46 results about "Rydberg state" patented technology

The invention discloses a microwave electric field intensity meter based on a cold Rydberg atom interferometer and a measuring method thereof. The microwave electric field intensity meter comprises: a vacuum system, which is used for cooling and trapping atom to generate a cold atom cloud for preparing a Rydberg state and generating an interference effect so as to generate a phase difference by coherent atomic states; a laser, which is used for generating coupling light and detection light and exciting the cold atom in the vacuum system from a ground state to the Rydberg state coherently; a photoelectric detector, which is used for detecting an interference fringe generated by two beams of cold atom clouds due to coherence; and a microwave source, which is used for generating a microwave electric field. According to the invention, when the microwave electric field intensity meter is applied to the evolution process of coherent beam splitting and combination, the atom cloud in the Rydberg state interacts with a to-be-measured microwave electric field, thereby generating an alternating-current stark effect; and the to-be-measured microwave electric field intensity is associated with a phase generated by the an alternating-current stark, thereby realizing precise measurement of the microwave electric field.

The invention discloses a measurement method and measurement device for the intensity of a microwave electric field. The measurement method includes the steps of splitting a probe light generated by a first laser into two beams of identical probe light, one of which enters a rubidium cell and the other of which enters vacuum equipment; coupling light, which is generated by a second laser, entering the rubidium cell, coherently exciting hot atoms in the rubidium cell from a ground state to a rydberg state by the coupling light and the probe light, and realizing electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic vapor chamber; applying a microwave electric field generated by a microwave source onto the hot atoms, and coupling another adjacent rydberg state onto a three-level EIT system to form a four-level system; and respectively probing the two ways of transmission light emitted from the rubidium cell and the vacuum equipment, determining the time difference of the two ways of transmission light by analyzing a dispersion relation between the two ways of transmission light, and thus obtaining the intensity of the microwave electric field.

The invention discloses a microwave electric field intensity measurement method and a measurement device. The measurement method comprises the steps that coupling light and probing light generated by a laser excite clod atoms in vacuum equipment from a ground state to the Rydberg state coherently; the ground state and the Rydberg state are taken as two internal states of the Raman effect, the appropriate detuning is selected, microwaves generated by a microwave source are applied to the clod atoms, and a Raman absorption peak of the clod atoms is enabled to split; the splitting width of the Raman absorption peak is measured, and the electric field intensity of the microwave source is calculated according to the splitting width. The measurement method disclosed by the invention is based on a technology of cold Rydberg atom manipulation, utilizes the Raman effect to suppress spontaneous radiation to realize narrow-linewidth absorption peak splitting, realizes the purpose of improving the microwave electric field measurement accuracy by an order of magnitude through measuring the splitting width of the Raman absorption peak, and thus provides a new technology foundation for studying precision measurement for the microwave electric field.

The invention relates to a surface weak high-frequency microwave field strength measurement technology, and in particular relates to a device and a method for measuring high-frequency microwave field strength based on an electromagnetic induction transparent effect. The device and the method are technically characterized in that high-sensitivity and high-accuracy detection for the surface weak microwave field strength can be realized by a specially designed sample absorption cell structure, and atomic line splitting is associated with the microwave field strength by a quantum coherent effect of Rydberg state atoms, so that the measurement of the microwave field strength is traced back to the frequency standard of an atomic transition line, and the self-calibration of the device can be realized by utilizing the linear relation of the microwave field strength and the frequency standard of the atomic transition line; furthermore, due to the high-sensitivity response of high Rydberg state to the weak microwave field, the detection sensitivity of the high-frequency microwave field reaches up to 0.1mV / m and even reaches up to 10mV / m. Furthermore, the whole detection device is high in stability of structure and small in microwave turbulence.

