239 results about "Vegetation cover" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for planting lawn in saline-alkali soil and relates to the fields of the saline-alkali soil control and planting technology. The method comprises the steps of: 1, soil arrangement; 2, establishment of a drainage canal; 3, straw application; 4, sand covering on a surface; 5, selection of grass seeds; 6, planting technology; 7, fertilizer application according to formulas; and 8, cultivation management. In the method, the bare surface of the saline-alkali soil can be covered effectively in short time, the water evaporation of the ground is reduced, and the saltness of the surface soil is reduced; the saline-alkali soil can be utilized comprehensively in a large area, and the vegetation structure of the saline-alkali soil can be adjusted; and the vegetation cover area of the saline-alkali soil is enlarged, and the ecological environment is protected and improved.

The invention discloses a radar remote sensing-based detection method of soil alkalization, comprising the following steps: computing the polarization parameter based on full polarimetric SAR data, dividing bare areas and vegetation-covered areas and generating images with masks; delimiting test areas and adopting measuring data to establish a dielectric model of moist salt soil; adopting the full polarimetric SAR data to invert a complex permittivity map and carrying out RD geocoding, data information separation and conversion; based on the dielectric model and the complex permittivity, adopting the genetic algorithm for inversion to obtain moisture contents and salt contents of areas, and integrating geographic coordinate information and a vegetation cover mask map to generate a moisture content map and a salt content map; adopting the complex permittivity and the moisture contents of areas to differentiate saline soil from alkali soil. By adopting the technical proposal of the invention, the moisture content and the salt content of the soil in saline areas can be obtained, the degree of dependence on ground assistant data is reduced and simultaneously the dielectric behavior of the moist salt soil can be better depicted.

The invention discloses a method for inter-planting forage grass in orchards at a karst rock desertification region, in particular a method for inter-planting leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass below fruit trees in the orchards, wherein the mixing weight ratio of the leguminous forage grass to the gramineous forage grass is (5-7):(3-5), and the seeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/mu. According to the method, the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass are selected and sowed in a mixed way according to the characteristics of high yield and low crude protein content of the gramineous forage grass and high crude protein content of the leguminous forage grass, so that the yield and the quality of the forage grass are improved, and the palatability of the forage grass and the absorption of livestock to the nutrients of the forage grass are enhanced; by performing mixed sowing on the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass according to a weight ratio of (5-7):(3-5) under fruit trees, the coverage ratio of land vegetation of the orchards is increased and water and soil loss is greatly reduced; and meanwhile, the soil fertility of the orchards can also be increased, the environment of the orchards is improved, the productivity of land is improved, and the aims of increasing the yield of fruit trees and the yield of the forage grass are fulfilled.

The sandbag for use in constructing retaining walls having a vegetation-covered wall face. The sandbag contains soil mixed with seeds as a first fill material at one end of the bag, and the remainder of the bag is filled with a cheaper fill material such as sand or gravel. The sandbags are arranged in a sandbag wall such that the ends of the bags having the soil and seed mixture forms at least part of the outer face of the wall.

The invention discloses a method for planting Chinese tamarisk forest in littoral heavy saline-alkali land through direct cuttage. The method comprises the following steps of: A, carrying out land preparation, building bench borders; B, irrigating with saline water in winter and freezing; C, mulching film; D, preparing cutting wood; E, carrying out cuttage and planting; F, fertilizing; and G, carrying out growth period management. In the invention, through taking a series of measures such as land preparation, freezing and irrigating with the saline water in winter, melting and showering with the saline water in spring, film mulching for reducing soil and retaining water and the like, Chinese tamarisk forest can be planted in the littoral saline-alkali land by a direct cuttage method, goodeffect is realized in the same year when afforestation is carried out in high saline-alkali land, vegetation coverage rate of the high saline-alkali land is improved, ecological environment is improved, and the method disclosed by the invention has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing, in particular to a comprehensive laser-measured height echo simulation method. The method can accurately simulate an echo signal produced by an oblique or fluctuant naked ground as well as the echo signal produced by a vegetation-covered ground. On the basis, simulation experiment design can be guided through the suggested concept ofvegetation cover effective area ratio so as to deduce the effect of the changes of factors such as ground fluctuation or obliqueness, vegetation thickness, a vegetation cover effective area and the like on an echo and deeply research a method for inverting terrain and ground feature parameters from a true echo signal. Lastly, the method can also consider an echo of which the laser alignment angleis not pointing to a nadir direction, but forms a certain included angle with the nadir direction.

