1468results about "Electrographic processes using charge pattern" patented technology

Electronic display devices and methods are described. In one embodiment, a display device comprises a housing and a display area provided within the housing to display content for a user. Memory is provided within the housing to hold data that is to be rendered into user-viewable content. An electrophotographic assembly is provided within the housing and is configured to electrophotographically render user-viewable content from the data that is held in the memory. A loop of material is disposed proximate the electrophotographic assembly and is configured to receive electrophotographically rendered content and present the content for user viewing within the display area. A control area is provided on the housing and includes one or more user-engagable structures to permit a user to interact with the device. The control area is positioned on the housing to accommodate one-handed use of the device. In one embodiment, the control area is provided on a sidewall that extends between front and back faces of the housing. The user-engagable structures can comprise any suitable user engagable structure, with an exemplary structure comprising a rocker-type switch which accommodates one-handed use of the display reader.

This invention relates to an electrophoretic display with improved contrast ratio, switching performance, reflectivity at the Dmin state and structural integrity, and methods for its manufacture.

A color filter array is provided in an electro-optic display by ink jet printing a plurality of colored areas (22R, 22G, 22B) on one surface of a layer of electro-optic material (12), an adhesive layer or a protective layer. Alternatively, the ink jet printing may be effected on the same layers in various sub-assemblies used to produce electro-optic displays.

A system and method are provided for control of a navigation system for deploying a medical device within a subject, and for enhancement of a display image of anatomical features for viewing the projected location and movement of medical devices, and projected locations of a variety of anatomical features and other spatial markers in the operating region. The display of the X-ray imaging system information is augmented in a manner such that a physician can more easily become oriented in three dimensions with the use of a single-plane X-ray display. The projection of points and geometrical shapes within the subject body onto a known imaging plane can be obtained using associated imaging parameters and projective geometry.

A tandem color electrostatographic printer apparatus has five or more color printing stations or modules for applying respective color separation toner images to a receiver member to form a pentachrome color image in a single pass. A fuser station fuses the pentachrome color image. A clear toner overcoat is then applied to the fused pentachrome toner image and enhanced glossing of the image is provided by a belt glosser to improve color gamut.

An efficient method for the microfabrication of electronic devices which have been adapted for the analyses of biologically significant analyte species is described. The techniques of the present invention allow for close control over the dimensional features of the various components and layers established on a suitable substrate. Such control extends to those parts of the devices which incorporate the biological components which enable these devices to function as biological sensors. The materials and methods disclosed herein thus provide an effective means for the mass production of uniform wholly microfabricated biosensors. Various embodiments of the devices themselves are described herein which are especially suited for real time analyses of biological samples in a clinical setting. In particular, the present invention describes assays which can be performed using certain ligand/ligand receptor-based biosensor embodiments. The present invention also discloses a novel method for the electrochemical detection of particular analyte species of biological and physiological significance using an substrate/label signal generating pair which produces a change in the concentration of electroactive species selected from the group consisting of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide.

There is provided a positive type resin composition comprising (A) a resin component comprising within the principal chain a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylate ester and incorporating an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group containing a polycyclic group on an ester side chain section, for which the solubility in alkali increases under the action of acid, (B) an acid generator component which generates acid on exposure, and (C) an organic solvent, wherein the component (A) comprises both a structural unit derived from a methacrylate ester and a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester. According to such a resist composition, a resist pattern can be formed which displays little surface roughness and line edge roughness on etching, and also offers excellent resolution and a wide depth of focus range.

This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising cells of well-defined shape, size and aspect ratio which cells are filled with charged pigment particles dispersed in a solvent, and novel processes for its manufacture.

A fixing device including a fixing member to melt a toner image to fix the toner image to a recording medium, a pressing member pressed against the fixing member to form a nip to where the recording medium is conveyed, multiple temperature detectors to detect a temperature at multiple positions on a surface of the pressing member in a width direction thereof, a heating member including a heating layer to heat the fixing member; an exciting coil to generate magnetic fluxes to inductively heat the heating layer, and one or more pairs of degaussing coils to generate magnetic fluxes to degauss the magnetic fluxes generated by the exciting coil. An amount of power supplied to the one or more pairs of degaussing coils is controlled based on a result detected by each of the multiple temperature detectors.

A toner including a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and satisfying the following relationships (1) and (2):

1.0≦FT120/FT160≦1.5  (1)

wherein FT120 is a maximum tensile strength (N) when a recording medium having the toner unfixed on is vertically separated from the surface of a substrate having a temperature of 120° C. at a constant speed after pressed thereto at a pressure of 100 kPa, and FT160 is same except that the substrate has a temperature of 160° C.;

1.0≦FP100/FP200≦1.5  (2)

wherein FP100 is a maximum tensile strength (N) when a recording medium having the toner unfixed on is vertically separated from the surface of a substrate having a temperature of 160° C. at a constant speed after pressed thereto at a pressure of 100 kPa, and FP200 is same except that the pressure is 200 kPa.

