59 results about "Vapor cell" patented technology

In a general aspect, a portable quantum spectrum sensing system for detecting electromagnetic radiation in an environment is presented. In some implementations, a portable system includes a vapor cell sensor and a portable control package. The vapor cell sensor includes a vapor and is configured to generate output optical signals based on interactions between input optical signals, the vapor and the electromagnetic radiation. The portable control package includes a laser system configured to generate laser signals and a photonic integrated circuit system configured to generate the input optical signals based on the laser signals from the laser system. The portable control package includes a system-on-chip that can communicate control signals to the laser system and the photonic integrated circuit system. The system-on-chip can also process the output optical signals to determine one or more properties of the electromagnetic radiation.

In a general aspect, a quantum spectrum sensing system is presented. In some implementations, a system includes a laser system, a vapor cell sensor, an optical detector, and a signal processing system. The laser system includes a first laser that generates a first laser signal; a comb generator that produces a frequency comb signal based on the first laser signal; and a second laser generates a second laser signal. The vapor cell sensor includes a vapor and receives input optical signals based on the frequency comb signal and the second laser signal. The vapor cell sensor produces output optical signals based on interactions of the vapor with the input optical signals and electromagnetic radiation. The signal processing system processes the output optical signals to identifying signals in the electromagnetic radiation that are off resonance with a transition frequency between Rydberg states of the vapor.

In a general aspect, antirelaxation coatings are disclosed for coating the interior surfaces of vapor cells. In certain aspects, a vapor cell includes a dielectric body having interior and exterior surfaces. The interior surface defines a cavity in the dielectric body, and the exterior surface defines an opening to the cavity. The vapor cell also includes an antirelaxation coating that is disposed on the interior surface of the dielectric body and includes an organosilane material. The vapor cell additionally includes a vapor or a source of vapor residing in the cavity as well as an optical window that covers the opening to the cavity. The optical window has a surface bonded to the exterior surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening. The vapor or the source of vapor includes alkali metal atoms.

A system for automatically locking a control laser in a Rydberg atomic sensor may comprise an atomic vapor cell, a probe laser configured to excite the atoms in the atomic vapor cell to an intermediate energy state, and a control laser configured to excite the one or more atoms in the atomic vapor cell from the intermediate energy state to a higher energy state. The light generated by the control laser may be dithered at a pre-determined frequency. The system further comprises a photodiode configured to convert light received from the vapor cell into an electrical signal, a lock-in amplifier configured to generate an error signal based on the electrical signal received from the photo diode and a received reference oscillation frequency, and a servo configured to receive the generated error signal from the lock-in amplifier and adjust a frequency of the control laser based on the received error signal.

A method of manufacturing a vapor cell includes forming a body of the vapor cell having walls defining a cavity thereinbetween, the cavity having an amount of a subject material contained therein. The method also includes forming a pore structure having a substrate material with pores of a substantially uniform dimension formed therein, the pore structure disposed along a portion of one or more of the walls of the vapor cell. The method further includes forming a liner material of a uniform thickness over one or more internal surfaces of the pores, wherein the subject material exhibits a reduced wetting angle on the liner material which is less than a wetting angle of the subject material on the substrate material.

In a general aspect, methods for manufacturing vapor cells are disclosed. In certain aspects, a method of manufacturing a vapor cell includes obtaining a dielectric body that has interior and exterior surfaces. The interior surface defines a cavity in the dielectric body, and the exterior surface defines an opening to the cavity. The method includes forming an antirelaxation coating on the interior surface of the dielectric body. The antirelaxation coating comprising an organosilane material. The method additionally includes disposing a vapor or a source of vapor in the cavity and obtaining an optical window that comprises a surface. The vapor or the source of vapor includes alkali metal atoms. The method also includes bonding the surface of the optical window to the exterior surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening to the cavity.

One embodiment includes a vapor cell for an atomic physics-based sensor system. The vapor cell includes a cell wall formed from an approximately transparent material. The cell wall can enclose an alkali metal vapor and can include an inner surface and an outer surface. The vapor cell can also include at least one structural feature provided on at least one of the inner surface and the outer surface of the cell wall and extending along a portion of the respective at least one of the inner surface and the outer surface.

