56results about How to "Reduce bias" patented technology

This application belongs to the field of semiconductor processing technology, specifically relating to a backlight reflective layer printing device and its application. This application effectively controls the vibration generated during the printing process by optimizing the mechanical structure and position design of the frame, support plate device, and multi-axis spindle, reducing the deviation between the actual operating path and the planned path of the piezoelectric jet valve. This significantly improves the stability of the piezoelectric jet valve operation and the printing accuracy. Furthermore, this application, by setting up a micro-adjustment device, a positioning system, an inkjet calibration system, and a needle alignment device, and utilizing their coordinated relationship, can precisely correct printing parameters such as the jetting position or jetting volume of the piezoelectric jet valve. Therefore, based on the aforementioned stable printer body structure, the coating quality of the backlight reflective layer obtained by piezoelectric jet printing will be further improved. Thus, the backlight reflective layer prepared using this invention has better thickness uniformity and a better reflective effect.

The utility model discloses a kind of visual calibration device of astigmatism eye focal line, comprising: axial position scale board, board face is printed with E-type visual target for distant visual detection;Cross visual target disc, coaxially rotatably embedded in through-hole;Several groups of pinholes, each group is arranged along visual target line two sides straight line, pinhole center connecting line is parallel with corresponding visual target line;Fixed shaft is through cross visual target disc center, and is mechanically connected with transmission device;LED light source, set in axial position scale board back surface.The utility model has beneficial effect: the utility model can provide clear and visible and invariable measured astigmatism eye objective existence astigmatism focal line of the person being examined, and can accurately determine the clear criterion that cross visual target line coincides with the focal line, so as to maximumly improve the accuracy of astigmatism eye astigmatism axial calibration, reduce the deviation of calibration astigmatism axial direction and actual astigmatism axial direction, improve determination accuracy and determination work efficiency.

This utility model relates to the field of spunlace fabric production technology and discloses a spunlace fabric production line, which includes a sizing screen and a spunlace screen. Corresponding web-forming screens and a first web-forming vacuum suction device are arranged on both sides of the sizing screen. After the fiber web is formed on the sizing screen, the mutual compression between the web-forming screen and the sizing screen smooths the rough surface of the fiber web. The first web-forming vacuum suction device then removes moisture from the fiber web, reducing its moisture content. This reduces the deviation in distance between the fiber web and the hydroentanglement during the first hydroentanglement process, ensuring that the hydroentanglement energy is fully and evenly received by the fiber web, promoting uniform fiber entanglement. Compared to roller compression, this method is gentler. While the web-forming screen is compressing the sizing screen, the moisture is absorbed by the vacuum suction device below, and the negative pressure adsorbs the fiber web, preventing damage to its integrity. This utility model features a simple structure, strong practicality, and good performance.

The application discloses a FinFET device temperature-dose coupling modeling method, and belongs to the field of advanced semiconductor technology. The application solves the problem that a traditional irradiation model cannot give the degradation rule of a FinFET device under different temperature-dose. The application constructs a multi-physical field coupling nonlinear irradiation model, overcomes the limitation that a traditional total dose model only depends on the electric field intensity, effectively breaks through the limitation that a hole yield in the traditional model is only affected by the electric field and cannot reflect the degradation rule under different temperature-dose, and guarantees the accuracy of simulation results. Based on experimental data feedback, the application realizes dynamic correction of coupling factors, and improves the precision of the temperature-dose coupling model. By extracting the electrical characteristic parameter drift, the application constructs an analytical function of the evolution of the coupling factors with temperature and dose, and realizes accurate parameterization characterization of the radiation-induced trap charge accumulation process under different temperature-dose. The application can be applied to temperature-dose coupling modeling of a FinFET device.

A kind of power equipment image processing method based on optical fiber bundle imaging, storage medium and system, method is: signal output by infrared fiber bundle is collected by infrared camera pixel matrix, unit in matrix is divided into effective unit and invalid unit, and generate unit division binary matrix data file;Again processing obtains temperature correction matrix data file, temperature segmented point corresponding response value matrix data file, and establish the correction value of response value matrix under different radiation scene;Through numerical fitting and interpolation compensation method, the video stream of optical fiber bundle transmission image is carried out real-time restoration and optimization, completes the inversion from thermal map to temperature field distribution;The present application also includes the storage medium and system of storing the power equipment image processing method based on optical fiber bundle imaging of running this, the present application carries out real-time restoration and optimization to the video stream of optical fiber bundle transmission image by numerical fitting and interpolation compensation method, completes the inversion from thermal map to temperature field distribution.