The invention discloses a method for measuring a microwave electric field by utilizing a double-dark state system. The method is characterized in that laser provided by an external cavity semiconductor laser is split by a dichroscope into probe laser and coupling laser, and the probe laser and the coupling laser enter a rubidium atom vapor chamber in the same direction through half-wave plates and a polarization beam splitter; the two half-wave plates adjust incident light intensity of a probe laser field and a coupling laser field respectively to enable the control field >> the probe field; the probe laser is locked in a rubidium Rydberg atom 5S1 / 2 (F = 1)-5P3 / 2 transition line, and the control laser is locked in a rubidium Rydberg state atom 5S1 / 2 (F = 2)-5P3 / 2 transition line; a frequency doubling laser provides coupling laser, and adjusts the coupling laser to couple in energy level 5P3 / 2-53D5 / 2 resonance frequency; a microwave analog signal generator provides a power-adjustable microwave signal to couple transition between Rydberg atom state vectors 53D5 / 2-54P3 / 2, and thus transmission peak of EIT of Rydberg atoms splits; and a photoelectric detector detects absorption characteristics of the probe laser, and transmission peak line wide space represents electric field intensity of the microwave signal. The method can greatly narrow transmission peak line width and improve detection precision and sensitivity.

The invention provides a method and device for improving the microwave electric field intensity measurement signal-to-noise ratio through Zeeman frequency modulation. The method comprises the following steps: the frequency of coupling light is locked on the resonance transition of the intermediate state and the Rydberg state 1; the microwave frequency is locked on the resonance transition of the Rydberg state 1 and the Rydberg state 2, the frequency of the detection light is scanned near the resonance transition frequency of the ground state and the intermediate state, and the spectrum of thedetection light after penetrating through an atom pool is measured so as to obtain the spectrum of the AT split signal of the Rydberg electromagnetic induction transparency EIT; the position of the atomic energy level of the sample is modulated by using an alternating-current magnetic field, and frequency modulation is performed on the spectrum; and the spectrum of the AT split signal of the Rydberg electromagnetic induction transparent EIT is demodulated to obtain a dispersive frequency discrimination signal of the EIT-AT split spectrum. According to the method and device, the atomic energy level is modulated through the alternating magnetic field, frequency modulation is equivalent to spectrum frequency modulation, the problem of residual amplitude does not exist naturally, and meanwhilean experiment system is simpler and more convenient.

Methods and apparatus for sensing or measuring an electromagnetic field. The method entails excitation into a distribution of Rydberg states of atoms of a gas occupying a test volume coextensive with the electromagnetic field. Transmission along a path traversing the test volume of at least one probe beam of electromagnetic radiation is measured at one or more frequencies overlapping a spectral feature, and a physical characteristic of the electromagnetic field is derived on the basis of variation of the spectral feature. In various embodiments, the electromagnetic field may be place in interferometric relation with another electromagnetic field. Time-varying electric field amplitude, frequency, phase and noise spectral distribution may be measured, and thus AM and FM modulated fields, as well as magnetic fields of about 1 Tesla. The apparatus for measuring the electromagnetic field may be unilaterally coupled to a probe field and detector or array of detectors.

Methods and apparatus for sensing or measuring an electromagnetic field. The method entails excitation into a distribution of Rydberg states of atoms of a gas occupying a test volume coextensive with the electromagnetic field. Transmission along a path traversing the test volume of at least one probe beam of electromagnetic radiation is measured at one or more frequencies overlapping a spectral feature, and a physical characteristic of the electromagnetic field is derived on the basis of variation of the spectral feature. In various embodiments, the electromagnetic field may be place in interferometric relation with another electromagnetic field. Time-varying electric field amplitude, frequency, phase and noise spectral distribution may be measured, and thus AM and FM modulated fields, as well as magnetic fields of about 1 Tesla. The apparatus for measuring the electromagnetic field may be unilaterally coupled to a probe field and detector or array of detectors.