A method for atomic scalar magnetometry can include: (i) applying optical pumping to a vapor within a vapor cell; (ii) ramping off a pump power of the optical pumping over a time period; (iii) driving Rabi oscillations in the vapor by applying a microwave pulse sequence to the vapor, and (iv) determining a magnetic field strength by measuring frequency of the Rabi oscillations.

In a general aspect, gettering elements are disclosed for absorbing gas species from a cavity of a vapor cell. In certain aspects, a vapor cell includes a dielectric body having interior and exterior surfaces. The interior surface defines a cavity in the dielectric body, and the exterior surface defines an opening to the cavity. The dielectric body also includes a channel having a porous layer that is configured to absorb a gas species from the cavity. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of vapor residing in the cavity as well as an optical window that covers the opening to the cavity. The optical window has a surface bonded to the exterior surface of the dielectric body to form a bonded interface of the vapor cell. The bonded interface includes a seal around the opening, and the vapor or the source of vapor includes alkali metal atoms.

The present invention relates to an atom sensor system (1) comprising a vapor cell (2) comprising an alkali metal vapor, a pump laser system (3) configured to generate an optical pump beam (4) along a first axis (5) through the vapor cell (2), a magnetic field system (6) configured to generate a magnetic field along the first axis (5) through the vapor cell (2), and a probe laser system (7) configured to generate an optical probe beam (8) along a second axis (9) through the vapor cell (2). The present invention is based on the general idea that the atom sensor system (1) comprises a Fabry-Pérot resonator (10), wherein the alkali metal vapor of the vapor cell (2) is located inside the Fabry-Pérot resonator (10).

In a general aspect, a quantum spectrum sensing network for detecting electromagnetic radiation in an environment is presented. In some implementations, a spectrum sensing network includes a computer system; and a plurality of portable systems spatially distributed over a geographic region. Each of the plurality of portable systems includes one or more vapor cell sensors each including a vapor and being configured to generate output optical signals based on interactions between input optical signals, the vapor and electromagnetic radiation; a portable control package including one or more processors configured to process the output optical signals; and a communication module configured to communicate, to the computer system, data based on the processed output optical signals.

A quantum vapor cell may include a vapor cell chamber configured to contain alkali metal vapor and a magnetic structure integrated with or positioned adjacent to the vapor cell chamber. The magnetic structure may be configured to generate, shape, or control a magnetic field through the vapor cell chamber and may include one or more of a permanent magnetic material, a soft magnetic material, a magnetic field shaping element, or a combination thereof.

In a general aspect, gettering elements are disclosed for absorbing gas species from a cavity of a vapor cell. In certain aspects, a vapor cell includes a dielectric body having interior and exterior surfaces. The interior surface defines a cavity in the dielectric body, and the exterior surface defines an opening to the cavity. The dielectric body also includes a channel having a porous layer that is configured to absorb a gas species from the cavity. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of vapor residing in the cavity as well as an optical window that covers the opening to the cavity. The optical window has a surface bonded to the exterior surface of the dielectric body to form a bonded interface of the vapor cell. The bonded interface includes a seal around the opening, and the vapor or the source of vapor includes alkali metal atoms.

In a general aspect, vapor cells are disclosed that include a dielectric body and an optical window. The dielectric body has a cavity and an exterior surface that defines an opening to the cavity. The optical window includes a substrate and first and second multilayer coatings. In some aspects, the substrate has first and second substrate surfaces on opposite sides of the substrate, and the first and second multilayer coatings are disposed on, respectively, the first and second substrate surfaces. The first multilayer coating defines a first window surface that is bonded to the exterior surface of the dielectric body and extends across the opening. The second multilayer coating defines a second window surface that faces an exterior of a vapor cell. The first and second multilayer coatings apply, respectively, first and second stresses to the substrate, with the second stress counteracting the first stress.

A vapor cell comprises a cell body and a cell window, which is anodically connected to the cell body. The cell window and the cell body define a vapor cavity designed to contain a vapor comprising a variety of alkali atoms.

