105 results about "Charge exchange" patented technology

Charged droplet spray is formed from a solution with all or a portion of the charged droplet spray current generated from reduction or oxidation (redox) reactions occurring on surfaces removed from the first or sample solution flow path. In one embodiment of the invention, two solution flow channels are separated by a semipermeable membrane. A first or sample solution flowing through the first solution flow channel exchanges cation or anion charged species through the semipermeable membrane with a second solution or gas flowing through the second flow channel. Charge exchange is driven by the electric field applied at the charged droplet sprayer sample solution outlet. Redox reactions occur at an electrode surface in contact with the second solution. The invention increases the control and range of the Electrospray ionization process during ES / MS operation. Alternative embodiments of the invention provide for conducting redox reactions on conductive surfaces removed from the first or sample solution flow path but not separated by semipermeable membranes.

A system for charging a vehicle includes a forward model for modeling vehicle charging data for a plurality of vehicles, and a charge exchange market which, based on the forward model, facilitates an agreement for transmitting power to a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles via a dynamic power grid including a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles. A system of managing power consumption in the vehicle includes, an optimizing unit for optimizing a plurality of parameters to determine a power to be consumed by the vehicle based on a plurality of power source signatures for a plurality of power sources, and an operating mode setting unit for setting an operating mode for powering the vehicle based on the determined power.

An object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage device excellent in input / output characteristics at low temperatures, a module thereof and a vehicle using the module. The present invention provides an energy storage device comprising: a positive electrode having a region where a reaction accompanied by charge exchange occurs; a negative electrode having a region where a reaction accompanied by charge exchange occurs; a separator electrically separating the positive and negative electrodes and allowing mobile ions to pass therethrough; an electrolytic solution having an aprotic nonaqueous solvent comprising the mobile ions; and a region in at least one of the positive and negative electrodes where a charge adsorbing / desorbing reaction occurs.

A charge pump includes a level shifter and a charge exchange control switching circuit. The level shifter can enhance the levels of a first and second clock signals, and output a first and a second control signal corresponding to the enhanced signals. Based on the first and second control signals, the charge exchange control switching circuit amplifies an input voltage and generates a corresponding amplified output voltage.

Charged droplet spray is formed from a solution with all or a portion of the charged droplet spray current generated from reduction or oxidation (redox) reactions occurring on surfaces removed from the first or sample solution flow path. In one embodiment of the invention, two solution flow channels are separated by a semipermeable membrane. A first or sample solution flowing through the first solution flow channel exchanges cation or anion charged species through the semipermeable membrane with a second solution or gas flowing through the second flow channel. Charge exchange is driven by the electric field applied at the charged droplet sprayer sample solution outlet. Redox reactions occur at an electrode surface in contact with the second solution. The invention increases the control and range of the Electrospray ionization process during ES / MS operation. Alternative embodiments of the invention provide for conducting redox reactions on conductive surfaces removed from the first or sample solution flow path but not separated by semipermeable membranes.

A cooperative game-based micro-grid optimal dispatching method for charging, exchanging and storing integrated power plants includes modeling photovoltaic power, wind power and electric vehicle powerexchange demands by using robust optimization considering electric vehicle power exchange demand and stochastic characteristics of photovoltaic and wind power generation; the optimal dispatching modelof upper micro-grid with minimum power supply cost being constructed; the life loss cost model and operation loss model of integrated power plant being established; constructing the optimization model of lower-level charging-replacing-storage integrated power station with the objective function of maximizing CSSIS profit; the optimal dispatching model of charge-exchange-storage integrated microgrid based on cooperative game being constructed. The model is solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy (NSGAII) combined with solver CPLEX. The invention provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of the charging and replacing infrastructure of the urban electric vehicle, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefits of the operation of the electric network, the micro-grid and the charging and replacing power station.

Ions, particularly molecular ions with multiple dopant nucleons per ion, are produced by charge exchange. An ion source contains a minimum of two regions separated by a physical barrier and utilizes charge exchange to enhance production of a desired ion species. The essential elements are a plasma chamber for production of ions of a first species, a physical separator, and a charge transfer chamber where ions of the first species from the plasma chamber undergo charge exchange or transfer with the reactant atom or molecules to produce ions of a second species. Molecular ions may be produced which are useful for ion implantation.

An improved double chamber ion source comprising a plasma generating chamber, a charge exchange chamber and a divider structure therebetween. The charge exchange chamber includes magnetic shielding material to reduce exposure of interior components to magnetic field lines externally generated. The double compartment ion source further comprises inclusion of a heat shield and / or a cooling system to overcome deleterious effects caused by increased temperature in the plasma generating chamber. The divider structure has a plurality of apertures having a configuration to reduce surface area on the divider structure in the charge exchange chamber.