The invention relates to a microwave power measuring device and a measuring method based on the Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect. A low electromagnetic perturbation atom air chamber equipped with helium vapor is placed in a guided wave system. Two lasers are used to excite ground state rubidium atoms to the Rydberg state. Based on the quantum effect, the measurement of the guided wave electric field is converted into the measurement of the atomic absorption spectrum. The analytical and quantitative relationship between power and the guided wave electric field is used to achieve microwave power measurement traceable to Planck constants. The measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, large dynamic range, small measurement uncertainty and the like.

The invention relates to a wireless digital communication system and method based on a Rydberg atomic mixer. The wireless digital communication system comprises cesium bubbles, a laser, a microwave source, a digital signal generator, a digital signal modulator, a power divider, a photoelectric detector and a digital signal demodulator. The caesium bubbles provide caesium atom gas under room-temperature saturated vapor pressure; the laser is used for preparing the cesium atom gas into a Rydberg state and generating an EIT effect; the digital signal generator generates a digital signal; the microwave source generates two microwaves with different frequencies; the digital signal modulator modulates the digital signal to one of the microwaves; the power divider performs addition operation on the modulated microwave and the other microwave in the time domain so as to achieve secondary modulation on the other microwave; the caesium bubble receives the secondarily modulated microwaves, generates a Rydberg state EIT-AT splitting process of the caesium atom gas, and converts the secondarily modulated microwaves into modulated light waves; the photoelectric detector receives the modulated light wave; the digital signal demodulator restores the digital signal from the modulated light wave.

The invention discloses a wide-frequency light absorption method utilizing microwave-assisted Rydberg atoms. The method comprises the specific steps of providing a beam of laser as detection light, entering a rubidium vapor pool, and coupling the detection light to rubidium atom ground state transition; in addition, providing a beam of coupled light opposite to the detection light, and reversely entering the rubidium vapor pool; adjusting the coupled light to be locked in rubidium atom Rydberg state transition for resonance coupling; forming an electromagnetic induction transparent window by the rubidium atom ground state transition and Rydberg state transition, wherein a transmission peak occurs; coupling microwave signals to the rubidium atom Rydberg state transition; splitting the transmission peak, wherein a transmission spectrum of the detection light has a bandwidth-adjustable wide-frequency absorption characteristic; and receiving a detection light signal by using a photoelectric detector, thereby obtaining an absorption spectrum line of the detection light. The method disclosed by the invention works under the conditions of room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure,and is relatively low in cost, simple and convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale production and use.

In example embodiments, a radiation source uses Rydberg states to generate coherent THz radiation (e.g., in the range of 1-20THz). The radiation source includes a pair of pump lasers (e.g., external-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs)) optically coupled (e.g., by a dichroic mirror and optical fiber) to a heated vapor cell (e.g., a vacuum chamber) holding an atomic species (e.g., rubidium (Rb)). The pump lasers optically pump the atomic species (e.g., Rb) to a predetermined Rydberg state (e.g., the nD5 / 2 state), which creates a population inversion between that state (e.g., the nD5 / 2 state) and a lower lying Rydberg state (e.g., the (n+1)P3 / 2 state). The emission between these two strongly dipole coupled Rydberg states generates coherent THz radiation.

The invention discloses a nanosecond-level rising edge high voltage pulse generation device in a rydberg state field ionization experiment. The nanosecond-level rising edge high voltage pulse generation device comprises a power supply module, a switch module and an output load circuit, wherein the power supply module is connected with the switch module, and the switch module is connected with the output load circuit. The power supply module comprises a direct current stabilized power supply and an R1C1 filter circuit, and a number I power supply supplies power to the direct current stabilized power supply. The switch module comprises a quick high voltage pulse switch and an external trigger signal source, and a number II power supply supplies power to the quick high voltage pulse switch. The output load circuit is composed of a damping resistor R2, a discharge resistor R3 and a test capacitor C2. The nanosecond-level rising edge high voltage pulse generation device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and good in stability; besides, rising edges are fast, and frequency and the duty ratio can be modulated. In the fields of laser ionization spectroscopy, laser mass-spectrometric technique and the like, a pulse field of nanosecond-level rising edges can be provided for a rydberg state field ionization process, and therefore a high ionization rate can be realized in the rydberg state field ionization process.