The invention discloses a single Rydberg atom receiver multi-target direction of arrival estimation method based on spatial resolution fluorescence spectrum analysis. According to the method, a modulation pattern formed by interference of a plurality of radio frequency signals and a local oscillation field in the steam chamber is obtained through spatial resolution fluorescence imaging, traditional lumped power measurement is replaced, and therefore multi-target spatial information is completely reserved. On the basis, complex spatial modulation caused by a plurality of signals is linearized into superposition of sine waves with different spatial frequencies by utilizing a strong local oscillation condition, so that a multi-target direction-of-arrival estimation problem is converted into a classical frequency spectrum estimation problem. And finally, through spectrum analysis, extracting each spatial frequency and calculating a corresponding direction of arrival. According to the method, through the core steps of spatial resolution imaging, linear modeling and spectral analysis, the limitation that a single Rydberg atom receiver can only estimate a single target is fundamentally broken through, and simultaneous estimation of the directions of arrival of a plurality of signal sources by using a single receiver is realized.

An optical magnetometer system and method for operation thereof are described. The optical magnetometer system comprises: at least one light source emitting one or more illumination beams and scanning frequency of illumination beams over a selected range; at least one vapor cell having alkali atoms positioned within path of the illumination beam; a detection unit position to collect beam passing though the vapor cell; at least one thermal unit positioned to vary temperature of the vapor cell; and a controller configured and operable for obtaining detection data from the detection unit and for operating said at least one thermal unit in a feedback loop, and wherein said feedback loop being directed at maintaining a relation between optical intensity measured at one of more measurement points associated with selected frequencies and detuning level at the one or more measurement points from Larmor frequency of the optical magnetometer system.

The application discloses a microwave electric field measuring probe device and a use method thereof. The device comprises an atomic vapor chamber, a double-wavelength spectrometer prism connected to the end of the atomic vapor chamber, an input coupling light fiber collimation assembly and an output signal light fiber collimation assembly connected to the end of the double-wavelength spectrometer prism away from the atomic vapor chamber, an input probe light fiber assembly connected to the atomic vapor chamber, the input probe light fiber assembly connected to the end of the atomic vapor chamber away from the double-wavelength spectrometer prism, the input probe light fiber assembly, the output signal light fiber collimation assembly and the atomic vapor chamber arranged on the same axial line, probe light capable of passing through the double-wavelength spectrometer prism into the output signal light fiber collimation assembly, and coupling light entering the atomic vapor chamber capable of coinciding with the probe light capable of passing through the double-wavelength spectrometer prism in the atomic vapor chamber. The purpose of improving light collection efficiency and use flexibility is achieved.

In one example, a sensor comprising a vapor cell including a vapor of alkali atoms is disclosed. The sensor further comprises a system configured to direct electromagnetic (EM) radiation of one or more frequencies into the vapor cell and incident on the vapor of alkali atoms. The EM radiation of one or more frequencies is configured to prepare the alkali atoms from a first quantum state to a Rydberg state. The alkali atoms prepared in the Rydberg state comprise an orbital angular momentum quantum number that is at least the number of quanta of the one or more frequencies. The sensor further comprises a detector configured to detect a response of the alkali atoms to incident electromagnetic radiation after the alkali atoms are prepared in the Rydberg state.

A cooling device and a cooling system are provided. The cooling device is configured to cool electrical components and includes a first heat transfer section and a second heat transfer section, wherein the first heat transfer section is configured to conduct heat from a heat source to the second heat transfer section, the first heat transfer section including: a vapor chamber of electrically insulating material configured to be coupled to a heat source; an electrically insulating fluid contained within the vapor chamber; a heat dissipation element at least partially forming one sidewall of the vapor chamber, and wherein the second heat transfer section is at least partially in thermal contact with the heat dissipation element.

