thus improving the beam acceptance of the gas charge stripper, increasing beam transmission efficiency, and ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the electrostatic tandem accelerator.

The invention discloses an ion thruster acceleration gate downstream pit-groove corrosion morphology prediction method, which comprises the following steps: establishing a computational domain, and determining boundary conditions of the computational domain; ions are injected from the left boundary of the computational domain, charges carried by all the ions are mapped to grid nodes of the computational domain through a weight distribution method, and space charge density distribution is obtained; solving three-dimensional potential distribution and three-dimensional electric field distribution in a computational domain based on space charge density distribution and set boundary conditions; pushing the ions to move based on the three-dimensional electric field distribution, and updating the positions and speeds of all the ions; simulating a charge exchange collision process of ions and neutral atoms based on the updated ion position and speed, and updating the state of the collided ions; counting information of charge exchange ions impacting the downstream surface of the acceleration gate within a set time; and calculating the three-dimensional corrosion morphology of the downstream surface of the acceleration gate based on charge exchange ion information in combination with a sputtering yield model and gate material attributes.

The invention discloses a compact low-energy carbon-14 special positive ion mass spectrometry system and a detection method, and the system comprises a gas sample injection unit which is used for injecting a CO2 gas sample; the positive ion unit is used for directly ionizing the CO2 gas sample to generate a C2 + ion beam; the fast alternate injection unit is used for carrying out preliminary quality analysis on the C2 + ion beam and realizing alternate injection of different carbon isotopes; the charge exchange unit adopts a differential pump type structure and a non-metal gas target, the center of the charge exchange unit is located at the waist-like position of the injection magnet, and the charge exchange unit is used for converting C2 + into C-ions; the beam analysis unit comprises an analysis magnet and an electrostatic analyzer, and the analysis magnet and the electrostatic analyzer form an energy achromatic system and are used for separating and screening the ions converted by the charge exchange unit to obtain < 14 > C-ions; the ion detection unit is used for counting and measuring < 14 > C <-> ions and finally obtaining the ratio of < 14 > C to < 12 > C or < 13 > C; and the high vacuum unit is used for keeping a vacuum state during the operation of the whole system.

A method of establishing a reverse charge exchange between an initiating party (12) and a responding party (14) is provided. The method comprises receiving a reverse charge exchange request from the initiating party (12), the reverse charge exchange request specifying an identifier for the intended responding party (14) and indicating the exchange or resource that the at least one initiating party (12) wishes to use or access; verifying the responding party identifier (14) and compiling a reverse charge request message containing the initiating-party identifier and the exchange or resource desired by the initiating party (12); dispatching the reverse charge request message to the identified responding party (14) via a communication channel; receiving acceptance of the reverse charge exchange request from the responding party (14); and upon acceptance establishing a live exchange session between at least the at least one initiating party (12) and the exchange or resource desired by the at least one initiating party (12), via the at least one responding party (14).

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a mute and efficient microwave oven stirring blade direct drive motor and a directional self-starting method.The mute and efficient microwave oven stirring blade direct drive motor comprises a frame assembly, a stator disc, a charge exchange cylinder, a rotor disc, a rotating shaft and stirring blades; positive and negative electrode exchange electrodes are arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the charge exchange cylinder, a plurality of electrode plates are arranged on the rotor disc in the radial direction, tail parts are arranged at the tail ends of the electrode plates to achieve directional self-starting, and the rotor disc and the stator disc are alternately stacked and arranged and drive the stirring blades to rotate through the rotating shaft. The static motor is used for directly driving the low-speed light load, stable low-speed output can be achieved without a speed reducer, the operation power consumption is lower than 20 milliwatts, the energy efficiency is high, the driving process is almost noiseless, meanwhile, the current is automatically reduced to be close to zero in the locked-rotor process, motor damage is avoided, the overall structure is compact and reliable, and the device is suitable for efficient mute driving of the microwave oven stirring blade.

The invention relates to the technical field of wafer manufacturing equipment, and particularly discloses a special ion source for multivalent ion implantation and a use method thereof.The special ion source comprises a first gas supply source, a second gas supply source, an ion generator with a first-stage reaction arc chamber and a second-stage reaction arc chamber, generating an ion beam containing monovalent ions of the source gas supplied by the first gas supply source; and a secondary reaction arc chamber for generating multivalent ions of the source gas supplied by the first gas supply source by means of charge exchange generated by collision between an ion beam containing the monovalent ions of the source gas supplied by the first gas supply source and the source gas supplied by the second gas supply source. The method has the advantages that the size of the multivalent ion beam can be effectively increased, the beam adjustment time and the machine operation time are optimized, and the machine productivity is improved.

