502 results about "Digital printing" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of decorative materials, in particular to a decorative material with a 3D texture structure and a preparation method and application of the decorative material. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out digital printing on a pretreated substrate to obtain a 2D pattern layer on the surface of the substrate; coating the surface of the 2D pattern layer with a photocuring coating, carrying out preliminary curing, and then carrying out ink-jet printing of a texture developing solution on the surface subjected to preliminary curing to carry out secondary curing, so as to obtain a cured coating; the cured coating comprises a hardened part and an unhardened part; and after an unhardened part in the cured coating is removed through polishing and wire drawing, a surface coating is coated, and the decorative material with the 3D texture structure is obtained. The textures with different widths and depths can be obtained in a manner of combining primary curing of the coating with ultraviolet absorption of the developing solution, and then a microcosmic coarse and visual smooth form is obtained through polishing and wire drawing treatment, so that the obtained 3D texture structure is closer to natural textures.

A multiple layered print structure and apparatus to apply a design or image to fabric or cloth is disclosed. The structure may include one or more print layers printed on a substrate and an adhesive layer deposited on the print layer(s). The one or more print layer(s) and adhesive or resin layer may be deposited on the substrate in a pre-set pattern to form the shape profile for the design or image. The print layer(s) include inks or dyes for printing the print features and / or background color(s) of the image or design. The ink may be combined with a binder material to form the print layer(s). In some embodiments, the process includes the step of printing the multiple layered print structure using a combination of digital printing processes simplify the process for printing a design or image on fabric or cloth.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent printing production management, and discloses an intelligent digital printing management method based on data processing. According to the method, before a printing task enters actual production, a virtual task sandbox is created for pre-scheduling deduction; in the sandbox, an order is disassembled into atomic processes through a task decomposition model, and a virtual execution agent binding real-time states of equipment and materials is created for each process. A cross-process constraint network is constructed based on proxy simulation to quantify dependency, competition and space-time conflicts between processes. And operating the constraint to meet the solving process, performing dynamic relaxation and adjustment on the network constraint, and outputting a feasible pre-scheduling scheme. And finally, synchronizing the scheme to a real production queue to start production, and collecting actual data to continuously correct the model and the network. According to the method, the risk-free simulation optimization before production and the dynamic quantitative coordination of the production process are realized, and the scheduling precision, the resource utilization rate and the production delivery reliability are improved.

A method for producing engineered stone slabs includes depositing fragments onto a surface and using a height limiting device to disrupt the fragments so a height of the fragments at the highest point from the supporting structure is substantially the same height as the height limiting device from the supporting structure. The method then includes using a digital printing device, in a first digital printing step, to print an image onto at least part of a top and side walls of at least some of the fragments, and then depositing additional composite material onto at least some of the fragments. The method further includes using a digital printing device, in an additional digital printing step, to print an image onto at least part of the additional damp composite material, and then using a press roller to press, flatten and stretch the fragments into a slab.

This invention presents a frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging system, enhancing capabilities with a spatial beam attenuator and pinhole beam splitter. The spatial beam attenuator reshapes any beam into a circular Gaussian beam profile, being compact, cost-effective, with low loss and back reflection. Using digital printing technology, a thin optical film is deposited onto an optical substrate for precise local attenuation of the beam in either transmission or reflection mode. The pinhole beam splitter consists of an optical beam splitter with an active region the size of a pinhole, positioned near the beam's focus, which directs focused light into two paths based on acceptance or rejection by the pinhole. This configuration allows for two detectors to collect photons from both paths concurrently, facilitating dual-mode imaging. Consequently, the system can generate both confocal and conventional non-confocal laser scanning fluorescence lifetime images of the sample at the same time.