In a general aspect, vapor cells are disclosed that include a dielectric body and an optical window. The dielectric body has a cavity and an exterior surface that defines an opening to the cavity. The optical window includes a substrate and first and second multilayer coatings. In some aspects, the substrate has first and second substrate surfaces on opposite sides of the substrate, and the first and second multilayer coatings are disposed on, respectively, the first and second substrate surfaces. The first multilayer coating defines a first window surface that is bonded to the exterior surface of the dielectric body and extends across the opening. The second multilayer coating defines a second window surface that faces an exterior of a vapor cell. The first and second multilayer coatings apply, respectively, first and second stresses to the substrate, with the second stress counteracting the first stress.

A vapor cell comprises: a main glass body section comprising wall(s) surrounding a cavity, the wall(s) having first interior surface(s) having first glass structures extending into and / or away from the cavity; a top glass lid positioned on top of and attached to the main glass body section, the top glass lid having second interior surface(s) having second glass structures extending into and / or away from the cavity; a bottom glass lid positioned below and attached to the main glass body section, the bottom glass lid having third interior surface(s) having third glass structures extending into and / or away from the cavity; and wherein the first glass structures, the second glass structures, and the third glass structures are configured to tune an index of refraction of the vapor cell to reduce RF signal scattering within the vapor cell.

The invention belongs to the technical field of alkali metal lasers, and relates to a cross-flow steam pool for a rapid-heating anti-deposition alkali metal laser, which comprises a stainless steel alkali metal steam pool cavity (1), a glass window (2) for the alkali metal steam pool, a cross-flow fan (3) for the alkali metal steam pool, a buffer gas injection port (4), an alkali metal medium injection port (5) and a high-thermal-conductivity heat dissipation heat sink (6), the cross flow fan (3) for the alkali metal steam pool is arranged in the center of the stainless steel alkali metal steam pool cavity (1); the glass window (2) for the alkali metal steam pool is eccentrically arranged on the stainless steel alkali metal steam pool cavity (1); a buffer gas injection port (4) is formed in the end face of one side of the stainless steel alkali metal steam pool cavity (1), and an alkali metal medium injection port (5) and a high-heat-conductivity heat dissipation heat sink (6) are arranged on the peripheral wall of the stainless steel alkali metal steam pool cavity (1). The high-heat-conductivity heat dissipation heat sink is introduced to the stainless steel shell of the steam pool, the heating / cooling efficiency of the steam pool is improved, the window attachment probability of an alkali metal medium is reduced, and the working stability of the laser is improved.

What is needed is an optical scheme that provides high collection efficiency while reducing the effects of the vapor cell heating the temperature-sensitive photodetector.SOLUTION: The system for controlling, adjusting or certifying the timepiece includes a means for measuring a frequency signal and / or a rate of the timepiece or several timepieces based on a time reference provided by an optical electronic timepiece 10. Wherein the optical electronic watch comprises an atomic vapor cell 1, the atomic vapor cell comprising a sealed enclosure defining a volume containing a reference atomic vapor, the sealed enclosure comprising an optical inlet 3 allowing transmission of a probe beam adapted to excite an optical transition of the reference atoms and an optical outlet 4 allowing transmission of a fluorescence signal from the reference atoms, the sealed enclosure further comprising a wall 5 transparent to the fluorescence signal and coated on its outside with a coating reflecting the fluorescence signal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

This application relates to the field of mobile terminal thermal management technology, and discloses a hybrid cooling system and control method for mobile terminals based on multi-regional heat load sensing, aiming to solve the problems of capillary limit limitation and thermal response hysteresis under high transient heat load. The system includes a multi-point heat load sensing unit, a hybrid heat dissipation execution module, and a central control unit. The multi-point heat load sensing unit is used to acquire the temperature status parameters of heterogeneous heat source areas in real time. The hybrid heat dissipation execution module integrates an active enhanced vapor chamber, a micro-frequency variable axial flow fan, and a composite phase change heat storage layer. A piezoelectric driven pumping mechanism is installed inside the active enhanced vapor chamber. The control method determines the operating condition by analyzing the heat flow gradient, activates the piezoelectric driven pumping mechanism to form forced fluid circulation, and links the fan adjustment. This application introduces active fluid intervention, significantly improving the medium transmission rate, breaking the capillary limit of phase change reflux, achieving millisecond-level thermal response, reducing surface temperature rise while ensuring performance stability, and improving grip comfort.