Flexible member energy conversion device (550) converts flexible member (100) deflection mechanical energy to electrical energy. Flexible member (100) deflects and conforms to surface (40) as wheel (20) rotates while transporting load (10). Energy conversion device (550) is comprised of single or multiple electroactive polymer transducers (500), charge exchange mean (350), charge element (402), and recovery element (403). Transducer (500) is comprised of a top electrode (504), a bottom electrode (506) separated by an elastomeric polymer spacer (502). In this configuration, transducer (500) functions as a variable capacitor. Transducer (500) is elevated in capacitance when in stretched configuration and reduced capacitance when in unstretched configuration. Energy conversion device (500) produces electrical energy by transferring electric charge from charge element (402), through charge exchange means (350) to transducer (500) in stretched configuration. Transducer (500) is then allowed to return to an unstretched configuration. The charge in transducer (500) increases in energy when the transducer (500) returns to relaxed configuration. This causes the electrical charge to flow to recovery element (403) through charge exchange means (350).

A mass spectrometry system based on the general principle of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is disclosed. An ion source (10) generates a beam (B) of ions having a negative charge state. A first mass analyzer (20) transmits only ions having a predetermined mass. The ions are passed through a stripper target (80) comprising helium and / or hydrogen as a stripping gas to change the charge state of said ions from negative to positive charge and to dissociate molecular ions by collisions. A second mass analyzer (110, 130) transmits ions in charge state 1+ having the predetermined mass, which are detected by a detector (140). By using helium and / or hydrogen gas and detecting ions in charge state 1+, it becomes possible to use kinetic energies below 200 keV without excessive transmission losses due to angular straggling. At sufficiently low energies, no additional acceleration is required after ions have been extracted from the ion source. In alternative embodiments, no mass selection is carried out before charge exchange takes place.

The present invention relates to nano material technology, especially, hydrophilic nano montmorillonite and its preparation. The hydrochloric acid solution of organic intercalating agent is added to the water solution of sodium-base montmorillonite with charge exchange amount of 80-100 mmol / 100 g to prepare organic montmorillonite slurry with the molar charge exchange amount ratio between the organic intercalating agent and montmorillonite being 1-2. Modifiying agent in the molar amount of 1-4 time that of the added organic intercalating agent is added to the slurry via stirring at 40-80 deg.c for 3-6 hr to obtain the hydrophilic nano montmorillonite comprising montmorillonite and organic intercalating agent in the weight ratio of 1-10.

The present invention provides a plasma etching method. Between upper electrode and lower electrode the etching gas and plasma for diluting said gas are produced, it utilizes the charge exchange reaction of ions being in said plasma and neutral particles to make the neutral particles be ionized and injected into the semiconductor chip W for etching said chip.

The invention discloses a charging system and a charging method of a charging-replacing electric vehicle. The system comprises a battery consumption measuring module of an electric vehicle, a chargingand replacing control module of the electric vehicle, a BMS of the electric vehicle, a VCU of the electric vehicle, a locking device of a power battery pack of the electric vehicle, a charging and replacing station server, a charging pile, a replacing device, a data terminal server and a mobile phone customer service terminal. At work, the charging and exchanging station server sends out power consumption inquiry information to the charging and exchanging control module of the electric vehicle, the charging / replacing control module inquires the output electric quantity information of the power battery stored in the battery electric quantity measuring module, and transmitting the power quantity information to the charging and replacing station server, the charging and replacing substationserver calculates the cost according to the power quantity and transmits the cost information to the data terminal server, the data terminal server sends the payment information to the mobile phone customer service end, the vehicle owner pays the cost through the mobile phone customer service end, and after the payment is completed, the vehicle owner selects charging or power exchange service.

A high-energy ion implanter monitors the recycling of a charge exchanging gas that is supplied to a stripper of a tandem accelerator. When the charge exchanging gas leaks out from the stripper and then flows into both energy boxes adjacent the tandem accelerator, gas sensors in the energy boxes measure the amount of the charge exchanging gas and send corresponding data to a controller. The controller compares the measured data with a standard data on the charge exchanging gas. When the measured data is different from the standard data, a pre-established interlocking system breaks off the operation of the implanter.

