The invention discloses a preparation method for a multi-core MgB2 superconducting wire/band. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, preparing precursor powder; 2, feeding the precursor powder into a Nb/Cu composite metal tube to obtain a tubing complex; 3, performing rotary swaging and drawing treatment, and thus obtaining single-core wires; 4, placing a copper-niobium composite rod anda plurality of single-core wires into an anaerobic copper tube for secondary assembly to obtain a secondary composite rod, performing the rotary swaging and drawing treatment, and thus obtaining multi-core wires; and 5 sintering in vacuum, and thus obtaining the multi-core MgB2 superconducting wire; or rolling into multi-core bands, then sintering in vacuum, and thus obtaining the multi-core MgB2superconducting band. By the preparation method, powder is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment, so that the condition that high-activity carbon which is decomposed from SiC can better replace boron can be ensured, and the improvement on the critical current density of the wire/band in a magnetic field is better facilitated. Due to the adoption of a center copper-niobium composite bar enhanced conductor structure, the improvement on the density of the MgB2 superconducting wire is facilitated, the connectivity of MgB2 crystal grains is enhanced, and the critical current density of the wire/band is improved.