A toner comprising:

• • a binder resin which is at least a resin selected from the group consisting of modified polyester resins and unmodified polyester resins; and
  • a colorant; the product toner having a volume-average particle diameter (Dv) to a number-average particle diameter (Dn) ratio (Dv/Dn) ranging from 1.00 to 1.30, and the toner having a shape factor SF-1 ranging from 140 to 200.

By using a high or low viscosity transparent toner, with respect to the other color toners, and different amounts of transparent toner lay-down, the gloss of an image printed by an electrophotographic device may be adjusted. By also applying the transparent toner as a negative mask, the differential gloss of the image may be reduced while still adjusting the gloss of certain portions of the image. Further, because different gloss levels may appear different at different viewing angles, transparent toner may be laid down to encode a transparent image within the image being printed. Such a transparent image may be useful as, for example, an authentication means for a document. Additionally, by varying the gloss levels on particular aspects of a printed image, multiple images of different gloss levels, which are prominent at different viewing angles can be made, thereby, a three-dimensional image effect can be achieved on the printed page.

The present invention is a photoconductive element that includes an electrically conductive support, an electrical barrier layer disposed over said electrically conductive support, and disposed over said barrier layer, a charge generation layer capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation. The barrier layer includes a vinyl polymer with aromatic tetracarbonylbisimide side groups and crosslinking sites.

A technique flexibly applies pre-programmed rules that specify the manner in which medical image data is to be classified or otherwise processed. A rules-based system selects from the pre-programmed rules, with different rules being used based on different doctors' preferences, such as during contrast agent studies. The rules-based system is initially “taught” how to apply a doctor's rules via a sample data image set, and then automatically applies the same rules to that doctor's image data whenever that image data is subsequently provided, thereby avoiding the need for doctors to constantly reconfigure a system with their own rules repetitively for each and every image or to otherwise place the burden of processing on the doctor. The programmed rules can include rules from the available literature—the doctors or other users are free to select from these available rules, modify/customize them to generate new rules, or provide completely new rules.

Light extraction features are provided for a light emitting device having a substrate and a semiconductor light emitting element on the substrate by shaping a surface of a layer of semiconductor material utilizing a laser to define three dimensional patterns in the layer of semiconductor material. The layer of semiconductor material may be the substrate. In particular embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the layer of semiconductor material is shaped by applying laser light to the layer of semiconductor material at an energy sufficient to remove material from the layer of semiconductor material. The laser light may also by applied in a blanket manner at a level below the ablation threshold. The application of laser light to the layer of semiconductor material may be followed by etching the substrate. The layer of semiconductor material may be anisotropically etched. A mask could also be patterned utilizing laser light and the layer of semiconductor material etched using the mask. Light emitting devices have three dimensional patterns in a layer of semiconductor material of the device are also provided.

An image forming method including a new toner fixing method and toner therefor, wherein the method includes two rollers in which a toner image on an image supporting material is fixed by heating at a nipped section of the rollers, wherein one of the rollers which is a fixing roller contacting the toner image includes a metal cylinder having a thickness of not more than 1.0 mm, and the fixing pressure of the two rollers is not more than 1.4x105 Pa, and wherein the toner contains resins including two polyester resins, (A) and (B), and the polyester resin (B) includes discrete domains of the polyester resin (A) which has higher glass transition Tg and higher molecular weight than those of the polyester resin (B) and includes a component insoluble in tetrahydrofuran, and wherein the developed image can be fixed at relative low temperature and in wide temperature range, and the fixed image has excellent image quality and preserving property.

A fixing device includes a fuser member, a heater, a thermometer, and a power supply controller. The fuser member is subjected to heating. The heater is adjacent to the fuser member to heat the fuser member. The thermometer is adjacent to the fuser member to detect an operational temperature of the fuser member. The power supply controller controls power supply to the heater by adjusting a duty cycle. The controller includes a duty cycle calculator, a driver circuit, and a duty cycle modifier. The duty cycle calculator is operatively connected to the thermometer to calculate a primary value of the duty cycle based on the operational temperature. The driver circuit is operatively connected to the duty cycle calculator to supply power to the heater according to the duty cycle. The duty cycle modifier is connected between the duty cycle calculator and the driver circuit to modify the duty cycle.

This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising cells which are filled with charged particles dispersed in a solvent and are individually sealed with a polymeric sealing layer which is an integral part of the display and is curved.

Provided are an electrophotographic toner, comprising a binder resin containing a coloring agent, a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin, wherein the crystalline resin has two or more peaks in weight-average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography, one of the peaks has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 15,000 to 40,000, and another peak has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 2,000 to 10,000 and a production method thereof, and an electrophotographic developer and an image-forming process using the electrophotographic toner.

A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer; and optionally a protective layer, wherein an outermost layer thereof includes a filler, an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mg KOH/g and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following formulae (1) and (2):

wherein R¹ (R³) and R² (R⁴) independently represent a substituted or an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, and optionally share bond connectivity to form a heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom; Ar¹ (Ar³) and Ar² (Ar⁴) independently represent a substituted or a unsubstituted aromatic ring group; k (K) and m (M) independently represent 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, wherein k (K) and m (M) are not 0 at the same time; and n (n′) represents an integer of from 1 to 3.

