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694 results about "Spoke" patented technology

A spoke is one of some number of rods radiating from the center of a wheel (the hub where the axle connects), connecting the hub with the round traction surface. The term originally referred to portions of a log that had been riven (split lengthwise) into four or six sections. The radial members of a wagon wheel were made by carving a spoke (from a log) into their finished shape. A spokeshave is a tool originally developed for this purpose. Eventually, the term spoke was more commonly applied to the finished product of the wheelwright's work, than to the materials he used.

Omnidirectional roller wheel with sold bushing and symmetrical axle

A wheel assembly is composed of multiple wheels, each featuring a hub with spokes and a main axle bore, and cross-roller sub-assemblies that include symmetrical axles and solid bushings, as well as peripheral rollers. The cross-roller sub-assemblies are overmolded with the wheel hub to form a peripheral axle ring. A method of assembling the wheel assembly involves creating the cross-roller sub-assemblies by overmolding the solid bushings with peripheral rollers, and then placing these sub-assemblies in a mold to form the peripheral axle ring. Alternatively, the pre-roller assemblies may be overmolded directly with the wheel hub to form the peripheral axle ring.
Owner:LAB67 CO

Wheel

The invention provides a wheel which comprises an outer spoke, an inner spoke and a rim, the outer spoke and the inner spoke are sequentially and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rim in the axis direction of the rim, a plurality of mounting through holes are formed in the outer spoke, a plurality of connecting through holes are formed in the inner spoke, and the connecting through holes correspond to the mounting through holes in position in a one-to-one mode. And the outer spoke is fixedly connected with the inner spoke at the connecting through holes and the corresponding mounting through holes. According to the wheel, the hub spoke part is of a double-layer structure formed by combining the outer spoke and the inner spoke, and the multiple connecting sleeves are arranged at the positions needing to be connected, so that the outer spoke and the inner spoke do not need to bear too much torque, the lateral rigidity of the wheel can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, the material of the hub spoke of the wheel and the total weight of the wheel can be reduced, and the service life of the wheel is prolonged. Therefore, the material cost of the wheel is reduced, and light weight of a vehicle is achieved.
Owner:ZHEJIANG JINGU CO LTD

Airless tire

An airless tire includes a plurality of spokes having elasticity and provided radially from an outer circumferential side of a wheel coupled to a vehicle toward an inner circumferential side of a tread that comes into contact with a road surface; and an intermediate ring having elasticity and provided to connect to the plurality of spokes between the wheel and the tread. Each of the spokes having a bent portion between an end portion on the wheel side and an end portion on the tread side, the bent portion is bending with respect to a direction connecting these end portions. The intermediate ring are connected to the bent portion. Each of the spokes has a plurality of bent portions, and the bent portions each have a minor angle that is formed to decrease from the end portion on the wheel side to the end portion on the tread side.
Owner:NISSAN MOTOR CO LTD

Wheel device, vehicle having the wheel device, and method of controlling the wheel device

The invention relates to a wheel device, a vehicle having the wheel device and a method of controlling the wheel device. The wheel device comprises a wheel body, a cover element and a transmission assembly. The wheel body is provided with a plurality of spokes which are arranged at intervals at a preset angle, and a through opening through which air can pass is formed between every two adjacent spokes; the cover element can cover the side face of the wheel body in a rotating mode relative to the wheel body around the rotating axis of the wheel body and is provided with at least one hole opening area. A transmission assembly is disposed between the wheel body and the shroud element and is configured to rotate the shroud element relative to the wheel body about a rotational axis of the wheel body when a rotational speed of the wheel body is greater than a predetermined threshold, therefore, the through opening of the wheel body is converted from an open state in which the through opening overlaps with the orifice area to a blocked state in which the through opening does not overlap with the orifice area. The invention has the advantages of reducing air resistance, increasing endurance mileage or fuel efficiency, and improving cooling performance, braking performance and appearance design.
Owner:HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD +1