The invention belongs to the technical field of UV ink formula design and digital printing application, and particularly relates to scratch-resistant UV ink, a preparation method thereof and application of the scratch-resistant UV ink to digital printing. The scratch-resistant UV ink comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of epoxy acrylate; 10 to 20 parts of polyurethane acrylate; 15 to 25 parts of a bifunctional monomer; 5-10 parts of a monomer with three functional groups and more than three functional groups; 3 to 5 parts of an alpha-hydroxy ketone photoinitiator; 2 to 4 parts of an acyl phosphorus oxide photoinitiator; 2 to 5 parts of organically modified nano silicon dioxide; 0.1 part to 0.5 part of a flatting agent; 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a dispersing agent; 10 to 15 parts of pigment; the bifunctional monomer is tripropylene glycol diacrylate; the monomer with three functional groups and more than three functional groups is trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The ink has pencil hardness greater than or equal to 3H and excellent flexibility, the adhesive force on substrates such as PC, PET, metal and the like reaches 0 level, the printing process is simplified, and the ink is suitable for digital printing in various scenes.

The utility model relates to the technical field of digital printing, and discloses a digital printing product which comprises a printing stock, a first gloss oil layer, a first shimmering powder layer and a first color ink layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, and the printing stock is made of a transparent material. According to the digital printing product, printing is conducted on the back face of the transparent printing stock, the pattern can be protected, it is guaranteed that the product has a good visual effect all the time, the effect of front viewing through back face printing and the effect of front viewing and back face viewing through back face printing can be achieved, the perception effect of the pattern cannot be affected, and the product quality is improved. And a better perception effect can be obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition, in particular to a digital printing chromatic aberration automatic detection and adjustment method based on AI image processing, which comprises the following steps of: calibrating actually measured chromatic aberration and parameter offset to construct a lookup table, collecting an image to be detected to calculate real-time chromatic aberration, and calculating the real-time chromatic aberration; and based on the lookup table, extracting the parameter offset of the minimum distance by using the Manhattan distance to generate an adjustment instruction, sending the instruction to adjust the ink, and collecting new data to update the lookup table. According to the method, the color difference vector and parameter offset mapping lookup table is constructed in the calibration stage, direct association of the color deviation and the hardware adjustment instruction is achieved, the real-time color difference vector is rapidly matched with the Manhattan distance in the detection process, the optimal parameter offset is extracted to generate the adjustment instruction, manual interpretation and manual configuration are replaced, and the detection accuracy is improved. And after execution, a new image is collected to update the lookup table, so that the system continuously optimizes and adjusts the strategy, the detection instantaneity and the closed-loop automation level are improved, and accurate and stable color rendition is ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of printing machines, and particularly discloses a package digital printing machine which comprises a sliding device, a conveying device, a driving device and a driving device. The jet printing trolley comprises a trolley main body and a jet printing mechanism mounted on the trolley main body, and the trolley main body is slidably connected to the first lifting mechanism; the bearing table is arranged below the sliding device, and the bearing table comprises a bearing frame and a guide roller rotationally connected to the bearing frame; the unwinding device is arranged on one side of the bearing table; the winding device is arranged on the other side of the bearing table; wherein the unwinding device is used for releasing coiled materials, the guide roller is used for bearing and conveying the coiled materials released by the unwinding device, and the winding device is used for winding the coiled materials conveyed by the guide roller. The package digital printing machine is suitable for printing of coiled materials, and the printing efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a physical random anti-counterfeiting generation and identification method, which relates to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting, and realizes high-safety, low-cost and easily-integrated anti-counterfeiting and traceability management by generating a unique physical texture through double-overprint micro-dislocation and combining multi-light-source acquisition, phase feature extraction, self-supervised alignment and dynamic threshold judgment. The system can be seamlessly connected with production management systems such as MES, WMS and the like, and supports full-link digital tracing. A unique physical texture is automatically generated on the basis of digital printing double-overprint micro-dislocation, an exclusive fingerprint is injected into each hang tag, binding with a cloud database is carried out through a two-dimensional code, production end generation, circulation end tracking and consumption end one-key verification are achieved, and safety, economical efficiency and large-scale landing are considered; on the premise that the printing cost is not obviously increased, a unique physical fingerprint which cannot be transferred, is difficult to copy and can be quickly read by a machine is generated for each clothing tag, and credible data mapping which runs through factory delivery, circulation and terminal verification is constructed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of digital printing heat transfer printing materials, and particularly relates to a static-free loose-powder DTF transfer printing film and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem of contradiction among antistatic function, ink adsorption and peel strength of the current DTF transfer film. According to the invention, the ionic liquid antistatic agent coated by the polymer microcapsule is dispersed in the water-based resin adhesive to form the lower antistatic network structure layer; meanwhile, the crystallization behavior of the crystalline polyester hot melt adhesive resin taking bio-based 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid as a rigid component is regulated and controlled through surface modified boron nitride nanosheets, a phase separation curing process is utilized, so that an antistatic network stably exists at the lower part of the coating, and hot melt adhesive resin microcrystals are selectively enriched on the outermost surface of the coating; and a thermally induced phase change bonding layer is formed, so that no static electricity disturbs powder in the printing and powder scattering processes.