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the intensity of a continuous frequency microwave electric field based on a Rydberg atom AC Stark effect, a cesium atom steam pool is used as an atom sample pool, cesium atoms are excited to a Rydberg state under the action of detection light and coupling light emitted by two laser light sources, an electromagnetic induction transparent spectrum is generated, and the intensity of the continuous frequency microwave electric field is measured. Meanwhile, a strong electric field is used as a local field EL, the Rydberg energy level is subjected to AC Stark frequency shift and splitting, the energy level frequency shift of the Rydberg atoms is shifted to the position with the large polarizability through the AC Stark frequency shift, the induction sensitivity of the atoms to the electric field can be greatly improved, then a to-be-measured signal electric field ES is applied, the difference delta f between the frequency of the signal electric field and the frequency of the local field is smaller than 10 MHz, and the frequency of the to-be-measured signal electric field ES is smaller than 10 MHz. At the moment, the Rydberg atom serves as a frequency converter, a difference frequency signal delta f of a local field and a signal field is directly read out, the size of the difference frequency signal is in direct proportion to the ELS, the size of the signal field ES can be directly read out according to the size of the difference frequency signal, and the problem that a traditional microwave electric field measuring method is large in error is solved.

The invention relates to a radar speed measurement system and method based on a Rydberg atom electromagnetic induction transparency effect. The system comprises a transmitting antenna and an atom receiving antenna used for replacing a traditional metal receiving antenna. The transmitting antenna transmits microwaves, and the microwaves are scattered by a moving object to be subjected to speed measurement to generate Doppler frequency shift to cause detuning, so that speed information of the moving object to be subjected to speed measurement is carried; the atom receiving antenna provides alkali metal atoms and generates an EIT effect in a Rydberg state, and an EIT transmission peak appears; and the atom receiving antenna is used for receiving the detuned microwaves, so that the EIT transmission peak is split, and the speed information of the moving object to be subjected to speed measurement is obtained according to the split distance of the two peaks. According to the invention, the detection sensitivity can be improved, the frequency response range is expanded, the influence of thermal noise is avoided, and miniaturization and integration are easy.

The invention provides an atomic Rydberg state excitation method and a laser system. The method comprises the following steps: emitting laser by using a first laser emitting device and a second laser emitting device, finally generating detection light and coupling light for exciting an atom Rydberg state through a frequency doubling device, and outputting an exciting atom Rydberg spectrum through beam combination of an optical fiber beam combiner. According to the atomic Rydberg state excitation laser system, the electromagnetic induction transparent device is used for locking the frequency of the second laser emitting device, and the electromagnetic induction transparent device is of a cavity-free design and is high in external vibration resistance.

The invention discloses a high-voltage power frequency voltage measurement method and device based on the Stark effect. The method includes the following steps: S1, setting m sensors for measuring theelectric field intensity of corresponding height according to the Stark effect in a line space with a height of x from the ground, and measuring the electric field values Esn corresponding to the sensors Sn; S2, calculating the average electric field value Ex according to the electric field values Esn; S3, selecting a number of height values Xi in the vertical direction of a transmission line, and calculating the measured electric field intensity values Exi corresponding to different height values according to the average electric field value Ex; and S4, calculating the voltage of the transmission line according to the measured electric field intensity values Exi. According to the invention, the spatial electric field intensity is measured by using cesium atoms excited to a high Rydberg state and utilizing the Stark effect of Rydberg atoms producing energy level splitting under the action of an external electric field according to the relationship between the degree of atomic energy level splitting and the intensity of the external electric field. High-voltage power frequency measurement of a transmission line and substation environment is realized. Non-contact voltage measurementis realized based on the method.

