The invention discloses a drought remote sensing monitoring method suitable for high altitude areas. The method comprises: S10, collecting data of a target area, S20, preprocessing the data obtained in step S10 to obtain an enhanced vegetation index, a surface temperature index, a land cover type and downscaling rainfall data, S30, calculating a vegetation state index, a temperature condition index, a rainfall state index, a reclassified land cover type and elevation by the data in step S20, and S40, constructing a drought remote sensing monitoring model based on spatial principal component analysis. The method comprehensively considers various factors affecting drought, wherein the various factors include a vegetation factor, a surface temperature factor, a rainfall factor, a land cover type factor and a topographic factor, a drought monitoring model is constructed by a spatial principal component analysis method, can effectively eliminate variables with large correlation in the selected variables and can extract few unrelated comprehensive indicators.