Automobile hub capable of reducing wind resistance

ActiveCN119974824ARimsSpokeWindage
The invention discloses an automobile hub capable of reducing wind resistance, and relates to the technical field of automobile hubs, the automobile hub comprises a hub body, the hub body comprises a rim, a wheel disc and spokes, a sealing part is arranged in the rim, the sealing part is arranged on the outer side of the wheel disc, and the sealing part is used for sealing a cavity of the rim to reduce the wind resistance of the rim during running. The sealing piece comprises an outer plate and an inner plate, and the outer plate is fixed to the outer side of the spoke. The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, a cavity of an automobile hub is generally open, but the open hub cavity can be impacted by airflow when an automobile runs at a high speed, an internal cavity can form vortex or turbulent flow, aerodynamic resistance is increased, energy consumption is increased and the like. Compared with the prior art, the wheel hub has the advantages that the sealing piece capable of being opened and closed is arranged on the surface of the wheel hub, so that the sealing piece can seal the cavity and reduce aerodynamic resistance during high-speed driving, and the sealing piece can be opened and improve heat dissipation during braking.
Owner:JIANGSU DONGZHIBAO AUTOMOBILE CO LTD

Vehicle wheel and manufacturing method of the same

To lighten a weight of a vehicle wheel.SOLUTION: A vehicle wheel 1 consists of a cast integrally comprising a disc 10 and a rim 20, wherein a plurality of windows 12, 13 and spokes 14, 15 are arranged alternately in a circumferential direction on the disc 10. An annular space 30 is formed between a disc-side side wall part 23 and an outer peripheral edge part of the disc 10 in the inside in a radial direction of a disc-side bead seat part 22 in the rim 20. Thickness reduction recesses 41, 42 are formed on a back face of the disc 10. The thickness reduction recesses 41, 42 have extension parts 41a, 42a extending outside in a lateral direction to face the annular space 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Owner:TOPY INDUSTRIES LTD

Wheel and electric automobile

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobiles, and provides a wheel and an electric automobile, the wheel comprises a hub, a hub motor, a planetary reduction mechanism and a mandrel, the hub comprises a rim and a spoke, and the hub motor and the planetary reduction mechanism are both located on the same side of the spoke; the hub motor comprises a motor shell, a motor stator and a rotor assembly, the motor stator is fixed in the motor shell, and the radial outer end of the rotor assembly corresponds to the motor stator; the planetary reducing mechanism comprises a planet carrier and a sun gear, the radial inner end of the rotor assembly is fixedly connected with the sun gear, and the planet carrier is fixedly connected with the spoke; the mandrel is fixed on a vehicle body, the motor shell is fixed on the mandrel, and the planet carrier, the sun gear and the rotor assembly are all rotationally installed on the mandrel. The acting force borne by the hub in the wheel is transmitted to the central spindle through the planetary speed reducing mechanism and then transmitted to a vehicle body through the central spindle, and the problem that a shell of a hub motor is prone to deformation is solved.
Owner:SHENZHEN DAFU NEW ENERGY CO LTD

Inner cylinder of washing and drying all-in-one machine

The utility model discloses an inner cylinder of a washing and drying all-in-one machine, which comprises a cylinder bottom frame, a cylinder bottom frame, a cylinder bottom frame and a cylinder bottom frame, the cylinder bottom frame is of a wheel-shaped structure and comprises a hub, spokes and a rim, and the spokes are connected between the hub and the rim; the bottom of the barrel body is connected to the periphery of the rim in a sleeving mode, and a splicing seam of the barrel body and the rim is filled with a sealing rubber ring; and the cylinder bottom plate is installed on the bottom side of the cylinder bottom frame, and a first sealing gasket is arranged between the cylinder bottom plate and the cylinder bottom frame in a cushioned mode so as to fill a splicing gap between the cylinder bottom plate and the cylinder bottom frame. According to the scheme, the problem of secondary pollution to clothes caused by dirt accumulated in gaps of a traditional splicing structure can be effectively solved, the washing hygiene is improved, and the washing machine is particularly suitable for sensitive clothes or scenes with high hygiene requirements.
Owner:GUANGZHOU EZVALO TECH CO LTD