The invention discloses a compact solid-state isotope separation device based on small-angle scattering and charge exchange, relates to the technical field of isotope separation devices, and comprises a laser ablation atomic source, an optical molasses collimation module, a laser action module, and a magnet scattering and resonance ionization coupling module; the laser ablation atomic source prepares a ground state isotope atomic beam, which is subjected to transverse laser cooling to achieve a collimation effect; the laser action module optically pumps isotope atoms to be separated to a strong field or weak field state-seeking state, and the remaining isotope atoms are optically pumped to a weak field or strong field state-seeking state; the optically pumped atomic beam is scattered at a small angle with the surface of a magnet, the isotope atoms in the strong field state-seeking state are attracted by magnetic force and adhere to the surface of the magnet, and the isotope atoms in the weak field state-seeking state are away from the magnet, and a voltage is applied on a voltage plate to ensure the collection of charged particles after the charge exchange, thereby completing the separation of isotopes; the invention greatly improves the separation capability of solid-state isotopes, and reduces the volume, weight and power consumption of the device.

The application belongs to the field of environmental functional materials and detection technology, and discloses a hydrophilic anion chromatographic column based on mixed mode separation and a preparation method and application in the field of detection thereof. The application takes styrene-divinylbenzene microspheres as a chromatographic column matrix, adopts sulfonation and amination to endow the microspheres with hydrophilic properties, and controls the ion selectivity of the stationary phase through hyperbranched reaction. The application adopts microwave heating to alternately modify the epoxy bond and the polyamine bond of the sulfonated microspheres, and terminates with methylamine to prepare a hydrophilic anion chromatographic stationary phase, and press the hydrophilic anion chromatographic stationary phase into a chromatographic column, and apply the chromatographic column to common ions in a detection sample. Due to the introduction of rich hydroxyl groups by hyperbranched modification and the formation of regular dendritic structures by alternating reaction, under the mixed modes of hydrophilic interaction, network structure and charge exchange, the ion chromatographic column of the application has a shorter retention time of high-valence state ions such as SO4 2‑ , PO4 3‑ than that of low-valence state ions when detecting common anions.

The application discloses a kind of carbon positive ion mass spectrometer device based on C + Ion is carried out 14 C analysis method belongs to the technical field of nuclide analysis.The method comprises the following steps: eliminating C-H molecular ion interference by stripping target using specific gas through the way of sectional stripping and charge exchange, then forming C ‑ Ion by charge exchange target of non-metal gas, cooperating with pre-focusing, post-focusing and magnet analysis, to obtain high-intensity C ‑ Ion current intensity;C + Ion current intensity reaches 6-7 mA, C ‑ Ion current intensity after charge exchange reaches 260 μA; the specific gas is any one or more of He gas, Ar gas and N2 gas, and the non-metal gas is any one or more of H2, CH4, C2H4 and C4H 10 . In the application, the C + Ion current intensity generated by ion source is several times higher than that of C 2+ , and the efficiency of generating C + by charge exchange using C 2+ and C ‑ is close, so the efficiency of C + analysis based on C 14 can be several times higher than that of using C 2+ .

The invention discloses an intelligent label for sliding monitoring, an intelligent label preparation method and a monitoring system.The label comprises a digital printing paper substrate, a sliding monitoring inner electrode and a sliding monitoring outer electrode, the sliding monitoring inner electrode and the sliding monitoring outer electrode are arranged on the substrate in a sleeved mode through silk screen overprinting, and the sliding monitoring inner electrode and the sliding monitoring outer electrode are coated with a mixed solution WPU / TiO2 and completely covered; forming an internal sliding sensing layer, and fixing an FEP adhesive tape on the bottom surface of the monitored object to form an external sliding sensing layer; the external sliding sensing layer and the internal sliding sensing layer slide at any angle, so that the sliding monitoring inner electrode and the sliding monitoring outer electrode generate potential difference, electron movement is caused, current is generated, and displacement motion of sliding at any angle is converted into electric signals to be output; according to the invention, based on the difference between the material characteristics and the charge exchange capability, efficient self-driven information indication is realized, no extra electric energy is consumed, the problem of battery driving is solved, and the sliding monitoring system has the characteristics of simple structure, rapid response and obvious indication.

