The invention discloses a mining whole-section hard rock tunneling machine and a circulative tunneling method. The mining whole-section hard rock tunneling machine comprises a tunneling machine main machine, the tunneling machine main machine comprises a tunneling cutter head, a shield and driving part, a beam body, a bracing thrust mechanism, a back supporting mechanism and a back matching component which are connected in sequence; the bracing thrust mechanism comprises a thrust cylinder and a gripper shoe which is arranged in the horizontal direction of the tunneling machine main machine; the beam body comprises a main beam, an annular beam, an excessive beam and a sliding beam which are connected in sequence, one end of the thrust cylinder is connected with the beam body, the other end of the thrust cylinder drives the gripper shoe which is arranged on the sliding beam in a sleeving mode, and the back supporting mechanism is connected with the back matching component through a drawing oil cylinder. According to the mining whole-section hard rock tunneling machine and the circulative tunneling method, high mechanization, automation and informationization are achieved, historical breakthrough of a traditional rock roadway tunneling technology and equipment is achieved, a solid foundation is laid for solving the rock roadway bottleneck problem of mine development, and significance in ensuring normal replacement of a mine and achieving high-yield efficient construction goals is achieved.