Lightweight hollow noise-reducing wheel hub and mold

The application discloses a hollow noise-reducing light-weight hub and a hub mold, which comprise a rim and spokes, the rim is provided with an outer window and a gas port, a hollow cavity is arranged in the rim, the hollow cavity is provided with a first aperture at the outer window and a second aperture at the gas port, and a third aperture is arranged on the back side of the spoke; the above structure makes the wall thickness of the rim uniform, casting defects are not easy to occur, noise can be reduced, the hub can be lightened, and the weight of the hub is lighter than that of an existing hub; the mold comprises a lower mold, a sand core and an upper mold; the lower mold is provided with a boss portion and a groove portion, the boss portion is provided with a first recess and a second recess; the main body of the sand core is provided with a first convex portion and a second convex portion; the upper mold is press-fitted on the sand core, the bottom of the upper mold is provided with an arc pressing portion, the arc pressing portion is arranged above the groove portion, the arc pressing portion is in contact with the top surface of the boss portion, the lower mold, the sand core and the upper mold are assembled and fixed, and product casting is completed.
Owner:FOSHAN NANHAI SUPERBAND MOULD CO LTD

Spoke wheel and rail vehicle

This invention discloses a spoked wheel and a rail transit vehicle, relating to the field of vehicle engineering technology. The spoked wheel includes a rim, a hub, and multiple spokes; the hub is located at the center radially of the rim; all spokes constitute a spoke assembly, with the inner radial end of each spoke fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the hub and the outer radial end fixed to the inner circumferential surface of the rim; on the inner circumferential surface of the rim, the connection area of ​​the spoke assembly is located at the center axially, and annular mounting grooves are respectively provided on both sides of the connection area axially, in which noise-reducing damping rings are installed. Because the rim provides mounting space for noise-reducing damping rings axially on both sides of the connection area with the spoke assembly, noise-reducing damping rings can be installed to reduce noise, thereby improving the noise reduction capability of the spoked wheel.
Owner:NAT HIGH SPEED TRAIN QINGDAO TECH INNOVATION CENT

Omni wheel

PendingUS20250346068A1WheelsRolleronSpoke
An omniwheel 100 comprising a central hub 150 from which extends a plurality of radially extending spokes 110, each spoke 110 terminating with an outer radial head 112, each pair of adjacent radial heads radially spaced from the central hub 150 have extending therebetween a roller axle for supporting a roller 104 adapted to rotate about an axis 105 perpendicular to a virtual radial line 124 extending from a main axis 108 of rotation of the wheel 104, wherein the outer periphery of the central hub 150 includes a cylindrical outer wall 156 supporting for each radial head a pair of radially outwardly extending spoke arms 146 defining therebetween a triangular, diamond or arrow-head shaped hollow 142, the pair of outwardly extending spoke arms 146 converging to meet to form a spoke neck portion 134 that supports the corresponding radial head 112.
Owner:ROTACASTER WHEEL

Omnidirectional wheel

An omnidirectional wheel (100) includes a central hub (150) from which a plurality of radially extending spokes (110) extend, each spoke (110) terminating in an outer radial head (112), each pair of adjacent radial heads radially spaced from the central hub (150) having a roller axis extending therebetween for supporting a roller (104) adapted to rotate about an axis (105), the axis (105) is perpendicular to a virtual radial line (124) extending from the main rotational axis (108) of the wheel (104), where the outer periphery of the central hub (150) includes a cylindrical outer wall (156) supporting each radial head, a pair of radially outwardly extending spoke arms (146) defining a triangular, diamond or arrow-shaped hollow portion (142) therebetween, the pair of outwardly extending spoke arms (146) converging to converge, thereby forming a spoke neck (134) supporting a respective radial head (112).
Owner:ROTACASTER WHEEL

Bicycle wheel assembly structure

A bicycle wheel assembly structure includes an annular rim, a hub, nipples, and spokes. The annular rim includes multiple rim penetration sections, each of which includes a rim-side limiting part on a circumference. The hub is arranged at the center of the annular rim. The hub includes multiple hub penetration sections. The rim-side limiting part and the nipple limiting part, and also the hub-side limiting part and the spoke limiting part, are all made in a hexagonal pyramid form with apex truncated to form a planar surface and including bevel facets so as to provide an anti-sliding effect resulting from geometric constraint and high static friction at both the annular rim-side and the hub-side. The angle of the hexagonal pyramid of the nipple limiting part is 60°, 90°, or 120°, and an optimum arrangement can be made based on the material elongation of the spokes and the desired tension.
Owner:HEXA CO LTD(CN)