The application discloses a wheel-bucket excavator experimental platform suitable for an alpine environment and relates to the technical field of mine mechanical test equipment, comprising a simulated rock wall, a wheel-bucket test device and a strain gauge; the wheel-bucket test device comprises a wheel-bucket assembly and a plurality of buckets uniformly arranged along the circumference of the wheel-bucket assembly, and a plurality of bucket teeth are arranged on the outer side of the bucket and directly contact the simulated rock wall; the strain gauge is inlaid in the connection between the bucket tooth and the bucket and is used for collecting the horizontal and vertical torsional stress changes of the bucket tooth; the simulated rock wall is arranged to simulate the physical properties of rock-soil bodies in the alpine environment, the bucket teeth directly contact the simulated rock wall to realize accurate simulation of the digging working condition, and the technical problem that the existing experimental platform cannot be adapted to the alpine environment is solved, thereby providing an experimental basis in line with actual working conditions for performance verification of the wheel-bucket excavator used in the alpine environment.

This invention relates to a method and system for multiple planning and force adjustment of welding allowance in robotic machining. The invention includes real-time monitoring of weld allowance changes to obtain real-time actual weld allowance data; establishing a material removal rate model based on historical grinding data and material properties; wherein the historical grinding data includes the material removal amount of materials with different properties under different grinding parameters; the material removal rate model is used to predict the material removal amount based on the actual grinding force and material properties; the grinding parameters include grinding speed, grinding path, magnitude and direction of grinding force and / or the tilt angle of the grinding tool; when there is a deviation between the actual weld allowance data and the target allowance, the grinding parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the material removal rate model; future grinding needs are predicted based on the current grinding state, and the grinding parameters are adjusted in advance. This invention improves the consistency of welding allowance processing and grinding accuracy, and enhances grinding quality and efficiency.

The utility model provides a kind of glue head mounting plate for 3D curved surface glass pad printing, it is related to glue head mounting plate technical field, comprising: mounting plate body, the top of mounting plate body is provided with glue head slot, the surface of mounting plate body and close to four corners are all provided with mounting hole, the bottom inner wall of glue head slot is symmetrically provided with round hole;Glue head slot is according to the "customized design cooperation size" of glue head outer diameter, both avoid glue head loosening displacement, prevent excessive extrusion deformation again, the structure of two end arc, four corners fillet, the special-shaped glue head demand of adaptation 3D curved surface glass, can play the effect of reducing pad printing pattern deviation, to improve yield ratio, mounting hole inlay fixed cylinder, can be adapted to the fastener of different pad printing machine, realize "one machine multiuse", the arc of glue head slot, fillet design, compatible circular, special-shaped glue head, without replacing mounting plate can switch pad printing process, can play the effect of improving change type time.

The utility model discloses a valve mechanism of micro -fluidic chip, including the upper valve disc of installing in the inside of micro -fluidic chip, the integral molding of a plurality of connecting columns of upper valve disc bottom end and the integral molding of a plurality of connecting column bottom end lower valve seat, the inside of lower valve seat is provided with a plurality of both ends all through to the arc drainage cavity of lower valve seat outside. Upper valve disc, lower valve seat in the utility model are driven by outside micro -motor and rotate in micro -fluidic chip, and the arc drainage cavity in lower valve seat is communicated with the corresponding flow passage in micro -fluidic chip, and the elastic retreat -stopping structure, the anti -slip groove maintain the rotation angle of upper valve disc, lower valve seat.

The present application relates to a tire rubber performance detection method, and particularly relates to a method and system for measuring a low-temperature network dissipation index for characterizing the low-temperature rolling energy consumption tendency of rubber tire tread rubber. The present application performs a strain amplitude scanning under constant frequency at T0+ / -DeltaT three temperature points by RPA / DMA, calculates the area type Payne value A(T) of the logarithmic strain coordinate and the temperature derivative thereof at T0, and outputs an index; the mixed area can be normalized or G'' is introduced. Through regression calibration k of the whole tire rolling resistance according to ISO 28580 and a threshold value, fast, comparable and quantifiable prediction of low-temperature energy consumption of the material grade is realized, and the present application is suitable for formula development, incoming material release and process control.

