181 results about "Vapor cell" patented technology

In a general aspect, a quantum spectrum sensing system is presented. In some implementations, a quantum spectrum sensing system includes a laser system, a vapor cell sensor, and an optical detector. The laser system includes first and second lasers configured to generate a first and second laser signals. The laser system also includes first and second comb generators configured to produce first and second frequency comb signals based on the first and second laser signals, respectively. The laser system includes a frequency separator that can select frequency components of the second frequency comb signal and a frequency shifter that can shift the selected frequency components toward Rydberg states of a vapor. The vapor cell sensor can receive input optical signals from the laser system and produce output optical signals based on interactions of the vapor with the input optical signals. The optical detector can detect the output optical signals.

A vapor chamber includes a body sheet, and a first sheet stacked on the body sheet. The body sheet includes a vapor flow channel portion through which vapor of a working fluid flows and a liquid flow channel portion which is in communication with the vapor flow channel portion and through which liquid of the working fluid flows. The vapor flow channel portion includes a vapor passage extending in a first direction. The first sheet includes a first sheet inner surface facing the body sheet and a first sheet groove provided in the first sheet inner surface. The first sheet groove is provided at a position of overlapping with the vapor passage in a plan view and extends in a direction intersecting with the first direction.

A heat dissipation device includes a vapor chamber for contacting a heat source; at least one heat pipe having a first end and a second end connected to the vapor chamber; at least one partition disposed inside the heat pipe to partition the inside of the heat pipe into a first channel and a second channel isolated from each other; and a heat dissipation fin set disposed on the vapor chamber and partially covers the heat pipe. The vapor chamber is filled with a liquid working medium that absorbs the heat of the heat source and then gasifies into a gaseous working medium. The gaseous working medium moves into the first channel and the second channel to be condensed by the heat dissipation fin set, so the gaseous working medium is liquefied into the liquid working medium, and then the liquid working medium flows back into the vapor chamber.

The invention relates to a Spin Exchange Relaxation-Free (SERF)-based magnetometer system (100) for detecting ultra- weak magnetic fields, particularly suited for bio¬ sensing applications such as MEG, MCG, and MRI. The system operates at room temperature and includes a VCSEL (101) emitting dual beams tuned to Rubidium-87 transitions, a microfabricated vapor cell (102) with LIAD-based heating (103), and an optical assembly (104) for polarization control. A detection unit (105) converts Faraday rotation into electrical signals, enhanced by lock-in amplification. Magnetic shielding (106), thermal management (107), and relaxation mitigation maintain SERF conditions. A calibration subsystem (109) and embedded machine learning module (110) optimize sensitivity in real time. The compact, cryogen-free architecture enables portable and wearable applications. The invention achieves femtotesla-level sensitivity while overcoming limitations of conventional SQUID-based systems, making it suitable for clinical and field deployments.

A printed circuit board assembly comprises: a printed circuit board (PCB); an integrated circuit (IC) package that is mounted on the PCB and includes a first surface and a bare IC die disposed on the first surface; and a vapor chamber coupled to the first surface of the IC package.

A receiver includes a first vapor cell and a second vapor cell, wherein the first vapor cell is exposed to a signal of interest and an interfering signal, and wherein the second vapor cell is exposed to at least the interfering signal. In an example, the first and second vapor cells includes an atomic medium including Rydberg atoms. The receiver includes an optical arrangement configured to (i) transmit a first probe laser beam to the first vapor cell, and (ii) transmit a second probe laser beam to the second vapor cell; an interferometer configured to (i) process a first laser beam from the first vapor cell, and a second laser beam from the second vapor cell, and (ii) generate a plurality of voltage signals; and a circuit configured to process the plurality of voltage signals and generate an output signal indicative of the signal of interest.

In a general aspect, a quantum spectrum sensing system is presented. In some implementations, a system includes a laser system, a vapor cell sensor, an optical detector, and a signal processing system. The laser system includes a first laser that generates a first laser signal; a comb generator that produces a frequency comb signal based on the first laser signal; and a second laser generates a second laser signal. The vapor cell sensor includes a vapor and receives input optical signals based on the frequency comb signal and the second laser signal. The vapor cell sensor produces output optical signals based on interactions of the vapor with the input optical signals and electromagnetic radiation. The signal processing system processes the output optical signals to identifying signals in the electromagnetic radiation that are off resonance with a transition frequency between Rydberg states of the vapor.