The invention discloses a rapid construction method of a macadamia nut early-fruiting and high-yield garden in a karst rocky desertification mountain area and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a land and carrying out soil preparation, selecting germchit, carrying out field planting on nursery stocks, carrying out tending management and shaping tree bodies. Specifically, the method comprises: selecting rock pits with the altitude of being lower than 1000m and a soil layer of being 50cm or more, and digging field planting holes; carrying out the soil preparation; selecting non-woven fabric nutrient bags grafted big seedlings as the germchit; carrying out the field planting on 3 to 5 macadamia nut varieties with relatively consistent florescence and fruit maturation period by adopting a mixed planting manner; combining water and fertilizer management and the like; topping when shoots of young plants grow to certain length every time, so as to promote the young plants to branch and culture early-fruiting and high-yield tree crowns. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the macadamia nut early-fruiting and high-yield garden is constructed in the karst rocky desertification mountain area; the garden enters an economic gain period one year ahead of a conventional grafted seedling garden; the investment period is shortened and the investment cost of constructing the garden is reduced; the recovery of vegetation covers of the karst rocky desertification mountain area can be facilitated, water and soil loss is prevented, people are led to a fortune and rocky desertification is managed.

The present invention relates to a restoration method of a degraded ecosystem in hilly areas of Funiu Mountain in Western Henan Province in the technical field of ecological restoration. The restoration method comprises the following steps of selecting appropriate tree species, shrubs and grass species, reasonably performing structure configuration, and effectively restoring the ecosystem in a short time. According to the restoration method, regional vegetation coverage rate is improved by 20-40%, water and soil erosion is reduced by more than 30%, and soil nutrient accumulation is increased by 8-10%. The forest and grass ecosystem is reasonable in structure. Through screening and optimizing, a robinetinidin & medicago sativa and quercus variabilis & medicago sativa artificial forest and grass community structure mode which is high in water and soil conservation benefit is established, economic benefit per unit field area is increased by more than 25%, nitrogen fertilizer application mount is saved by 20%, and net income of farmers is improved by more than 15%. Ecological environment and climate in the experimental areas are largely improved.

The invention relates to an integrally-cast cement pervious concrete ecological protection slope and a construction method thereof. In the invention, a protected slope becomes an integral rigid structure by carrying out in-site casting on a slope required to be protected with macropore pervious cement concrete; an ecological mixing basic layer is slightly spraying on the surface of a pervious cement concrete protecting layer; seeds germinate, grow and can penetrate through a pervious cement concrete protection slope structural layer; and long root-system plants are selected and used to ensure that a pervious cement concrete protection slope is connected with a clay layer of a slope surface substrate together by root systems of vegetation covers. Compared with the prior art, the ecological slope obtained by construction in the invention has the advantages of stable structure, excellent ventilating performance and permeable performance, simpleness and quickness in construction, strong capabilities of water conservation and soil reinforcement, favorable protection effect of the vegetation covers and the like.

The invention provides a method for quickly planting cynodon dactylon on an ecological concrete slope. The method comprises the following steps of 1 slope surface preparing; 2 lattice frame constructing, wherein multiple lattice frames adjacent to one another are poured and are all backfilled with planting matrixes, the planting matrixes are leveled, tamped and covered with first non-woven fabric; 3 ecological concrete pouring; 4 cynodon dactylon planting, wherein the stolons of cynodon dactylon are sheared into cynodon dactylon stems; 5 curing. According to the method, the cynodon dactylon which is good in stress resistance, resistant to trampling and poor soil and high in recovery capacity is adopted to serve as the planting species, the survival rate is high, and the selected cynodon dactylon is at least two years old; after twenty days, the coverage rate of the cynodon dactylon can reach 80 percent, the cynodon dactylon stems grow well, adventitious roots are grown, axillary buds on the stems begin to grow into branches on the ground, and new stolons begin to tiller; after thirty days, the vegetation coverage rate is more than 95 percent. By adopting the method, vegetation landscapes can be quickly formed, the slope ecology environment can be improved, and slope ecology protection can be achieved.

The invention discloses a remote monitoring method for soil moisture of a wheat field. A corrected thermal inertia model is W=B1*ATI+B2*EVI+B, wherein W is relative soil water content; ATI is apparent thermal inertia; B1 and B2 are coefficient items; EVI is an enhanced vegetation index; and B is a constant item. In the method, the closing actions of wheat plants on the soil background are fully considered, and an enhanced vegetation index which is sensitive to vegetation reflection in a low-vegetation covering area is introduced and is taken as a vegetation influencing factor according to a thermal inertia process during inversion of soil moisture by using EOS/MODIS (Embedded Operation System/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remote sensing data. The average inversion accuracy of a corrected thermal inertia model can be over 80 percent before ridge sealing of wheat. According to comparative analysis of the synchronous inversion result of the conventional thermal inertia model, the corrected thermal inertia model has higher inversion accuracy, and a suitable time domain is expanded by about one growth period.

The invention discloses a method for estimating vegetation covering-managing factors of soil erosion by remote sensing, which includes the following steps of 1) classifying remote-sensing images to obtain multiple types of soil and dividing the multiple types of soil into three groups according to spatial heterogeneity and the characteristics changed with time of the types of the soil; 2) acquiring the vegetation covering-managing factors of the first group and the second group of the types of the soil by means of remote-sensing classifying; 3) performing linear-spectrum mixed pixel unmixing on the remote sensing images to obtain a green-vegetation component chart, a soil component chart and a shadow/water component chart, computing to obtain the vegetation covering-managing factor of the third group of the types of the soil according to the formula C=F soil/(1+F green vegetation+F shadow); 4) integrating the vegetation covering-managing factors of the three groups of the types of the soil to obtain the vegetation covering-managing factors of soil erosion of all the soil, wherein the F soil is soil component, the F green vegetation is green vegetation component. The method for estimating vegetation covering-managing factors of soil erosion by remote sensing has the advantages of reasonable estimating results and high universality.