This application provides a geological space modeling method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The method includes performing multiple rounds of geological information filtering operations on a predetermined geological space containing multiple voxels; determining multiple inferred geological information for each other voxel (excluding all partial voxels); determining the target information confidence level corresponding to the other voxels; determining whether to update the multiple inferred geological information corresponding to the other voxels; in response to determining to update the multiple inferred geological information corresponding to the other voxels, updating the multiple inferred geological information corresponding to at least one other voxel to its corresponding updated geological information based on the multiple inferred geological information corresponding to at least one other voxel, the target information confidence level, and multiple sets of geological information; and modeling the predetermined geological space based on all actual geological information, all inferred geological information, and all updated geological information, thus solving the technical problem of poor modeling accuracy of geological space in the prior art.

The embodiment of the specification discloses a method for determining an objective evaluation index of a new energy vehicle passenger's car sickness degree. The method comprises collecting driving data of a vehicle with a test subject and physiological data of the test subject, and obtaining a pain degree scale score; determining each candidate index based on the driving data and the physiological data, and calculating the correlation coefficient between each candidate index and the pain degree scale score to screen out target indexes; setting weights for the pain degree scale score and each target index based on an entropy weight method, and calculating a car sickness prevention degree index based on the weighted calculation of the pain degree scale score and the value of each target index. In this embodiment, data in multiple dimensions can be integrated to reduce the bias of single dimension test, and key objective evaluation indexes that can represent subjective feelings can be more accurately and rigorously screened out to provide support basis for vehicle research and development optimization and performance test links of enterprises, and help to improve ride comfort and user experience.

The utility model relates to automatic feeding device technical field, especially quick automatic feeding device of grabbing, including feeding platform, support leg, still including clamping subassembly and feeding subassembly, the one side of feeding platform top is provided with the clamping subassembly for clamping material, the other side of feeding platform top is installed with feeding subassembly, the bottom of feeding platform is installed with support leg, the bottom of support leg is provided with antiskid pad, clamping subassembly includes slide rail, slide rail sets up in the two side walls of feeding platform right side, the back of slide rail is connected with the slider of one side sliding, the outside fixed connection of slider has the stand, the utility model discloses realized the full automation coordination operation of material pickup, delivery and press action, has improved production efficiency greatly, reduced the time waste and labor intensity of manual operation, the cooperation of automatic transfer mechanism and mobile platform can accurate pickup and stable material transfer, guarantees the accuracy of material handling in the production process.

The application discloses an artificial intelligence-based food colony detection analysis method and system, which comprises the following steps: performing gradient elution-layered filtration pretreatment on a food sample to be detected to generate a de-impurity colony sample; simultaneously performing colony microscopic image acquisition and near-infrared spectrum data acquisition on the de-impurity colony sample to generate initial multi-modal data; performing space-time calibration processing on the initial multi-modal data to generate space-time calibrated multi-modal data; performing multi-dimensional colony feature extraction and screening processing on the space-time calibrated multi-modal data to generate a strong correlation feature subset; performing AI double-branch attention fusion analysis processing on the strong correlation feature subset to generate a colony classification result and a colony concentration estimated value; and performing multi-reference system correction processing on the colony classification result and the colony concentration estimated value to generate a corrected detection result. The timeliness and reliability of the detection result are improved.

This invention discloses a multi-condition self-traceable calibration method and system for insufflators, relating to the field of insufflator metrology technology. The method includes: constructing a standard loop to apply back pressure and inject a controllable leakage; during a continuous calibration, controlling the insufflator under calibration to sequentially enter pressure stabilization, flow stabilization, and leakage disturbance conditions, synchronously collecting data through collaboratively working traceable pressure and flow references; comparing the reference measurements with the insufflator's readings to calculate pressure coupling error, flow coupling error, and dynamic response characteristics; performing standard state conversion based on preset standard pressure and temperature, fitting and generating calibration coefficients to correct the measured values, and generating a judgment result based on comparison of coupling error and dynamic response characteristics with preset thresholds; generating an automatic report including operating condition type, residual, final calibration measurement results, and uncertainty. This invention improves calibration accuracy and traceability through three-condition linkage calibration and environmental factor compensation.