The invention relates to a mini-sized supercapacitor with high flexibility and high transparency and a large-scale preparation method of the mini-sized supercapacitor. The mini-sized supercapacitor comprises a substrate; a current collector metal is deposited on the substrate to be used as an interdigitated electrode. The mini-sized supercapacitor is characterized in that a polyaniline / carbon composite material is loaded on the interdigitated electrode through electrostatic spinning to form a three-dimensional conductive network nanowire structure; the three-dimensional conductive network nanowire structure is coated with vanadium oxide through deposition of an atomic layer. The mini-sized supercapacitor and the large-scale preparation method have the benefits that the large-scale preparation method is characterized in that through the construction of the three-dimensional conductive network nanowire structure, the charge exchange between an electrolyte ion and an electrode material is accelerated, and the surface of the three-dimensional conductive network nanowire structure is coated with V2O5 through the deposition of the atomic layer, so that the pseudocapacitance capacity of a device is enhanced, and the energy and the power density of a capacitor are improved. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the nanowire network, the high flexibility and high transparency of the device are achieved conveniently and easily.

The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel-injected, especially a directly fuel-injected, reciprocating internal combustion engine. Said engine comprises at least one outlet valve per cylinder, communicating with an exhaust gas installation, and at least one inlet valve, communicating with an air inlet installation, and means for increasing the boost pressure in the air inlet installation. The method is characterized in that a control device for variably adjusting at least the opening times of the inlet valves is provided and that in the lower engine speed range the inlet opening times of the inlet valves can be adjusted via the control device in such a manner that there is a valve overlap with the closing time of the corresponding outlet valves, thereby scavenging the cylinder with fresh charge air before charge exchange in the area of top dead center.

An electrochemical storage device comprises a plurality of layer electrodes, wherein each layer electrode includes a first charged sector and a second charged sector, wherein the second charged sector is charged oppositely compared to the first charged sector, and wherein the plurality of layer electrodes are assembled with respect to each other such that the first charged sector of a first plate of the plurality of layer electrodes is laid below the second charged sector of a second plate of the plurality of layer electrodes located immediately above the first plate, wherein the charges of the first charged sectors of the first and second plates have a first sign and the charges of the second charged sectors of the first and second plates have a second sign that is opposite the first sign; a separator sector located, and enabling ionic charge exchange between the first charged sector of the first plate and the second charged sector of the second plate.

An improved double chamber ion source comprising a plasma generating chamber, a charge exchange chamber and a divider structure therebetween. The charge exchange chamber includes magnetic shielding material to reduce exposure of interior components to magnetic field lines externally generated. The double compartment ion source further comprises inclusion of a heat shield and / or a cooling system to overcome deleterious effects caused by increased temperature in the plasma generating chamber. The divider structure has a plurality of apertures having a configuration to reduce surface area on the divider structure in the charge exchange chamber.

Flexible member energy conversion device (550) converts flexible member (100) deflection mechanical energy to electrical energy. Flexible member (100) deflects and conforms to surface (40) as wheel (20) rotates while transporting load (10). Energy conversion device (550) is comprised of single or multiple electroactive polymer transducers (500), charge exchange mean (350), charge element (402), and recovery element (403). Transducer (500) is comprised of a top electrode (504), a bottom electrode (506) separated by an elastomeric polymer spacer (502). In this configuration, transducer (500) functions as a variable capacitor. Transducer (500) is elevated in capacitance when in stretched configuration and reduced capacitance when in unstretched configuration. Energy conversion device (500) produces electrical energy by transferring electric charge from charge element (402), through charge exchange means (350) to transducer (500) in stretched configuration. Transducer (500) is then allowed to return to an unstretched configuration. The charge in transducer (500) increases in energy when the transducer (500) returns to relaxed configuration. This causes the electrical charge to flow to recovery element (403) through charge exchange means (350).

Disclosed is an ion gate for a dual IMS and method. The ion gate includes an ion source, a first gate electrode placed on one side of the ion source, a second gate electrode placed on the other side of the ion source, a third gate electrode placed on the side of the first gate electrode away from the ion source, a fourth gate electrode placed on the side of the second gate electrode away from the ion source, wherein during the ion storage, the potential at the position on the tube axis of the ion gate corresponding to the first gate electrode is different from the potentials at the positions on the tube axis corresponding to the ion source and the third gate electrode, and the potential at the position on the tube axis corresponding to the second gate electrode is different from the potentials at the positions on the tube axis corresponding to the ion source and the fourth gate electrode. According to the present invention, after sample gas enters the ion gates, charge exchange with reaction ions occurs between the first gate electrode and the second electrode, and positive and negative ions are continuously stored into the storage regions for the positive and negative ions. This leads to an improvement of utility rate of ions. Then, the ions are educed in a step-wise manner from the storage regions for the positive and negative ions by a simple control of a combination of the electrodes.