The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic fluid which comprises a non-mobile or semi-mobile phase and charged pigment particles. The fluid has many advantages, such as increased contrast without affecting the switching speed.

To provide a toner including a binder resin and colorant and is granulated in aqueous medium, wherein the binder resin is a polymer having a polyester skeleton, the polyester skeleton is obtained by block copolymerization of a polyester skeleton A in which at least a constituent unit in which CH₃—C*—H(—OH)(COOH) is dehydration condensed is contained in a repeated structure and a polyester skeleton B in which a constituent unit in which CH₃—C*—H(—OH)(COOH) is dehydration condensed is not contained in a repeated structure, and an optical isomer ratio X (%) (monomer equivalent) is 80% or less, where the optical isomer ratio X (%)=|X (L-type)−X (D−type)| where X (L-type) denotes a ratio (%) of L-type (lactic acid monomer equivalent) and X (D-type) denotes a ratio (%) of D-type (lactic acid monomer equivalent)) in the constituent unit where CH₃—C*—H(—OH)(COOH) is dehydration condensed.

An optical scanning apparatus includes a laser unit formed by integrating a semiconductor laser and collimator lens, an incident optical system for making a light beam emerging from the laser unit strike an optical deflector while keeping the light beam wider than the width of a deflecting surface of the optical deflector in the main scanning direction, and an imaging optical system for forming the light beam reflected/deflected by the optical deflector into an image on a scanned surface. The laser unit is shifted by a shift adjusting means in a predetermined direction with respect to the optical axis of the incident optical system so as to make an illuminance distribution of scanning lines on the scanned surface become substantially symmetrical about the scanning central axis.

A method for generating a simulated aerial image includes forming a reference aerial image of a first mask using an optical system, and capturing and processing the reference aerial image so as to generate a set of expansion functions representative of the optical system. The simulated aerial image of a second mask is then computed by applying the expansion functions to a design of the second mask.

An electrophotographic photoconductor having at least a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive support, in which a surface layer of the photoconductive layer can be obtained by curing at least a free-radical-polymerizable monomer having no electron transporting structure, represented by general formula (A)

and a one-functional free-radical-polymerizable compound having an electron transporting structure, wherein R₇₁, R₇₂, R₇₃, R₇₄, R₇₅, and R₇₆ are described in the specification.

A toner including toner particles including a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive including a first particulate inorganic material having a formula of Mg_xSi_yO_x+2y where each of x and y is an integer, and a number average secondary particle diameter of from 0.02 μm to 2 μm, wherein the first atomic ratio (Mg/Si) s in a surface portion of the first particulate inorganic material is not greater than (preferably less than) the second atomic ratio (Mg/Si)e in the entire first particulate inorganic material. Alternatively, a toner including toner particles including a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive which includes a particulate inorganic material having a formula of Mg_xSi_yO_x+2y where each of x and y is an integer and which has a surface treated with a fatty acid.

To provide a toner produced by emulsifying or dispersing in an aqueous medium particles containing at least polyester resin particles and by aggregating the polyester resin particles, wherein the polyester resin particles contain a polyester resin, the polyester resin is produced by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component containing 65 mol % or more 1,2-propanediol in a dihydroxy alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component containing purified rosin, and the softening point of the polyester resin is 80° C. or more and less than 120° C., and wherein the toner comprises a colorant and a releasing agent.

There is provided a positive type resist composition formed by dissolving (A) a resin component with a unit derived from a (meth)acrylate ester in the principal chain, for which the solubility in alkali increases under the action of acid, and (B) an acid generator component which generates acid on exposure, in an organic solvent component (C), wherein the resin component (A) is a copolymer comprising (a1) a unit derived from a (meth)acrylate ester comprising an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group containing a polycyclic group, (a2) a unit derived from a (meth)acrylate ester comprising a lactone containing monocyclic group or polycyclic group, (a3) a unit derived from a (meth)acrylate ester comprising a hydroxyl group containing polycyclic group, and (a4) a unit derived from a (meth)acrylate ester comprising a polycyclic group which is different from the unit (a1), the unit (a2) and the unit (a3). This composition provides a chemically amplified positive type resist composition which displays excellent resolution, enables the depth of focus range of an isolated resist pattern to be improved, and enables the proximity effect to be suppressed.

A fixing device includes a heater to generate heat based on soft-start control. The heater is supplied with power using different power-turn-on-duty control patterns in accordance with power requirements and an operation mode of the fixing device.

An unfixed toner image on a transferring and fixing belt is passed through a pair of toner integrating rollers. A surface side of the toner integrated that is in contact with a paper, is heated by a halogen heater to impart a tackiness required for fixing. As a result of this, a temperature of a surface side of the toner that is in contact with the transferring and fixing belt is not as high as a temperature of the surface side of the toner that is in contact with the paper. Therefore, even if the toner is pressurized, and transferred and fixed at a fixing nip, a difference in an area of the toner is small. This enables to achieve a good image quality.