This invention provides a method for identifying parameters of a heat pump system based on an improved Adam co-evolutionary algorithm, belonging to the field of industrial control process system identification technology. It solves the technical problems of traditional algorithms in heat pump system parameter identification, such as lack of physical constraint guidance, easy output of meaningless solutions, slow convergence speed, and the tendency of co-evolutionary algorithms to get trapped in local optima. The method includes the following steps: Step 1) Constructing a Hammerstein-Wiener model of an air-source heat pump based on the thermodynamic mechanism of core components; Step 2) Constructing the identification process of the improved Adam co-evolutionary algorithm, combining three groups of cooperative search, chaotic mechanisms, and the Adam optimizer to achieve efficient and accurate parameter identification. This invention uses the improved Adam co-evolutionary algorithm for air-source heat pump system parameter identification, which has both fast convergence speed and high identification accuracy, effectively avoids local optima, and has small parameter estimation errors.

The application discloses a real-time simulation and online review system for building energy-saving design based on a knowledge graph, comprising a data matching module, a knowledge graph construction module, a design simulation module, a simulation calculation module and an online review module; the data matching module can access building information building static attribute data and external data sources, and align and construct a cumulative distance matrix for the building static attribute data and the external data sources; the knowledge graph construction module performs semantic modeling and fusion on the building static attribute data and the external data sources based on a predefined domain ontology to form a knowledge graph; and the design simulation module can extract HVAC system equipment entities and their connection relationships from the knowledge graph. The application fundamentally solves the problem that HVAC system equipment operation is disconnected from dynamic carbon signals of a power grid in traditional building energy consumption simulation by constructing a knowledge graph that fuses static attributes and dynamic data.

This invention relates to the field of oral medical monitoring technology, specifically a postoperative oral bleeding risk prediction and intervention system based on multimodal data fusion. The system includes: collecting and standardizing preoperative coagulation function test data, intraoperative wound image data, and postoperative continuous physiological sign monitoring data; extracting three parameters from the intraoperative wound image: the proportion of exposed blood vessels, the density of tissue bleeding points, and the state of wound edge contraction; mapping these three parameters to the preoperative coagulation function data to construct a bleeding risk feature vector; training a bleeding risk classifier using this vector to obtain a risk prediction model; and inputting real-time postoperative physiological sign data into the model to obtain a bleeding risk probability value and trigger corresponding intervention measures. This system can accurately capture the real-time state of the wound, integrate multi-dimensional data, improve the accuracy of bleeding risk prediction, trigger timely intervention, and reduce postoperative bleeding complications.

This invention provides a two-stage electricity bill prediction method and apparatus based on user profiles and multi-dimensional data feature fusion. It belongs to the field of electricity bill prediction technology. The method includes the following steps: obtaining user profiles of the target user, as well as weather information, holiday information, other comprehensive information, abnormal event information, electricity price, and pricing rules corresponding to the prediction day; filtering feature values ​​for daily electricity consumption prediction based on the user profiles; inputting the filtered feature values ​​into a prediction model to obtain the predicted daily electricity consumption; determining whether there are abnormal events on the prediction day; if there are abnormal events, correcting the predicted daily electricity consumption by invoking a pre-established fitting correction relationship based on historical electricity consumption data according to the abnormal event information, obtaining the final predicted daily electricity consumption; and calculating the electricity bill for the prediction day based on the final predicted daily electricity consumption, electricity price, and pricing rules. This method can improve prediction accuracy while reducing the amount of data required for electricity bill prediction for ordinary residential users.

This invention relates to the field of resource allocation and task scheduling technology, and provides a method and device for intelligent event scheduling based on scheduling strategies. The method includes: configuring capability weights for each grid member; calculating their task allocation ratio within their respective grid based on these capability weights; storing the task allocation ratio, the total number of tasks in the grid within a period, and the number of tasks already allocated to each grid member as strategy data; triggering a scheduling process in response to a new event entering the system and being associated with a specific grid, and obtaining the strategy data corresponding to that grid; calculating the real-time availability index of each grid member within the specific grid based on the obtained strategy data, and selecting the grid member with the highest real-time availability index value as the target grid member; allocating the new event to the target grid member, and updating the number of tasks already allocated to that grid member in the strategy data. This invention can improve the rationality and execution efficiency of task allocation, and effectively ensure the compliance of long-term allocation strategies and the balance of the system.