The present invention is a method and apparatus for identifying a mixture of particles using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). The particles are first reacted in a charge exchange reaction within the FT-ICR MS chamber using ionic partners that are chosen to discriminate among components of the mixture based on ionization potential. Mass spectra of test runs using different ionic partners may then be compared to identify components based on information gathered about both molecular mass and ionization potential.

A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising: a pair of MOS transistors which are formed in a same well on a semiconductor substrate and arranged adjacent to each other with a distance such that charge exchange between capacitances of respective drain diffusion layers is possible; and a wiring structure which is formed to apply differential signals to respective gates of the pair of MOS transistors and to apply a common potential to respective sources of the pair of MOS transistors.

The apparatus includes a driving shaft (21) with a first gear wheel (22), a frame (23) able to rotate within limits about the driving shaft, a servo mechanism or similar means for controlling the angular position of the frame, a valve-lifting crankshaft (25) with a second gear wheel (24) supported by the frame, a rocker cam assembly (29), a connecting rod (27) pivotally connected to the valve-lifting crankshaft and the rocker cam assembly, a cam follower (32) operatively connected to a charge exchange valve (35), and a spring or similar means (33) for urging the cam follower against a cam lobe. The engine rotates the driving shaft. The first gear wheel rotates the second gearwheel and the valve-lifting crankshaft. The connecting rod transmits motion from the valve-lifting crankshaft to the rocker cam assembly. Stroke, lifting duration, and phase can be controlled by the angular position of the frame.

The invention relates to a carbon counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a preparation method for the carbon counter electrode, and belongs to the field of carbon materials. The carbon counter electrode consists of a carbon substrate and a carbon catalytically-active layer compounded on the surface of the carbon substrate. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: forming and carbonizing the carbon substrate, and compounding and carbonizing the carbon catalytically-active layer on the carbon substrate. Because the precursor polymer solution of the carbon catalytically-active layer has a pore seepage effect in the coating compounding process, the polymer solution is firmly attached to the carbon substrate, and an integrated structure is formed by high-temperature carbonization. The prepared carbon counter electrode has high catalytic activity and good electric conductivity, the series resistance and the interface charge exchange resistance of a cell element are reduced, and the short-circuit current density (Jsc), the filling factor (ff) and the photoelectric conversion efficiency (eta) of the dye-sensitized solar cell are improved.

A system for charging a vehicle includes a forward model for modeling vehicle charging data for a plurality of vehicles, and a charge exchange market which, based on the forward model, facilitates an agreement for transmitting power to a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles via a dynamic power grid including a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles. A system of managing power consumption in the vehicle includes, an optimizing unit for optimizing a plurality of parameters to determine a power to be consumed by the vehicle based on a plurality of power source signatures for a plurality of power sources, and an operating mode setting unit for setting an operating mode for powering the vehicle based on the determined power.

The invention relates to a 1000-Kv tension-resistant horizontal insulator charged exchange device. The device comprises a large-bypass stressing system, wherein the large-bypass stressing system comprises a tension-resistant front clamp and a tension-resistant rear clamp; an insulating pull bar is arranged between the tension-resistant front clamp and the tension-resistant rear clamp; a wire-tensioning device is arranged at the end head of the insulating pull bar; and a functional opening is formed on the tension-resistant front clamp. The invention provides the tension-resistant horizontal insulator charged exchange device, which is convenient to operate, exchanges devices simply and is safe and reliable to use.

A multiple component compound containing a molecular encapsulator and an aromatic complex is able to neutralize a wide variety of offensive odors, called malodors. The molecular encapsulator encapsulates molecules of malodors, including those derived from substances with sulfur groups or ammonia groups. The aromatic complex, via charge exchanges, disrupts the bonds of molecules of other malodors, including those derived from substances with fatty acids. Also, the compound may include a fragrance component, which would mask any remaining odor not addressed by the other components and would provide an overall fragrance as is desired.

The invention discloses a small-caliber and variable-aperture grid assembly. The target of prolonging the service life of an ion thruster is achieved by improving the beam extraction uniformity and prolonging the service life of the grid assembly. An accelerating grid in the grid assembly is uniform in diameter; an opening region of a screen grid is divided into a plurality of regions with different pore diameters; the pore diameters are sequentially increased progressively from small to large from the center region to the edge region, so that the beam extraction in the center region is suppressed and reduced; and the beam in the edge region is increased to improve the beam uniformity. Due to the reduction of the beam in the center region, charge exchange ions in the region can be effectively reduced, so that sputtering corrosion to the region of the grid assembly caused by the charge exchange ions is reduced, and the service life of the grid assembly is prolonged.