The invention relates to a coding
security system for firearms (1, 1a) of the same type of weapon but different calibers to prevent the exchange of at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a), comprising: - at least one first firearm (1) of a first
caliber or at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) thereof, - at least one second firearm (1a) with a second, different
caliber or at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) thereof, - at least one first safety device on the first and / or second firearm (1, 1a) or the at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a) thereof, designed to prevent the attachment of at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) of the at least one first firearm (1) to the at least one second firearm (1a), and at least one second safety device on the first and / or second firearm or the at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) thereof, which is designed to prevent the attachment of at least one weapon component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) of the at least one second firearm (1a) to the at least one first firearm (1). The invention further relates to weapon components (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) and firearms (1, 1a) for use in the coding
security system.