This application provides a data visualization method, apparatus, system, device, and medium for distributed databases, comprising: extracting data to be displayed from a distributed database based on user business requirement information; extracting corresponding feature data from the data to be displayed according to preset business feature types; finding a business background image based on the business requirement information and extracting several activity trajectories from the business background image, each activity trajectory corresponding to a preset business feature type; adding the feature data to the business background image to obtain a business feature image, and then controlling the visualization of the feature data within the business feature image according to the activity trajectories. This application clarifies business features based on business requirements, selectively extracts various types of data, and dynamically presents them. This not only enhances the visual effect through dynamic display but also presents richer data details by displaying data according to features, further optimizing the display effect.

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile parts, and disclose a kind of spare tire mounting crossbeam assembly, including crossbeam main frame, two spare tire mounting seats are fixedly connected with symmetry at the front end of crossbeam main frame, for carrying and fixed spare tire, provide installation base for spare tire, the protruding portion of support is provided at the front and rear ends of crossbeam main frame, and crossbeam main frame bottom end is fixedly installed with reinforcing support arm by middle part positioning fastening pin.The utility model is in cooperation with the design of crossbeam main frame, reinforcing support arm, end connection support, collocates main positioning pin, auxiliary positioning pin and reinforcing rib groove, load dispersion rib plate and other structures, significantly improves the structural strength and anti-deformation ability of crossbeam.When bearing spare tire weight and vehicle driving impact, load can be effectively dispersed, stress concentration is avoided, the problem of insufficient structural strength and easy deformation in the prior art is solved, long-term reliable installation of spare tire is ensured, and vehicle safety is improved.

The utility model discloses an injection mold convenient to forming cavity adaptation relates to injection mold technical field, including upper module, ring, connecting plate, bottom module and film groove, the upper module top is provided with forming cavity structure, and the forming cavity structure includes connecting plate, first forming cavity block, second forming cavity block, forming groove, shaping film block and film groove, and the film groove sets up in the connecting plate top, and the shaping film block is installed in the film groove, and the shaping film block top is equipped with first forming cavity block, second forming cavity block, and the first forming cavity block, second forming cavity block inboard is provided with forming groove, and the oblique guide groove of guide plate guides first forming cavity block and second forming cavity block flexible sliding, and the size of forming cavity can be adjusted, and the shaping film block is fixed through the film groove, and it is convenient to replace to adapt to different products fast, and the accurate matching of cooperation forming groove and injection head satisfies the diversified injection demand, and the mold adaptation cost and time are reduced.

This invention discloses an intelligent diagnostic and network-connected method for support and hanger status based on multi-sensor fusion. The method synchronously collects support and hanger status data using pressure, displacement, and angle sensors. After Kalman filtering for noise reduction, time-frequency domain feature extraction, and dynamic weighted fusion, the data is input into a pre-trained fault diagnosis model to identify the support and hanger's working status. The terminal generates local alarms and uploads abnormal data. The operation and maintenance management platform executes a graded repair strategy according to the fault level. If repair fails, a maintenance work order is generated and pushed to maintenance personnel. This invention achieves real-time monitoring, accurate diagnosis, and closed-loop operation and maintenance of support and hanger status, and can be widely applied to support and hanger operation and maintenance scenarios such as building electromechanical systems and power lines.

This invention discloses an autonomous navigation method and system for inspection robots in GPS-free environments, relating to the field of robot autonomous navigation technology. The invention includes: receiving pre-collected scene visual data in a GPS-free environment; processing and analyzing the scene visual data using a V-SLAM algorithm to obtain real-time pose data of the inspection robot in the visual sensor coordinate system, providing a real-time data source for subsequent coordinate transformation; wherein the scene visual data is a sequence of binocular images collected by a visual tracking camera mounted on the inspection robot; and constructing a coordinate transformation matrix to convert the pose data in the visual sensor coordinate system obtained by the V-SLAM algorithm into pose information in the vehicle control coordinate system. This invention improves trajectory estimation accuracy through a V-SLAM method integrating visual-driven filtering, ultimately achieving high-precision, high-reliability autonomous navigation of the inspection robot in complex GPS-free environments, free from GPS dependence.