The invention discloses a design method of an ultra-low noise radio frequency receiver based on Rydberg atomic transition. A Rydberg steam pool is additionally arranged at the front end of a radio frequency antenna of a traditional receiver, particles in the Rydberg steam pool are excited by laser, particles at different energy levels are migrated, and therefore radio frequency signals are amplified and then received by the traditional radio frequency antenna to enter the receiver. Two Rydberg energy levels are included in the amplification process; high-energy-level Rydberg atoms are excitedby radio frequency signals to generate stimulated radiation, electrons are bound to transit from a high-energy-level Rydberg state to a low-energy-level Rydberg state, a microwave photon with the frequency, polarization and phase information the same as those of the input microwave photon is released, and therefore amplification of weak microwave signals can be achieved. The radio frequency receiver is not limited by resistance thermal noise, and the problem that a traditional radio frequency receiver cannot receive power which is low in specific heat noise is solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece defect measurement, and discloses a workpiece defect measurement device based on Rydberg atoms, which comprises a detection light source and a coupling light source, detection light and coupling light emitted by the detection light source and the coupling light source oppositely coincide and are incident into an alkali metal atom gas chamber, and atoms are excited to a Rydberg state; signal output ends of the first radio-frequency signal source and the second radio-frequency signal source are connected with the waveguide and are used for outputting microwave signals with frequency difference respectively, and the microwave signals are emitted by the waveguide and then enter the alkali metal atom gas chamber to interact with Rydberg atoms; the photoelectric detector receives the detection light passing through the alkali metal atom gas chamber and sends the detection light to the data acquisition and processing module, and the data acquisition and processing module calculates the defect of the workpiece to be detected according to the intensity of the detection light. The device and method can achieve curve measurement of the workpiece, and are high in measurement precision and simple in measurement operation.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional real-time terahertz near-field imaging method and device, and relates to the technical field of optical imaging. The method comprises the following steps: generating various lasers and a terahertz field, performing coherent excitation on atoms from a base state to a rydberg state by using the various lasers and the terahertz field; converting the terahertzfield into radiated fluorescence; performing field strength calibration through EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) and AT (Autler-Townes) splitting; and detecting the spatial distributionof the terahertz field through the fluorescence to realize terahertz imaging. Therefore, one-dimensional imaging is changed to two-dimensional imaging, imaging with relatively high time consumption caused by scanning with a probe is changed to real-time imaging, and relatively low resolution is changed to relatively high resolution, so that the aim of optimizing the terahertz imaging is fulfilled, and then a new technical basis is provided for terahertz imaging researches.

The invention discloses an entangled state preparation method and device based on superconducting quantum bits and Rydberg atoms, and the method comprises the steps: enabling the superconducting quantum bits to be in resonant coupling with a selected mode of a superconducting transmission line cavity, and enabling two Rydberg states of the Rydberg atoms to be in resonant coupling with a superconducting planar waveguide cavity / superconducting planar LC resonant cavity; resonating and coupling the superconducting planar waveguide cavity / superconducting planar LC resonant cavity with the selectedmode of the superconducting transmission line cavity; adjusting the coupling strength g1 of the superconducting quantum bit and the superconducting transmission line cavity and the coupling strengthg2 of the Rydberg atom and the superconducting planar waveguide cavity / superconducting planar LC resonant cavity, so that the coupling strength J between the Rydberg atom and the superconducting transmission line cavity and the coupling strength J between the Rydberg atom and the superconducting planar waveguide cavity / superconducting planar LC resonant cavity meet the relationship; by means of two strong microwave driving fields, an unconventional geometric quantum gate is realized, and the preparation of the maximum entangled state is completed. The influence of a laser field and a magneticfield required by Rydberg atoms and a radiation cooling superconducting coaxial cable on the coherence of superconducting quantum bits can be reduced.