A radio-frequency receiver achieves high sensitivity by pumping atoms to high-azimuthal (≥3) Rydberg states. A vapor cell contains quantum particles (e.g., cesium atoms). A laser system provides probe, dressing, and coupling beams to pump the quantum particles to a first Rydberg state having a high-azimuthal quantum number ≥3. A local oscillator drives an electric field in the vapor cell at a local oscillator frequency, which is imposed on a distribution of quantum particles between the first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state. An incident RF signal field interferes with the local oscillator field, imposing an oscillation in the distribution at a beat or difference frequency and, consequently, on the intensity of the probe beam. The beat frequency component of the intensity of the probe beam is detected, and the detection signal is demodulated to extract information originally in the RF signal.

A heat-conducting plate that includes a vapour chamber is manufactured by disposing a vapor core and a wicking layer inside a cavity defined between spaced-apart walls of a casing, injecting a working fluid inside the cavity, and applying a vacuum to the cavity. After the applying of the vacuum to the cavity, the peripheries of the spaced-apart walls are cold welding to one another to seal the working fluid and the vapor core and the wicking layer in the cavity.

A heat dissipation module adapted for an electronic device with a fan is provided. The heat dissipation module includes a vapor chamber and a communicating pipe. The vapor chamber has a first cavity having an evaporating area and a second cavity communicated with the first cavity. The communicating pipe includes a first pipe and a second pipe communicated with the first pipe, wherein the first pipe is communicated with the first cavity, and the second pipe is communicated with the second cavity. An inner wall surface of the first pipe is a smooth surface, and an inner wall surface of the second pipe is provided with a wick structure. The first cavity, the second cavity and the communicating pipe surround and form a hollow area, wherein the fan is adapted for being disposed in the hollow area, and an air outlet of the fan faces the second pipe.

In a general aspect, a portable quantum spectrum sensing system for detecting electromagnetic radiation in an environment is presented. In some implementations, a portable system includes a vapor cell sensor and a portable control package. The vapor cell sensor includes a vapor and is configured to generate output optical signals based on interactions between input optical signals, the vapor and the electromagnetic radiation. The portable control package includes a laser system configured to generate laser signals and a photonic integrated circuit system configured to generate the input optical signals based on the laser signals from the laser system. The portable control package includes a system-on-chip that can communicate control signals to the laser system and the photonic integrated circuit system. The system-on-chip can also process the output optical signals to determine one or more properties of the electromagnetic radiation.

Systems and methods are described herein for providing a direct radiating antenna (DRA) for installation on a communication satellite. The DRA is a phased array of microstrip patch antennas implemented in a very compact profile on a planar substrate. Embodiments of array are implemented as an array of radiating element configurations, each having a microstrip radiating element (e.g., a square patch) coupled to a first side of the planar substrate, amplifiers coupled to a second side of the planar substrate, and filters (e.g., diplexers) coupled between the radiating elements and amplifiers. A thermal conduction layer (e.g., a graphoil or vapor chamber layer) is thermally coupled with the second side of the planar substrate, and a thermal radiation layer (e.g., an optical solar reflector) is thermally coupled with the thermal conduction layer.

In a general aspect, a radar method includes transmitting an outgoing series of RF pulses toward a target region. The radar method also includes receiving an incoming series of RF pulses that is based on the outgoing series of RF pulses after passing through the target region. The radar method additionally includes producing, by operation of a vapor cell system, output signals that are based on incoming series of RF pulses and the laser signals interacting with a vapor of the vapor cell system. The radar method also includes operations of a signal processing system, such as generating response data, determining a Doppler shift, and determining a velocity of an object in the target region. The response data includes transient response data that represents transient responses of a vapor in the vapor cell system to respective phase changes in the incoming series of RF pulses.

A thermal management system, including a fan including: a fan housing; an impeller coupled to the fan housing; a fin stack coupled to the fan; a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the heat pipe in thermal communication with a computing element at the first end of the heat pipe; a vapor chamber coupled to the fan housing, the vapor chamber and the fan housing encasing the impeller, the vapor chamber coupled to the second end of the heat pipe, the vapor chamber in fluid communication with the heat pipe, wherein the heat pipe is configured to transfer thermal energy from the computing element at the first end of the heat pipe to the second end of the heat pipe such that the thermal energy is transferred to the vapor chamber, wherein the impeller transfers the thermal energy at the vapor chamber to the fin stack.

In a general aspect, a quantum spectrum sensing system is presented. In some implementations, a system includes a laser system, a vapor cell sensor, an optical detector, and a signal processing system. The laser system includes a first laser that generates a first laser signal; a comb generator that produces a frequency comb signal based on the first laser signal; and a second laser generates a second laser signal. The vapor cell sensor includes a vapor and receives input optical signals based on the frequency comb signal and the second laser signal. The vapor cell sensor produces output optical signals based on interactions of the vapor with the input optical signals and electromagnetic radiation. The signal processing system processes the output optical signals to identifying signals in the electromagnetic radiation that are off resonance with a transition frequency between Rydberg states of the vapor.

