The invention discloses an optical precision tracking detector based on a double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, which comprises an imaging lens, a pyramidal rectangular pyramid with an opening in thecenter thereof, a dynamic range matching lens, a precision matching lens, a light spot amplification lens, a dynamic range light intensity detector, a precision pyramidal rectangular pyramid and a precision light intensity detector, wherein the traditional optical precision tracking detector based on the pyramidal rectangular pyramid is added with the centrally-opened pyramidal rectangular pyramid, the dynamic range matching lens and the dynamic range light intensity detector in the hardware manner to increase the dynamic range of the detection in the oblique direction of wavefront tilt, andin the software manner, the nested four quadrant light spot centroid algorithm is used for calculating the centroid of the light spot so as to restore the tilt angle or the tilt direction of target wavefront. The light intensity detector of the optical precision tracking detector has flexible selectivity, high detection precision, large dynamic range of the detection in the oblique direction of wavefront tilt, simple algorithm for restoring the wavefront tilt and easily-realized process, thus providing conditions for the detection of weak light wavefront at high accuracy and high frame frequency.