This invention discloses a multi-factor driven logical sequence generation method and apparatus, comprising: a feature input module, a multi-factor fusion module, a dynamic constraint module, a logical generation module, a reordering and evaluation module, and a feedback learning module. The method involves receiving text information from multiple sources, performing structured parsing and normalization to obtain a standardized set of text feature vectors; extracting multi-factors and constructing multi-factor constraints; generating a multi-factor driven logical sequence based on the set of multi-factor constraints; performing dynamic information updates and output constraint adjustments; generating candidate logical sequences; and designing multiple-dimensional indicators for re-evaluation. This invention significantly improves the accuracy, adaptability, and optimality of logical text sequences by addressing the problems of insufficient input information processing, lack of dynamic adaptability, and insufficient post-optimization mechanisms in the logical text sequence generation process.

The application belongs to the technical field of intelligent driving, and discloses a vehicle obstacle avoidance method and device, an electronic device and a readable storage medium. The vehicle obstacle avoidance method comprises the following steps: obtaining a target arrival direction of a vehicle to a target point; taking the target arrival direction as a direction lookup starting point, and looking up an advancing direction of the vehicle that meets an obstacle avoidance condition according to lookup radius information of the vehicle and obstacle information of the vehicle, wherein the lookup radius information comprises a vehicle position and an obstacle avoidance radius; and controlling the vehicle to move according to the advancing direction and the obstacle avoidance radius. The application aims to solve the technical problem of low efficiency of vehicle obstacle avoidance and advancing in a narrow environment.

This invention discloses a SOH estimation method based on Bayesian optimization. The method includes: acquiring a battery dataset, constructing a battery health feature matrix, initializing Bayesian optimization, multiple rounds of Bayesian optimization iteration, determining convergence conditions, and training the optimal configuration model on a full dataset. This invention belongs to the field of data processing technology, specifically referring to an SOH estimation method based on Bayesian optimization. This scheme uses a battery health feature matrix to construct a CNN+LSTM model, defines a precise objective function, and employs multiple rounds of Bayesian optimization iteration to achieve intelligent parameter search and reduce computational costs. It uses a CNN+LSTM model for dual extraction of local and long-term temporal features, covering all dimensions of battery aging features. A multi-LSTM sub-model fusion structure is used to calculate the final SOH estimation result. Bayesian optimization is used to improve the model's generalization ability, and the parameter configuration most likely to improve performance is intelligently selected based on the expected improvement value, thereby improving optimization efficiency.

The utility model discloses a more space -saving self -made inclined wedge, apply in cold stamping foundry mould field, including upper die, lower die and inclined wedge mechanism, the inclined wedge mechanism sets up between upper die and lower die, wherein the inclined wedge mechanism includes upper die fixed base, side guide plate, sliding block, sliding slot, base, dovetail block, fixed block and dovetail groove, and upper die fixed base is connected with upper die, adopts the movement and force of steel piece transmission press, after side guide plate and apron change integrative, both play the guiding effect to sliding block, limit sliding block movement direction, ensure that sliding block slides along the length direction of side guide plate, and also pass through self -structure constraint, reduce inclined wedge overall width, save installation space, and sliding block is under the action of upper die fixed base, and slides along side guide plate, realizes the stamping action of lateral, and dovetail block and dovetail groove cooperate and play the auxiliary guiding and positioning effect to sliding block, utilize the guiding accuracy of V type structure, promote the stability of sliding block movement, reduce the deviation in the sliding process of sliding block.

A mass spectrometry device (10) includes an ion generation mechanism, an ion trap mechanism (140), a detector (150), and a voltage generation circuit (180). The ion trap mechanism traps ions in an internal space surrounded by a plurality of electrodes. The detector detects ions discharged from the ion trap mechanism. The plurality of electrodes include a first electrode (141) that generates an electric field for trapping ions and a second electrode (142, 144) that generates an electric field for discharging specific ions from the ion trap mechanism in a state where ions are trapped. The voltage generation circuit includes a voltage source (181, 182), switches (SW1, SW2), and resistance circuits (RC1, RC2). The voltage of the voltage source (182) is lower than the voltage of the voltage source (181). The switches (SW1, SW2) selectively supply the voltage from the voltage sources (181, 182) to the first electrode, respectively. The resistance circuits (RC1, RC2) are connected to control terminals of the switches (SW1, SW2), respectively. The resistance values of the respective resistance circuits are variable.