The utility model relates to the technical field of digital printing equipment, in particular to a driving device of a hollow heating adsorption tube, which comprises a platform, an adsorption tube, a driving roller, a driving component and a transmission component, the output end of the driving component is connected with a driving shaft and the transmission component, the driving roller is sleeved outside the driving shaft, and the transmission component is connected with the adsorption tube; the adsorption pipe is arranged at the front end of the platform, and the driving roller is arranged at the rear end of the platform; the transmission assembly comprises a first synchronous belt assembly and a second synchronous belt 523 assembly. By means of high-precision synchronous belt transmission and servo motor closed-loop control, the material film conveying speed is stable, tension is uniform, the stretch rate is controlled within 0.5%, the quality problems of pattern distortion, size deviation and the like caused by tensile deformation are effectively avoided, the product consistency and yield are improved, and the equipment operation and maintenance cost and energy consumption are reduced.

The utility model provides a fabric conveying device of a digital printing machine, which relates to the technical field of fabric conveying and comprises a base, a dust removal mechanism is arranged above the base and comprises a dust cover, the lower end of the dust cover is fixedly connected with the upper end of the base, and symmetrically distributed through grooves are formed in two sides of the dust cover. By means of the dust removal mechanism, a high-pressure nozzle of the dust removal mechanism obliquely blows air through a bent pipe, dust and impurities of fabric are accurately stripped, the dust removal mechanism is matched with the dust suction hopper, an air bellow and a filter screen, floating dust is rapidly collected and filtered, secondary pollution is avoided, an exhaust fan accelerates airflow circulation, the dust removal efficiency is improved, and the dust removal efficiency is improved. A servo electric cylinder in the leveling mechanism drives a movable elastic compression roller to adapt to fabrics with different thicknesses, a pressure sensor monitors extrusion force in real time, it is guaranteed that dust removal is convenient when the fabrics are conveyed in a tight mode, damage to the fabrics is avoided, and therefore the effect of improving the fabric printing quality is achieved.

The invention relates to a pre-treatment device (102) for pre-treating at least one container (5) having a longitudinal axis (C) with an outer surface to be subjected to inkjet digital printing, comprising a plasma emission device, a worktable (2) supporting at least one support spindle (6) supporting at least one container (5), wherein the worktable (2) has a rotation axis (L), wherein the spindle (6) has an axis (M) oriented radially with respect to the rotation axis (L) of the worktable (2), wherein the worktable (2) is configured to carry the spindle (6) and park it at an exposed position at which the outer surface of the container (5) is exposed to the plasma.

The invention belongs to the field of automobile interior manufacturing, and discloses an automobile interior real wood surface digital printing process which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a base material: selecting a wood veneer of 0.3-0.6 mm, cutting the wood veneer, polishing, spraying water for humidifying and mechanically leveling; the surface of the wood veneer is colored and sprayed with a transparent resin protection layer, then the surface of the protection layer is treated through a plasma surface treatment technology, and the surface energy and the chemical activity of the protection layer are improved; s3, digital printing: coating the surface of the treated protective layer with a bottom coating liquid, printing a pattern by using digital jet printing equipment, and then carrying out UV curing; s4, interior trim part forming, wherein the printed and cured wood veneer is attached to the automobile interior trim plastic base material at the temperature of 55-60 DEG C; and S5, surface layer protection: applying transparent protective finish paint on the surface of the laminated product. The process can solve the problems that the printing definition of an ink layer on the real wood surface of the existing automotive trim is low, and the ink layer is easy to peel, wrinkle and bloom in the processing or using process.