The present invention relates to a method of detecting a zero-field resonance (ZFR), comprising the steps of i) directing a pump light beam in a first direction x through a vapor cell comprising gaseous atoms, ii) applying a magnetic field component to the vapor cell parallel or antiparallel to the first direction x with different magnitudes: formula (I), iii) detecting light of the pump light beam directed through the vapor cell for the different magnitudes: formula (I) of the magnetic field component applied parallel or antiparallel to the first direction x, iv) determining the maximum optical transmission Tmax and the minimum optical transmission Tmin based on the detected light, v) determining the difference between the maximum optical transmission and the minimum optical transmission D = Tmax - Tmin, vi) determining the magnitude of the x-component of an ambient magnetic field: formula (II) by determining the particular magnitude: formula (III) of the x-component of the applied magnetic field for which the minimum optical transmission Tmin is determined, vii) repeating at least steps i) to v) while applying magnetic field components to the vapor cell in second and third directions y and z perpendicular to the first direction x with different magnitudes: formula (IV) and formula (V) and viii) determining the magnitudes: formula (VI) and formula (VII) of the ambient magnetic field components in the second and third directions y and z by determining the particular magnitudes of the y- and z-components of the applied magnetic field: formula (VIII) and formula (IX) for which the difference between the maximum optical transmission and the minimum optical transmission D is minimized.

A method for producing an alkali vapor cell includes a step of preparing a first member and a second member; a step of forming a first metal film on a surface of the first member; a step of forming a second metal film on a surface of the second member; a step of disposing a simple substance of the alkali metal; and a step of directly bonding the first metal film and the second metal film to each other in a normal temperature environment, in which in the step of forming the first metal film, the first metal film is formed so that a thickness of the first metal film is 100 nm or less, and in the step of forming the second metal film, the second metal film is formed so that a thickness of the second metal film is 100 nm or less.

The application discloses a compact long-cavity-path multi-path pumped alkali laser, which comprises a cross-flow alkali metal vapor cell, an alkali laser resonant cavity mirror, at least two 45-degree dichroic mirrors and a semiconductor laser pumping source, the cross-flow alkali metal vapor cell is used for providing a gain medium for the alkali laser, the alkali laser resonant cavity mirror is used for forming a laser resonant cavity and selecting a mode, the 45-degree dichroic mirror is used for folding and separating a pumping beam and a laser beam, and the semiconductor laser pumping source is a narrow-wavelength semiconductor laser adopting a line width compression technology, which is used for exciting alkali metal vapor atoms, forming population inversion and being one of three elements of laser. The compact long-cavity-path multi-path pumped alkali laser scheme disclosed by the application can select a proper number of pumping modules according to power level, volume and weight requirements of a laser system.

In a general aspect, a bonded interface in a vapor cell is formed using plasma- activated surfaces. In some aspects, manufacturing a vapor cell includes obtaining a dielectric body and an optical window. The dielectric body has a surface that defines an opening to a cavity in the dielectric body, and the cavity is configured to contain a vapor. The surface of the dielectric body and a surface of the optical window are contacted to form a seal around the opening to the cavity. The seal includes a metal oxynitride layer that is disposed along an interface between the surfaces of the dielectric body and the optical window. In certain cases, the seal is formed at a temperature no greater than 150 °C.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to improving measurement of metrics of air data of an atmosphere outside an aircraft. Such measurements are improved by estimating a daylight portion of light received by an optical receiver configured to receive a reflected portion of the projected beam backscattered by the atmosphere. Estimation of the daylight portion is performed using a daylight filter. The daylight filter receives the light received by the optical receiver after it has been filtered by a vapor cell filter and separates the light, as filtered, into a beam sampling portion and a complementary non-sampling portion. The non-beam sampling portion includes wavelengths immediately adjacent to the beam sampling portion. The non-beam sampling portion is used to estimate the daylight portion within the beam sampling portion, which also contains the reflected portion of the projected beam used for calculating the metrics of air data.