The invention relates to the generation of single photon sources, in particular to a single photon generating method based on a four-wave frequency mixing effect in a rubidium atom vapor pool, which comprises the following steps: a first laser with a wavelength of 795nm, a second laser with a wavelength of 475nm and a third laser with a wavelength of 480nm simultaneously enter a polarization beamsplitting prism to synthesize a beam of mixed light, after being focused by a first convex lens, the laser beam enters the rubidium atom steam pool, a single-photon laser beam with a wavelength of 480nm is generated in the rubidium atom steam pool and then is emitted from the rubidium atom steam pool together, and mixed first laser, second laser and third laser are filtered. Strong long-range interaction between Rydberg atoms is used to cause excitation blocking effect, two-step excitation is used to excite atoms into a Rydberg state, in the excitation range, only a single Rydberg atom is used, and deexcitation light is used to make atoms be placed into intermediate state, and finally the single photon released during the change from the intermediate state to the ground state is obtained.

The invention discloses an implementation method of a detection and communication integrated function definable Rydberg atom antenna, and the method comprises the steps: preparing a Rydberg state through the interaction of a multi-wavelength laser light field and an alkali metal energy level, enabling a single atom medium to have a plurality of Rydberg states with different response frequency bands through the precise regulation and control of each frequency component of the multi-wavelength laser light field, response difference traceability signal sources of different Rydberg states to different electromagnetic frequency bands are utilized, and multiplexing definition of multiple functions such as electromagnetic background measurement, radar signal receiving and wireless communication receiving is realized based on microwave frequency division multiplexing. According to the invention, multiple functions are multiplexed by using a single atom medium, multiple pumping wavelengths and multiple working frequency points, the limit of application modes of the Rydberg atom antenna in different fields is fuzzified, multiple functions of detection and communication are realized by using a standardized integrated system, and the practical progress of quantum precision measurement and a novel wireless communication technology is powerfully promoted.

The invention provides a terahertz electric field measurement method, system and device. The method comprises the steps that a first laser system emits first-stage pump light and detection light; a second laser system emits high-power pump light; coupling light is generated based on the high-power pump light; based on the first-stage pump light, the detection light and the coupling light, an atomair chamber is reversely entered to prepare Rydberg atoms; a terahertz source is acted on the atomic air chamber; and the electric field of the terahertz source is measured by detecting the atomic spectrum of the Rydberg atoms. According to the invention, alkali metal atoms can be prepared into a Rydberg state, and electric field measurement of sub-THz wave and THz wave radio frequency fields is realized. A Rydberg EIT measurement method does not need a cold atom vacuum system under the action of a laser, and can be operated at a room temperature. Advantages of a wide measurement range, smalland portable experimental device and the like are achieved, and the method is more practical, and realizes the precise measurement of the multi-wave frequency of the THz frequency band.

The invention relates to a measuring device, which comprises a processor, a first excitation part, a first signal acquisition part and an atom gas chamber filled with alkali metal atoms. Firstly, the first excitation part excites the alkali metal atoms in the atom gas chamber from a ground state to a Rydberg state; when the to-be-detected microwave enables the alkali metal atomic absorption spectrum in the Rydberg state to change, the first signal acquisition part acquires a spectral signal, and finally, the processor is used for calculating the field intensity of the to-be-detected microwave according to the spectral signal. The quantum coherence characteristic of Rydberg atoms is utilized, the advantage of measuring the field intensity of microwaves far better than that of a traditional dipole moment antenna is achieved, the measurement precision can reach the uV / cm magnitude, the SERF magnetometer system can have higher precision than a traditional magnetometer, and the fT magnitude magnetic field range is achieved. The same alkali metal atom gas chamber is utilized, pump light is added in other directions, and the advantages of an SERF magnetometer are combined, so that simultaneous measurement of a high-precision magnetic field and a microwave field is realized.