In a method for operating a digital printing press, sheets (4) are aligned in an alignment station (1) and then printed in a printing station (2). The sheets (4) are detected in the alignment station (1) by means of first sensors (11, 12) and aligned by means of alignment rollers (15, 16). After alignment in the alignment station (1), the sheets (4) are detected again by means of second sensors (22, 23), and signals from the second sensors (22, 23) are used to control the alignment station (1). Furthermore, a digital printing press suitable for carrying out this operating method has been provided.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a printing sheet for digital printing using a screen yarn woven with a polyester monofilament capable of directly outputting (printing) by a digital printing machine (a digital inkjet plotter, a printer, etc.) and a printing sheet for digital printing according to the same, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a printing sheet for digital printing using a screen yarn woven with a polyester monofilament by a post-processing including first and second coating processes, a compression process, a drying process, a side cutting process, and a winding process and a printing sheet for digital printing manufactured by the same.

The utility model discloses a printing positioning device of digital printing machine, include: printing machine main part, including frame shell, display screen, control button, article board and printing export, display screen is located frame shell's upper end, control button is located frame shell's upper end, article board is located frame shell's one side, positioning component sets up article board's upper end, including fixed in article board bottom's support frame, and the middle part of support frame is connected with double -end cylinder, can solve the following insufficient that current digital printing machine paper positioning technique exists generally, first, overdependence on manual operation, and positioning process is time -consuming and labor -intensive, and the degree of automation is low, second, manual positioning or adjustment is time -consuming, and the whole printing efficiency is influenced, especially when more obvious in single frequency, finally, for the paper of different size, the adjustment positioning device is inconvenient, and the multifunctionality of equipment is affected.

The utility model relates to the technical field of tableware printing, in particular to an automatic printing device for digital jet printing of tableware, which comprises a conveying unit, an automatic box dividing unit, a plasma surface treatment unit and a digital jet printing unit which are sequentially erected above the conveying unit. The automatic box separating unit comprises an adjusting mechanism and four discharging mechanisms, and the four discharging mechanisms are fixedly installed on the adjusting mechanism. The feeding mechanism has the advantages that by arranging the lengthening plates, more meal boxes can be placed among the four feeding mechanisms, when the number of the meal boxes among the four feeding mechanisms is reduced and the height of the stacked meal boxes is lower than the bottom ends of the lengthening plates, one lengthening plate can be pulled out and taken down, then the meal boxes continue to be stacked among the four feeding mechanisms, and the meal boxes can be placed among the four feeding mechanisms. After the meal boxes are stacked, the lengthened plate which is taken down is remounted to the original position, so that the problem that materials need to be placed frequently is avoided, and filling is facilitated.

The use of non-aqueous digital UV / LED inks for printing a flexible material is disclosed, especially for printing fabrics and hides. Moreover, an improved process is disclosed for digitally printing on flexible materials, by using said non-aqueous digital UV and / or LED inks. The resulting printed flexible materials are soft and matt, with an excellent colour fastness to rubbing, while still conveniently maintaining the initial flexibility. Moreover, it should be appreciated that resulting printed flexible materials are also completely odourless, differently from the materials printed according to the prior art.

The utility model discloses a multilayer composite digital printing paperboard, which relates to the field of paperboard structures and comprises a surface layer, a core layer and a bottom layer, and a composite water-resistant system formed by combining zirconium carbonate amine and alkenyl succinic anhydride is adopted in pulp of the surface layer, the core layer and the bottom layer. According to the multilayer composite digital printing paperboard, a composite water-resistant system formed by combining zirconium carbonate amine and alkenyl succinic anhydride is specially added into the paper pulp of the surface layer, the core layer and the bottom layer of the multilayer composite digital printing paperboard, so that the zirconium carbonate amine and the alkenyl succinic anhydride are uniformly distributed in the paper pulp of each layer, the composite water-resistant system plays a key role, and the overall water-resistant performance of the paperboard is remarkably improved. Even in a humid environment, the paper board is not prone to absorbing water, the problems of deformation, strength reduction and the like can be avoided, and therefore the paper board can be well matched with a water vapor contact packaging scene, and the using effect is guaranteed.