The present application relates to a kind of printing and dyeing sludge biological treatment photovoltaic cell drive near-infrared targeted drying method and device, the present application is directed to the characteristics of active organic matter, inert organic matter, heavy metal etc. in sludge, the light initiator with strong near-infrared light absorption capacity, stable chemical properties, low price is introduced into the printing and dyeing sludge after biological pretreatment, the organic matter often on the surface of nano particle and macromolecular solid organic matter in sludge can be closely combined, when these nano particles are irradiated by near-infrared light, its surface will occur plasmonic resonance phenomenon, leading to strong electric field and heat generation, so that near-infrared energy is efficiently focused around target material, near-infrared targeted heating drying is realized, and sludge treatment rate is significantly improved. Metal nanoparticles interact with bacterial cells by charge, destroy their membranes and walls, destroy charge exchange, interfere with ribosome assembly and enzyme activity, achieve the effect of sterilization and disinfection.

The invention discloses a magnetic confinement high-temperature plasma core impurity density fluctuation measurement method, which comprises the following steps: collecting an active spectrum emitted by a charge exchange reaction between a neutral beam and a high-temperature plasma impurity ion bare nucleus through an active spectrum lens; collecting a passive spectrum of a plasma area without neutral beam injection through a passive spectrum lens; respectively transmitting the active spectrum and the passive spectrum to a characteristic line radiation filtering array, and filtering the active spectrum and the passive spectrum through the characteristic line radiation filtering array; respectively transmitting the active spectrum and the passive spectrum after light filtering processing to a photodiode array for photoelectric conversion, and subtracting the photoelectric signal corresponding to the passive spectrum from the photoelectric signal corresponding to the active spectrum to obtain the photon flux of the active spectrum; and calculating the core impurity density of the magnetic confinement high-temperature plasma according to the photon flux of the active spectrum. According to the invention, the measurement of plasma core impurity density fluctuation can be obtained in an international magnetic confinement fusion device firstly.

The present invention discloses a method for measuring the concentration profile of impurity bare nuclei using active spectroscopy, comprising: step 1, obtaining the beam density of a neutral beam during its travel; step 2, obtaining the ratio of the number density of particles in the excited state to the ground state in the neutral beam atoms; step 3, calculating the charge exchange recombination radiation rate coefficient of the neutral beam atoms and the impurity ions based on the obtained ratio of the number density of particles in the excited state to the ground state in the neutral beam atoms; step 4, measuring the active spectrum intensity of the impurity ions, and calculating the impurity ion concentration profile distribution in combination with the obtained beam density and charge exchange recombination radiation rate coefficient. This method calculates the profile distribution of the impurity bare nucleus concentration through the absolutely calibrated active spectrum intensity of the impurity ions, the neutral beam density, and the charge exchange recombination radiation rate coefficient, thereby improving the measurement of impurity concentration and providing the necessary physical parameters and experimental data support for further research on the control, transport, and internal physical mechanisms of plasma.

An improved approach for monitoring or estimating charge exchange mechanisms is proposed where a resistance or an impedance of a material is tracked while the material is subject to electrochemical reactions, such as, but not limited to, oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. During a redox reaction, there can be evidence of a quantum transition state associated with the redox charge transfer. A monitoring apparatus is disclosed that can be practically implemented in the form of an electrochemical cell adapted for measurement, and the electrochemical cell can be configured as transistor-type apparatus, such as a charge exchange transistor. Different configurations for a dielectric layer are also proposed to aid in enabling hybridization.

The present invention provides a particle beam device and a composite beam device, wherein the particle beam device can selectively and appropriately switch between a charged particle beam and a neutral particle beam. The particle beam column (19) includes an ion source (41), a condenser (52), a charge exchange grid (55) and an objective lens (56). The ion source (41) generates ions. The condenser (52) switches the ion beam and the neutral beam as a particle beam irradiated to a sample (S) by switching the focus of the ion beam. The charge exchange grid (55) converts the ion beam into a neutral particle beam by neutralizing at least a portion of the ion beam. The objective lens (56) is arranged on the downstream side of the charge exchange grid (55). When the neutral particle beam is irradiated to the sample (S) as the particle beam, the objective lens (56) reduces the ion beam toward the sample (S).

The invention discloses a water drop power generation device and a power generation method based on multi-liquid drop cooperative motion, and relates to the field of water photovoltaic power generation, the device comprises a tubular water drop power generator and a liquid drop driving device, and through reciprocating motion of liquid drops in a tube, charge exchange and electrostatic induction are carried out to generate electric energy; the electric energy output is obviously improved through the synergistic effect of a plurality of liquid drops; experimental data show that when the double liquid drops work cooperatively, the peak voltage of the power generation device can reach-730 V; under the configuration of more liquid drops, the peak value of the output voltage is up to-1.2 kV or even higher and is improved by several times compared with a single-liquid-drop working mode; the device can directly ionize air to realize nitrogen fixation and generate nitrogen oxide (NO), and is expected to be used for nitrogen fertilizer production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical testing, and discloses a method for quantifying the formation rate of a peroxide hydroxyl intermediate in an electrocatalytic reaction. The invention finds that the catalyst still has charge exchange with solute ions in an open-circuit voltage state after an oxidation reaction, including the formation of * OOH and the formation of O2, and on this basis, the charge transfer amount in an OCV interval is subjected to integral quantification by controlling the retention time of the open-circuit voltage and then through a reduction pulse test. According to the method, the technical problem that the * OOH formation kinetics cannot be directly and quantitatively represented by a traditional method is solved, and an important tool is provided for the rational design of a high-efficiency electrochemical catalyst. Experimental results show that the method is suitable for various transition metal catalyst systems, and the measurement result is accurate and reliable.