Embodiments herein describe spectroscopy systems that use an unmodulated reference optical signal to mitigate noise, or for other advantages. In one embodiment, the unmodulated reference optical signal is transmitted through the same vapor cell as a modulated pump optical signal. As such, the unmodulated reference optical signal experiences absorption by the vapor, which converts laser phase noise to amplitude noise like the other optical signals passing through the vapor cell. In one embodiment, the unmodulated reference optical signal has an optical path in the gas cell that is offset (or non-crossing) from the optical path of the modulated pump optical signal. The unmodulated reference optical signal allows removal or mitigation of the noise on the other optical signal.

According to one embodiment, a thermal management system for electronic devices, including a heat frame, a conformal slot portion, chassis frame, and heat fins wherein the heat frame, conformal slot, chassis frame, and heat fins are integrally formed as a unitary structure by additive manufacturing. In another example, there is a modular vapor assembly for electronic components having a vapor chamber comprising a component surface and a top surface with a vapor channel formed therebetween with at least one liquid receptacle and having a wick structure on at least some of an interior of the component surface. In operation, there is a circuit card with at least some of the electronic components coupled to the vapor chamber component surface and the wick structures transfer at least some of the liquid from the receptacle towards the electronic components, wherein the liquid turns to a vapor that moves towards the receptacle.

A vapor chamber heatsink assembly, under vacuum, having a working fluid therein, comprising a plurality of heatsink fins and a vapor chamber is provided. The vapor chamber comprises an upper and lower casing having an upper and lower chamber surface, respectively. The upper and lower chamber surfaces define a plurality of obstructers forming a plurality of braided channels therearound. When heat from a greater temperature heat source and a lower temperature heat source is applied to respective contact surfaces of the lower casing, via the plurality of obstructers and braided channels, respectively, the working fluid and liquid vapor slugs / bubbles travel therethrough, providing an effective phase change mechanism to the greater temperature heat source, while concurrently, hindering agglomeration of working fluid thereto. An effective phase change mechanism is also concurrently provided to the lower temperature heat source due to the non-agglomeration of working fluid to the greater temperature heat source.

In some aspects, a vapor chamber includes a sealed enclosure. The sealed enclosure includes: a main portion defining a main chamber and a duct portion. The main portion has a heat input surface region for contacting a heat source. The duct portion extends from a first margin region of the main portion and returns to a second margin region of the main portion. The heat input surface region is between the first margin region and the second margin region of the main portion. The main portion and the duct portion form a closed loop structure.

In a general aspect, a quantum spectrum sensing system is presented. In some implementations, a quantum spectrum sensing system includes a laser system, a vapor cell sensor, and an optical detector. The laser system includes first and second lasers configured to generate a first and second laser signals. The laser system also includes first and second comb generators configured to produce first and second frequency comb signals based on the first and second laser signals, respectively. The laser system includes a frequency separator that can select frequency components of the second frequency comb signal and a frequency shifter that can shift the selected frequency components toward Rydberg states of a vapor. The vapor cell sensor can receive input optical signals from the laser system and produce output optical signals based on interactions of the vapor with the input optical signals. The optical detector can detect the output optical signals.

In a general aspect, a portable quantum spectrum sensing system for detecting electromagnetic radiation in an environment is presented. In some implementations, a portable system includes a vapor cell sensor and a portable control package. The vapor cell sensor includes a vapor and is configured to generate output optical signals based on interactions between input optical signals, the vapor and the electromagnetic radiation. The portable control package includes a laser system configured to generate laser signals and a photonic integrated circuit system configured to generate the input optical signals based on the laser signals from the laser system. The portable control package includes a system-on-chip that can communicate control signals to the laser system and the photonic integrated circuit system. The system-on-chip can also process the output optical signals to determine one or more properties of the electromagnetic radiation.

In a general aspect, antirelaxation coatings are disclosed for coating the interior surfaces of vapor cells. In certain aspects, a vapor cell includes a dielectric body having interior and exterior surfaces. The interior surface defines a cavity in the dielectric body, and the exterior surface defines an opening to the cavity. The vapor cell also includes an antirelaxation coating that is disposed on the interior surface of the dielectric body and includes an organosilane material. The vapor cell additionally includes a vapor or a source of vapor residing in the cavity as well as an optical window that covers the opening to the cavity. The optical window has a surface bonded to the exterior surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening. The vapor or the source of vapor includes alkali metal atoms.