The utility model relates to the technical field of presswork conveying, and discloses a conveying device for digital presswork, which comprises a conveying frame for conveying the presswork, the inner side of the conveying frame is in sliding connection with a second sliding frame, and the second sliding frame is in transmission connection with a lifting driving piece and is in sliding connection with a first sliding frame. A lock pin making contact with the conveying frame is arranged on the outer portion of the second sliding frame in a threaded mode, a conveying supporting roller is rotationally connected to the inner side of the conveying frame, a first sliding frame is slidably connected to the inner side of the conveying frame, a lifting driving piece is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding frame, and a drying supporting roller is rotationally connected to the inner side of the sliding frame; a proximity switch connected with the lifting driving piece is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the sliding frame, and a drying assembly is fixedly installed on the inner side bottom wall of the sliding frame. The conveying device for the digital presswork has the advantage that the printed presswork can be conveniently dried.

The utility model relates to the technical field of digital printing machines, in particular to a digital printing nozzle cleaning tool which comprises an installation base, a supporting plate, an adjusting frame, an adjusting mechanism, a movable box and a driving mechanism. A mounting rack is arranged at the top of the mounting base; a nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the mounting rack; the number of the supporting plates is two, and the two supporting plates are located on one side of the mounting frame and fixedly connected with the mounting base. The adjusting frame is arranged between the supporting plates, and the two ends of the adjusting frame are rotationally connected with the two supporting plates correspondingly. The adjusting mechanism is arranged on the mounting frame; the movable box is arranged in the adjusting frame, and a cleaning brush is rotationally arranged on one side of the movable box; and the driving mechanism is arranged on the movable box. The adjusting mechanism, the driving mechanism and the adjusting frame are arranged in a matched mode, so that the using number of driving parts is reduced, actions of moving parts are optimized, the production and manufacturing cost of equipment is effectively reduced, and then the market competitiveness of the equipment is improved.

The utility model discloses a book digital printing machine, which relates to the technical field of printing machines and comprises a digital printing machine body, a first leaning plate is distributed on the side edge of the digital printing machine body, a second leaning plate is arranged above the first leaning plate, and the side wall of the first leaning plate is fixedly connected with a connecting plate. And the connecting plate is inserted into the supporting rod. By arranging the first leaning plate and the second leaning plate, when a worker stands at the end of the digital printing machine body for feeding, part of the weight of the body can lean on the first leaning plate and the second leaning plate, so that physical fatigue is effectively relieved, the working efficiency of the worker can be effectively improved, and the working efficiency of the worker is improved. The connecting plate and the supporting rod are arranged, in the using process, through mutual cooperation of the connecting plate and the supporting rod, the first leaning plate and the second leaning plate can be folded and stored after use, so that the occupied area of the first leaning plate and the second leaning plate is reduced, and the using convenience of the device can be effectively improved.

The application relates to the field of intelligent manufacturing and printing processes, and discloses a digital printing equipment image optimization system based on dynamic texture mapping, which comprises the following steps: constructing a dynamic manifold representation space of printing parameters, realizing global optimization through a curvature-driven quantum annealing algorithm; designing an online correction mechanism of a connection coefficient and a multistage fault-tolerant protocol, establishing a differential homeomorphism mapping from quantum optimization results to execution instructions; extracting optimization features by using a manifold adaptive wavelet transform, and combining deep reinforcement learning to generate pulse shaping control quantities. The method breaks through the local extremum limitation of traditional optimization, realizes adaptive control under material property drift, solves the control mismatch problem caused by multi-physical field coupling, and improves the precision stability and working condition adaptability of complex texture printing.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ink droplet measurement, and relates to an ink droplet volume measurement method and device and a digital printer, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the test processing of a test file, and obtaining the volume value of a single ink droplet; according to the volume value, performing verification processing on a first verification file to obtain first ink consumption; error value checking is conducted on the first ink consumption amount, if the error value does not meet a preset range, a circulation process is executed till a preset condition is met, and the circulation process comprises the steps that compensation correction processing is conducted on the volume value, and a corrected volume value is obtained; according to the corrected volume value, performing verification processing on a second verification file to obtain second ink consumption; performing the error value test on the second ink consumption; wherein the preset condition is the preset range satisfied by the error value, and the first verification file and the second verification file are files of the same type, so that high-precision measurement of the volume of the ink droplet is realized.

