The invention relates to a robust image hashing method and device based on Radon transformation and invariant features, and belongs to the field of information safety. In terms of the problem that hashing cannot resist geometric attacks well, normalized preprocessing operation is carried out on images firstly, invariant feature points are generated by utilizing an unchanged centroid algorithm, the circular area around an unchanged centroid is selected, Radon transformation is carried out on the circular area to generate a coefficient matrix, multiple lines of coefficients are selected randomly from a transformation domain by utilizing a chaotic system, robust features of each line are extracted, the features of all lines are combined with the invariant moment features of the whole matrix to generate image hashing, and similarity comparison is carried out by utilizing Euclidean distance. By the adoption of the robust image hashing method and device based on the Radon transformation and invariant features, the problem that the false drop rate rises due to geometric attacks can be solved effectively; the problems that computation complexity is too high and hashing is too long can be solved according to hashing steps and hashing lengths. The method and device can be applied to the field of image content authentication, and can also be applied to image retrieval, image identification and other information safety fields.