Fuel Charger Spoke of the wheel hub

ActiveCN309351898SSpokeAutomotive engineering
1. Name of the Design Product: Fuel Charger Spoke of the Wheel Hub. 2. Use of the Design Product: In this design product, the wheel hub is used to support the tire and rotate on the axle, the spoke is used to provide support for the wheel hub, and the spoke unit, as a component of the spoke, provides support for the spoke and the wheel hub. 3. Design Key Points of the Design Product: Lies in the shape of the product. 4. Picture or Photograph that Best Illustrates the Design Key Points: Front View.
Owner:WHEEL PROS LLC

Steel-aluminum wheel

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile accessories, in particular to a steel-aluminum wheel which comprises a rim, a spoke and a fixing piece. The spoke is provided with a connecting part, the connecting part is arranged between the spoke and the rim, the connecting part is provided with a connecting groove, a connecting ring is correspondingly installed on a rim of the rim, and the connecting ring is assembled in the connecting groove. And the fixing piece sequentially penetrates through the rim and the connecting part so as to fix the rim and the spoke. According to the steel-aluminum wheel, a connecting piece does not need to be embedded in the aluminum spoke, the connecting structure that the connecting ring is in interference fit with the connecting groove is more stable, and the fixing piece sequentially penetrates through the rim and the connecting part to fix the rim and the connecting part, so that the situation that the service life of a welding seam area is short is prevented, the effect of improving the product quality is achieved, and the production cost is reduced. The wheel performance can be effectively improved; and the service life of the wheel is prolonged.
Owner:HANGZHOU JINGU AVATAR CO LTD

Wheel hot rolling centering and spoke expanding mechanism

The invention discloses a wheel rolling mill synchronous centering mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of steel wheel rolling mills, the wheel rolling mill synchronous centering mechanism comprises a main roller assembly slidably arranged in a mounting groove of a machine body in the left-right direction and centering roller assemblies symmetrically arranged relative to the main roller assembly in the up-down direction, and the two centering roller assemblies are both hinged to the machine body; a driving part is arranged on the main roller assembly and used for driving the left ends of the two centering roller assemblies to rotate at the same time when the main roller assembly moves rightwards, and then the right ends of the two centering roller assemblies and the right end of the main roller assembly synchronously move inwards. When the device is used, a wheel is placed between the right ends of the two centering roller assemblies and the right end of the main roller assembly through the mechanical arm, and then the main roller assembly is driven by the main hydraulic telescopic rod to move rightwards; the purpose that the right end of the main roller assembly and the right ends of the two centering roller assemblies synchronously move inwards to clamp the tread of the wheel is achieved, then friction is conducted on the inner edge of the wheel through the radial plate roller assembly to drive the wheel to rotate, and meanwhile retreating force is generated at the position, making contact with the inner edge of the wheel, of the radial plate roller assembly. A spoke expanding effect is generated on the inner edge of the wheel; and meanwhile, the contact force between the tread of the wheel and the main roller is increased all the time, and the rotating stability of the wheel is guaranteed.
Owner:HENAN SPEED WHEEL RAIL TRANSIT EQUIP CO LTD

A hub spinning die

The present application relates to the technical field of automobile wheel hub die, in particular to a wheel hub spinning die, comprising: a lower die assembly and a pressing plate (9) for pressing a wheel hub casting on the lower die assembly; the pressing plate (9) has a spoke top pressing surface for pressing spokes in the wheel hub casting. The present application provides a wheel hub spinning die which can press the casting and will not cause deformation of the spokes of the casting.
Owner:GUANGZHOU WHEELHORSE ASAHI ALUMINIUM CO LTD