The invention relates to a surface weak high-frequency microwave field strength measurement technology, and in particular relates to a device and a method for measuring high-frequency microwave field strength based on an electromagnetic induction transparent effect. The device and the method are technically characterized in that high-sensitivity and high-accuracy detection for the surface weak microwave field strength can be realized by a specially designed sample absorption cell structure, and atomic line splitting is associated with the microwave field strength by a quantum coherent effect of Rydberg state atoms, so that the measurement of the microwave field strength is traced back to the frequency standard of an atomic transition line, and the self-calibration of the device can be realized by utilizing the linear relation of the microwave field strength and the frequency standard of the atomic transition line; furthermore, due to the high-sensitivity response of high Rydberg state to the weak microwave field, the detection sensitivity of the high-frequency microwave field reaches up to 0.1mV / m and even reaches up to 10mV / m. Furthermore, the whole detection device is high in stability of structure and small in microwave turbulence.

The invention discloses a measurement method and measurement device for the intensity of a microwave electric field. The measurement method includes the steps of splitting a probe light generated by a first laser into two beams of identical probe light, one of which enters a rubidium cell and the other of which enters vacuum equipment; coupling light, which is generated by a second laser, entering the rubidium cell, coherently exciting hot atoms in the rubidium cell from a ground state to a rydberg state by the coupling light and the probe light, and realizing electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic vapor chamber; applying a microwave electric field generated by a microwave source onto the hot atoms, and coupling another adjacent rydberg state onto a three-level EIT system to form a four-level system; and respectively probing the two ways of transmission light emitted from the rubidium cell and the vacuum equipment, determining the time difference of the two ways of transmission light by analyzing a dispersion relation between the two ways of transmission light, and thus obtaining the intensity of the microwave electric field.

The embodiment of the invention provides a terahertz imaging method and system based on an atomic gas chamber, and the method achieves the real-time imaging of terahertz field space distribution converted into light wave space distribution through laser with two wavelengths for Rydberg atoms excited in the atomic gas chamber. Therefore, the high-resolution real-time imaging terahertz camera based on the atoms is realized, the atoms are incoherently transferred from an initial Rydberg state to another Rydberg state, when the atoms are deexcited from the Rydberg state, fluorescence generated by spontaneous radiation is in a visible wave band, the spatial distribution of fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of a terahertz field before conversion, therefore, the obtained visible light image is the terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by using a CCD (visible light imaging), so that terahertz imaging is obtained.

The invention discloses a microwave electric field strength meter based on a cold Rydberg atom interferometer and a measurement method thereof. The microwave electric field strength meter includes: a vacuum system for cooling trapped atoms to generate cold atomic groups, and the cold atomic groups are used for Preparation of Rydberg state and interference effect, so that coherent atomic state produces phase difference; laser, used to generate coupling light and detection light, to coherently excite cold atoms in the vacuum system from ground state to Rydberg state; photodetector, It is used to detect the interference fringes produced by the coherence of two beams of cold atomic groups; the microwave source is used to generate a microwave electric field. In the evolution process between coherent beam splitting and beam combining, the microwave electric field intensity meter of the present invention allows the atomic groups in the Rydberg state to interact with the microwave electric field to be measured to produce an AC Stark effect, and the microwave electric field strength to be measured Correlated with the phase generated by the AC Stark, the precise measurement of the microwave electric field is achieved.

The invention provides a method for measuring the phase of a microwave electric field, which comprises the following steps of: setting atoms in a Rydberg state at positions capable of sensing a localmicrowave electric field and a signal microwave electric field to be measured, and receiving a detection signal of a set frequency band or frequency after the atoms are irradiated by probe light by using a detector, and further, determining the phase of the signal microwave electric field according to the detection signal. The measuring method is based on the quantum superheterodyne principle, wherein Rydberg atoms are used as microwave sensitive media, high-sensitivity measurement of the phase of the microwave electric field is achieved, the measuring sensitivity of the phase of the microwaveelectric field can be remarkably improved, and the measuring accuracy of the phase of the microwave electric field is improved. The method is clear in principle, simple in structure and easy to implement and apply, breaks through the existing indexes, and achieves the purpose of improving the microwave electric field measurement precision by one order of magnitude, thereby providing a new technical basis for the precision measurement research of the microwave electric field phase.