The invention relates to a method for preparing a load type high-dispersion multi-component precious metal nanoparticle catalyst. The method comprises the steps of 1) under inert atmosphere, uniformly stirring a solvent and a surface active agent, then adding a precious metal precursor solution, rising the temperature, reacting for a certain period of time, cooling to the room temperature, adding normal hexane, and performing extraction layering; 2) uniformly mixing the obtained upper layer nanoparticle solution with a carrier, and stirring or performing ultrasonic treatment; and 3) centrifugating, washing and drying or baking the mixed solution to obtain the catalyst. For the precious metal catalyst, even under a relatively high carrying amount, relatively good precious metal nanoparticle dispersion degree can be still guaranteed; the particle sizes of the particles are uniformly distributed; the precious metal carrying amount is controlled easily and accurately; the particle sizes and the components of multi-component particles can be controlled; and the catalysis application range is wide. The process is simple; the preparation cost is low; the applicability is high; and load-type high-dispersion precious metal and the multi-component precious metal nanoparticle catalyst can be prepared in a large scale.