An atomic vapor cell includes a bottom transparent substrate having a floor surface, a top transparent substrate having a ceiling surface, a frame, a bottom protective layer, a top protective layer, and an alkaline earth metal between the bottom and the top transparent substrates. The frame has a bottom surface bonded to the floor surface, a top surface opposite the bottom surface and bonded to the ceiling surface, a reservoir hole, an aperture, and a channel that connects the reservoir hole to the aperture. The top protective layer is on the ceiling surface and includes layer-regions that cover respective regions of the ceiling surface spanning across the reservoir hole and the aperture. The bottom protective layer is on the floor surface and includes a layer-region that covers a region of the floor surface that spans across the aperture. The alkaline earth metal is in the reservoir hole.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to improving measurement of metrics of air data of an atmosphere outside an aircraft. Such measurements are improved by estimating a daylight portion of light received by an optical receiver configured to receive a reflected portion of the projected beam backscattered by the atmosphere. Estimation of the daylight portion is performed using a daylight filter. The daylight filter receives the light received by the optical receiver after it has been filtered by a vapor cell filter and separates the light, as filtered, into a beam sampling portion and a complementary non-sampling portion. The non-beam sampling portion includes wavelengths immediately adjacent to the beam sampling portion. The non-beam sampling portion is used to estimate the daylight portion within the beam sampling portion, which also contains the reflected portion of the projected beam used for calculating the metrics of air data.

A system for automatically locking a control laser in a Rydberg atomic sensor may comprise an atomic vapor cell, a probe laser configured to excite the atoms in the atomic vapor cell to an intermediate energy state, and a control laser configured to excite the one or more atoms in the atomic vapor cell from the intermediate energy state to a higher energy state. The light generated by the control laser may be dithered at a pre-determined frequency. The system further comprises a photodiode configured to convert light received from the vapor cell into an electrical signal, a lock-in amplifier configured to generate an error signal based on the electrical signal received from the photo diode and a received reference oscillation frequency, and a servo configured to receive the generated error signal from the lock-in amplifier and adjust a frequency of the control laser based on the received error signal.

To provide a vapor chamber capable of efficiently cooling a heating element even when the vapor chamber is placed in an inclined manner.SOLUTION: A vapor chamber 1 includes a chamber body 10. The chamber body 10 includes a front surface 11, a bottom surface 24, a first inclined surface 25, a second inclined surface 26 and a top surface 27. The front surface 11 includes a placement region 17 where a heating element 2 is placed. In plan view of the front surface 11, the first inclined surface 25 and the second inclined surface 26 are inclined with respect to the bottom surface in such a manner that a sealed space spreads gradually from the bottom surface 24 toward the top surface 27. In plan view of the front surface 11, the placement region 17 is located between the first inclined surface 25 and the second inclined surface 26.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

An electric field sensor may include an atomic vapor cell and a plurality of lasers configured to excite atoms in the vapor cell from a low-energy state to a high-energy state. The sensor may be configured to split signals from the plurality of lasers into multiple polarized signals. The polarized signals may be transmitted through the atomic vapor cell. A subset of the polarized signals may be received by photodetectors after the subset exits the vapor cell. Based on signals from the photodetectors, the electric field sensor may determine an angle of arrival and polarization information about an electric field that is incident upon the atomic vapor cell.

A method of manufacturing a vapor cell includes forming a body of the vapor cell having walls defining a cavity thereinbetween, the cavity having an amount of a subject material contained therein. The method also includes forming a pore structure having a substrate material with pores of a substantially uniform dimension formed therein, the pore structure disposed along a portion of one or more of the walls of the vapor cell. The method further includes forming a liner material of a uniform thickness over one or more internal surfaces of the pores, wherein the subject material exhibits a reduced wetting angle on the liner material which is less than a wetting angle of the subject material on the substrate material.

In a general aspect, methods for manufacturing vapor cells are disclosed. In certain aspects, a method of manufacturing a vapor cell includes obtaining a dielectric body that has interior and exterior surfaces. The interior surface defines a cavity in the dielectric body, and the exterior surface defines an opening to the cavity. The method includes forming an antirelaxation coating on the interior surface of the dielectric body. The antirelaxation coating comprising an organosilane material. The method additionally includes disposing a vapor or a source of vapor in the cavity and obtaining an optical window that comprises a surface. The vapor or the source of vapor includes alkali metal atoms. The method also includes bonding the surface of the optical window to the exterior surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening to the cavity.

A vapor cell includes a cell body and a cell window anodically bonded to the cell body. The cell window and the cell body define a vapor cavity configured to contain a vapor comprising a plurality of alkali atoms.