The application discloses a party clothes digital printing equipment with a drying mechanism and a processing method, which comprises an outer body, a first sliding rail is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the outer body, a digital printing head is connected to the first sliding rail through a first sliding block, a bottom frame is fixedly connected to the bottom end inner wall of the outer body, a second sliding rail is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the outer body, two support mechanisms are arranged on the second sliding rail at equal intervals, and a drying mechanism is connected to each support mechanism through an adjusting mechanism respectively; the adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding groove, the sliding groove is fixed to the top end of the second sliding rail, a fourth sliding block is movably clamped in the sliding groove, a supporting rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the fourth sliding block, and a U-shaped support is movably sleeved with the supporting rod, the party clothes digital printing equipment with the drying mechanism and the processing method disclosed by the application can effectively improve the drying efficiency while guaranteeing the drying effect, and can reduce the cost.

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of zip-top can printing equipment, and provides zip-top can printing and coating equipment which comprises a bottom frame and a processing box, the bottom frame is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the processing box, a first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom frame, and a bearing plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating shaft. The two ends of the bearing plate are rotationally connected with containing plates through third rotating shafts correspondingly, and clamping assemblies are arranged on the containing plates in a matched mode. The top end in the treatment box is fixedly connected with a fixing rod, the lower end of the fixing rod is fixedly connected with a fixing plate, the fixing plate is rotatably connected with a first rotating plate through a fourth rotating shaft, two ends of the first rotating plate are fixedly connected with second rotating shafts, and the lower ends of the second rotating shafts are rotatably connected with the corresponding placing plates; two symmetrical displacement assemblies are further fixedly arranged at the top end in the treatment box, one displacement assembly is provided with a digital printing device, and the other displacement assembly is provided with a spraying device. The utility model has the advantages that the printing pattern can be quickly switched, the production cycle is shortened, and the influence on the environment is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for producing value documents (1), such as banknotes, checks, credit cards or other payment cards, identity cards or the like. A substrate body (2) having a front side (3) and a rear side (4) is provided, and a printing layer (6) is printed onto the front side (3) of the substrate body (2) using a first ink (5) and a second ink (15). The magnetically orientable pigment is orientated using a magnet device (11), and then the magnetically orientable pigment is fixed by a curing matrix in the orientated state using a curing device (13). At least the first ink (5) is printed in a digital printing process by means of a first print head (7) which releases the first ink (5) in a dot grid in the form of drops such that the printed layer (6) forms a digital printed layer at least with respect to the first ink (5), the first ink (5) and the second ink (15) having two different colors, and the magnetically orientable pigments each comprise a multi-layer composite structure comprising at least a magnetic layer.

The invention discloses a nuclear micropore anti-counterfeit label with digital printing images and texts and a production process thereof, the anti-counterfeit label comprises a nuclear micropore film layer, a bonding layer, an optical film layer and a digital printing layer which are sequentially distributed from bottom to top, the nuclear micropore film layer is provided with a nuclear micropore area, the nuclear micropore area is provided with set patterns / characters, and the nuclear micropore film layer is provided with a positioning cursor; the bonding layer is arranged above the nuclear microporous membrane layer; the light film layer is arranged above the bonding layer and is compounded with the nuclear microporous film layer through the bonding layer; the digital printing layer is arranged above the optical film layer, the digital printing layer is provided with set digital printing patterns in a positioning mode through a positioning cursor, a multi-level anti-counterfeiting structure is formed through the digital printing patterns and the nuclear micropore area, the anti-counterfeiting performance is improved, the digital printing patterns are printed in a positioning mode through the positioning cursor, and the anti-counterfeiting effect is improved. The position precision between the digital printing pattern and the nuclear micropore area is improved, identification and distinguishing are easy, and the copying difficulty is large.