Automobile hub capable of actively reducing wind resistance

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile hub manufacturing, in particular to an automobile hub capable of actively reducing wind resistance. Comprising a wheel rim, a spoke frame is fixedly connected to the wheel rim, a transmission rod is fixedly connected to the spoke frame, a friction disc is fixedly connected to the transmission rod, calipers are arranged on the friction disc, the transmission rod is rotationally connected with a limiting plate, a wind blocking frame is fixedly connected to the limiting plate, and a supporting ring is fixedly connected to the wind blocking frame. The supporting ring is rotationally connected with the wheel rim, the transmission rod is slidably connected with extrusion frames distributed in an array mode in the circumferential direction, and tension springs distributed in a mirror image mode are arranged between the extrusion frames and the transmission rod. According to the hub, the air blocking frame is matched with the spoke frame, the air inlet state of the rim is adaptively switched according to the specific driving state of an automobile, so that the hub gives consideration to'low wind resistance 'at high moving speed and'efficient heat dissipation' at medium and low moving speed, and the stability of an automobile braking system is guaranteed while the endurance of the automobile is improved.
Owner:山东镁卡车轮有限公司

Wheel

ActiveCN223618515UDisc wheelsSpokePhysics
The utility model discloses a wheel which comprises an outer spoke, an inner spoke and a rim, the outer spoke and the inner spoke are sequentially and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rim in the axis direction of the rim, and the inner edge of a center hole of the inner spoke is connected with the inner edge of a center hole of the outer spoke. A first cavity located between the outer spoke and the inner spoke is formed in the wheel, a plurality of outer air holes communicated with the first cavity are formed in the outer spoke, and a plurality of inner air holes communicated with the first cavity are formed in the inner spoke. And the plurality of outer air holes and the plurality of inner air holes are communicated with each other through the first cavity. The utility model has the advantage of convenient assembly.
Owner:HANGZHOU JINGU AVATAR CO LTD

Manufacturing method of light-weight heat-free alloy automobile hub

The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a light-weight heat-alloy-free automobile hub, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing an alloy raw material, then smelting and casting, and casting a light alloy into a barrel shape by a gravity inclined casting method; then spinning the drum into the required wheel rim by using a spinning machine; machining is conducted after heat treatment is conducted, and a rim semi-finished product needed before wheel welding is formed; meanwhile, spokes in various shapes are cast through a vibration pressurizing casting method, and machining is carried out; the rim and the spoke are welded to form a hub blank through friction stir welding or inertia friction welding; and finally, through machining and surface treatment, the finished hub meeting the technical requirements is obtained, and the finished hub is packaged and warehoused. According to the light-weight heat-free alloy automobile hub, the fine grain casting spoke, the casting and spinning rim and the friction welding technology are adopted for producing the light-weight heat-free alloy automobile hub, the comprehensive performance of the hub is remarkably improved, light weight of the automobile hub is achieved, and the requirements of modern automobiles for light weight, strength and performance are met.
Owner:SHAOXING OULIYOU NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

Wheel

The invention provides a wheel which comprises an outer spoke, an inner spoke and a rim, the outer spoke and the inner spoke are sequentially and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rim in the axis direction of the rim, a plurality of mounting through holes are formed in the outer spoke, a plurality of connecting through holes are formed in the inner spoke, and the connecting through holes correspond to the mounting through holes in position in a one-to-one mode. And the outer spoke is fixedly connected with the inner spoke at the connecting through holes and the corresponding mounting through holes. According to the wheel, the hub spoke part is of a double-layer structure formed by combining the outer spoke and the inner spoke, and the multiple connecting sleeves are arranged at the positions needing to be connected, so that the outer spoke and the inner spoke do not need to bear too much torque, the lateral rigidity of the wheel can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, the material of the hub spoke of the wheel and the total weight of the wheel can be reduced, and the service life of the wheel is prolonged. Therefore, the material cost of the wheel is reduced, and light weight of a vehicle is achieved.
Owner:ZHEJIANG JINGU CO LTD

A hinge-driven bistable wheel-leg conversion mechanism

The present invention relates to the technical field of robot compliant motion system design, and discloses a hinge-driven bistable wheel-leg conversion mechanism, comprising a bistable structure having two stable states: a wheel shape and a leg shape. The bistable structure comprises a frame and a first drive module. The frame comprises a plurality of spokes distributed in an array, a hinge and a pseudo-rigid rod are provided between the ends of two adjacent spokes, and the hinge is connected to the first drive module. The hinge bends and deforms under the positive action of the first drive module, and the bistable structure is converted from a wheel shape to a leg shape. When the first drive module stops acting, the hinge returns to its original state, and the bistable structure returns from a leg shape to a wheel shape. The stiffness of the pseudo-rigid rod is greater than the stiffness of the hinge. The present invention can undergo flexible deformation when encountering obstacles, thereby adapting to various unstructured terrain environments and having better buffering and energy absorption characteristics.
Owner:SOUTHEAST UNIV

