The invention provides a diagnostic system for non-uniform plasma electron density, including the following parts: a plasma generator, disposed in front of the calibrator; an ultra-wideband antenna, including a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna disposed on the same side of the plasma generator; a time domain narrow-pulse source, connected to the transmitting antenna; a high-speed sampling digital oscilloscope, connected to the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and used for recording and processing a transmitting signal of the transmitting antenna and a receiving signalof the receiving antenna; and a programmable power supply system, respectively connected to the time domain narrow-pulse source, the high-speed sampling digital oscilloscope and the plasma generator,and used to trigger the time domain narrow-pulse source, control the discharge power of the plasma generator, and record different discharge power states of the plasma to obtain basic plasma parameters under different discharge states. The system provided by the invention has the advantage of simulating a more accurate environment of super-sonic target surface plasma sheath, and having high testefficiency and low test cost.