The present invention belongs to the field of batteries. The present invention provides a silicon-copper negative electrode material, a preparation method thereof and uses thereof. In the preparation method, a silicon raw material, a reducing agent and a cuprous compound are uniformly mixed, first melting is carried out, after cooling, it is broken and ground, then second melting is carried out, and then the temperature is lowered to an insulation temperature for insulation growth to obtain the silicon-copper negative electrode material; the silicon-copper negative electrode material obtained by the high-temperature solid-phase melting method is silicon-doped nano-copper, which can be directly formed into a negative electrode after the second melting and directly serve as the negative electrode of a lithium battery without the need to additionally use a negative electrode current collector and without negative electrode processes such as pulping and coating, greatly simplifying the manufacturing process of the negative electrode and effectively reducing the cost. The obtained silicon-copper negative electrode material has a high capacity and a low resistance, effectively improving the charge exchange process in the battery.

The invention discloses a semiconductor device based on an internally doped carbon nanotube heterojunction and a preparation method of the semiconductor device, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductors. The semiconductor device sequentially comprises a substrate, a perovskite heterojunction layer doped in a carbon nanotube, a gate dielectric layer and a gate from bottom to top, wherein a source electrode and a drain electrode are respectively arranged at two ends of the gate dielectric layer. According to the invention, internal doping is carried out on the carbon nanotubes, the guest substance perovskite is filled into the carbon nanotubes, the internal doped carbon nanotube heterojunction is constructed, the performance of the carbon nanotube semiconductor device is improved, the internal filled guest substance can interact with the carbon nanotubes to carry out charge exchange and change the carrier concentration so as to adjust the performance of the carbon nanotubes, and meanwhile, the performance of the carbon nanotube semiconductor device is improved. A heterojunction is formed by the carbon nano tube and the filled object substance, and the high-performance carbon nano tube semiconductor device is constructed by designing the composition of the heterojunction.

The invention discloses a method for performing < 14 > C analysis based on C < + > ions in a carbocation mass spectrometry device, and belongs to the technical field of nuclide analysis. The method comprises the following steps: eliminating C-H molecular ion interference by using a specific gas stripping target in a segmented stripping and charge exchange mode, forming C-ions through a non-metal gas charge exchange target, and obtaining high-strength C-ion current intensity by matching pre-focusing, post-focusing and magnet analysis; the current intensity of C < + > ions reaches 6-7 mA, and the current intensity of C <-> ions after charge exchange reaches 260 microamperes; the specific gas is any one or more of He gas, Ar gas and N2 gas, and the non-metal gas is any one or more of H2, CH4, C2H4 and C4H10. The flow intensity of C < + > generated by the ion source is several times higher than that of C < 2 + >, and the efficiency of generating C <-> through charge exchange by using C < + > and C < 2 + > ions is close, so that the efficiency of 14C analysis based on C < + > can be several times higher than that of using C < 2 + >.

This invention belongs to the field of aerospace propulsion technology and relates to a self-neutralizing microwave ion thruster and its operating method. The thruster includes a discharge cavity A and a discharge cavity B connected by a cavity connection channel. Discharge cavity A, a microwave connector, and a positive charge particle extraction system form discharge chamber A. Discharge cavity B, a microwave connector, and a negative charge particle extraction system surround and form discharge chamber B. There is no permanent magnet on one side of the cavity connection channel of the discharge cavities. The magnetic fields provided by two permanent magnet arrays have opposite pole directions, creating connected magnetic field lines inside the cavity connection channel. The connected magnetic field lines between the two discharge cavities guide the movement of charged particles, connecting the plasma inside the two discharge cavities, facilitating charge exchange, maintaining quasi-electroneutrality, and providing internal conditions for plume neutralization downstream of the thruster. By applying a DC bias voltage, the positive charge particle extraction system extracts positive charge particles, and the negative charge particle extraction system extracts negative charge particles, achieving plume neutralization.