Five-axis numerical control rotary table machining device with adjusting function

The utility model relates to the field of high-end spoked wheel middle hub machining, in particular to a five-axis numerical control rotary table machining device with an adjusting function. The device comprises a base, a movable seat, a hub clamping device, a portal frame, a movable cross beam, a machining main shaft and a movable driving device, the portal frame is provided with Z-direction sliding rails, and the two ends of the movable cross beam are arranged on the Z-direction sliding rails in a sliding mode. The movable cross beam is provided with an X-direction sliding rail, and the machining main shaft is arranged on the X-direction sliding rail in a sliding mode. The hub clamping device comprises a bottom plate, a clamping assembly and a support. The hub clamping device is arranged and is only clamped and fixed with the shaft sleeve part of the middle hub of the high-end spoked wheel, so that the clamping and fixing operation of the high-end spoked wheel cannot damage the structure and the appearance of the spoked wheel, and the machining is also convenient. In addition, the five-axis numerical control rotary table machining device has moving freedom degrees in multiple directions, so that the machining process of the middle hub of the high-end spoked wheel is more flexible and efficient.
Owner:ZHONGNAN ALUMINUM WHEEL MFG (GUANGDONG) CO LTD

Systems and devices for bicycle wheels

PCT designated stageWO2026006359A1HubsSpoked wheelsScrew threadSpoke
A device having a rim having an inner edge and an outer edge. A device can include a hub positioned within the center of the rim and include a first protrusion positioned on the hub; and a channel extending through the first protrusion. A device can include a spoke extending between the rim and the hub, the spoke comprising: a first threaded surface positioned at a first end of the spoke; a first portion extending from the first end; a bent portion extending from the first portion; a second portion extending from the bent portion; and a second threaded surface positioned at a second end of the spoke extending from the second portion, wherein the first threaded surface is at least partially positioned within the rim, the second threaded surface is at least partially positioned within the rim, and the bent portion is positioned within the channel of the protrusion.
Owner:P1 RACE TECHNOLOGIES

Bait casting boat

The invention provides a bait casting boat. The bait casting boat comprises a boat body, a wheel shaft, a walking mechanism, a driving mechanism and a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism comprises a first mechanism and two second mechanisms, and the first mechanism and the two second mechanisms are respectively connected with one driving mechanism; the walking mechanism comprises a wheel disc, wheel claws and a spoke, the wheel disc comprises an outer shaft and inner shafts rotationally arranged at the two ends of the outer shaft, the transmission mechanism is connected with the inner shafts, the inner shafts, the spoke and the wheel disc are coaxially installed, the wheel disc is provided with a plurality of wheel claws in a circumferential mode, the spoke is provided with supporting rods in one-to-one correspondence with the wheel claws, and the supporting rods are connected with the transmission mechanism. The supporting rods are hinged to the wheel claws; pins in one-to-one correspondence with the wheel claws are arranged on the inner surface of the wheel disc, and sliding grooves matched with the pins are formed in one ends of the wheel claws. Good ground gripping force can be achieved, efficient obstacle crossing is achieved, the size can be reduced, and the robot is adaptive to the limited loading space of a boat.
Owner:HUNAN AGRI UNIV

Endlessly rotating body

To provide an endlessly rotating body in which a piezoelectric element is arranged in a spoke, which can be enhanced in efficiency of electric power generation.SOLUTION: A wheel 10 comprises a rim part 11, a hub mounting part 12, and a plurality of spokes 13 connecting the rim part 11 and the hub mounting part 12. A piezoelectric element 26 is arranged in each of the spokes 13. The piezoelectric element 26 is arranged on an inner surface in a vehicle width direction of each spoke 13. The piezoelectric element 26 is arranged at a position closer to the hub mounting part 12 than to the rim part 11 in each spoke 13. The wheel 10 is, for example, an aluminum wheel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Owner:TOPY INDUSTRIES LTD