The invention discloses a remote-sensing-based method for estimating influences of area vegetation cover on the earth surface air temperature, and relates to a method for simulating the influences of area vegetation cover on the earth surface air temperature. The method aims at solving the problem that existing research related to the feedback of vegetation to climate can not be combined with changes of vegetation cover along with time, and includes the steps of 1, obtaining data of a cover research area, and carrying out preprocessing; 2, extracting the distribution of a certain vegetation type without land use changes within a research time period; 3, achieving anomaly processing of data of earth-surface air temperature observing lattice points; 4, obtaining OMR air temperature values of the lattice points; 5, rasterizing OMR air temperature data; 6, calculating pixel NDVI change trend values and pixel OMR air temperature change trend values; 7, extracting NDVI annual average values, the NDVI change trend values and the OMR air temperature change trend values of all pixels within the whole research time period; 8, building an OMR air temperature forecasting model. The remote-sensing-based method is applied to the field of eco-climate researching.

The invention provides a land surface temperature-vegetation index feature space dry and wet limit selecting method and device. The method includes the steps of firstly, determining the size of a research area, and performing pretreatments such as projection conversion, resampling and cutting on satellite remote sensing image data; secondly, removing image metadata influenced by cloud and terrain; thirdly, using the rest image metadata to build a land surface temperature-vegetation index two-dimensional scatter diagram feature space; fourthly, sampling the highest land surface temperature corresponding to different vegetation index conditions obtained in the third step; fifthly, linear fitting the highest land surface temperature and vegetation indexes to obtain the dry limit of the feature space through threshold setting and an iteration algorithm; presuming that the wet limit temperature is a constant and equals to the dry limit temperature at the total vegetation cover to obtain the wet limit temperature. By the arrangement, the problems that the current land surface temperature-vegetation index feature space dry and wet limit selecting is high in subjective randomness and uncertainty, and the like are solved.

The invention discloses a remote sensing retrieval method for moisture of farmland soil. The method is based on an energy-balance equation and TVDI, and provides a quantitative dry and wet edges determination method and an improved TVQI model-temperature vegetation quantitative index (TVQI). The method is characterized in that A) forming a vegetation index-ground temperature characteristic space based on a remote sensing image observation value, according to the surface energy-balance equation, obtaining a quantitative dry edge, wherein the quantitative dry edge is determined by two points of Tds and Tdv; B) obtaining the quantitative wet edge, wherein the quantitative wet edge is determined by two points of Tws and Twv; and C) according to the TVQ1 model, calculating a soil moisture estimate value. The method overcomes restriction of vegetation cover types in calculation of VI-Ts characteristic space, and remote sensing retrieval precision of soil moisture can be increased.

The present invention discloses a distributed simulation method of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss form constitution in hilly regions. The method comprises the following steps of according to related data and materials collected about meteorology, runoff, sediment, digital elevation model, soil, land use, vegetation cover, administrative divisions and social economy, processing various spatial data and attribute data via GIS (Geographic Information System) technology and making a thematic layer; then constituting an integrated simulation method which has physical mechanisms and takes dissolved and absorbed non-point source pollution loads into consideration; and quantitatively simulating temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss form. In comparison with the existing simulation method, according to the distributed simulation method of the non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss form constitution in hilly regions disclosed by the present invention, a new technical approach for non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss form simulation in loss hilly regions is provided, and a difficult problem that the dissolved and absorbed non-point source loads cannot be accurately quantified because of extensive ranges of occurrence is overcome. The method is simple and easy to apply, the estimation accuracy of the constitution ratio of non-point source loss load form is improved, and technical support can be provided for a non-point source pollution control decision.

The invention discloses a method of quickly evaluating the impact of human activities on the vegetation cover change. A long time sequence MOD13Q1 NDVI is taken as a data source. The data is analytically processed using MRT software to form an NDVI data set. The impact of human activities on the vegetation cover change is evaluated using a linear regression model, a least square trend analysis approach and a residual analysis approach. Through the method, large-scale research on the impact of human activities on the vegetation cover change can be conducted quickly, accurately and objectively based on long time sequence MOD13Q1 NDVI data and meteorological data. The potential of remote sensing satellite data and meteorological data in the large-scale evaluation of the impact on the ecological environmental is fully exploited.

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and provides a novel planting method for revegetation in heavy metal contaminated places. The method is particularly suitable for revegetation in heavy metal contaminated soil which is obviously toxic for plant growth. Heavy metal in high-concentration heavy metal contaminated soil is quite toxic for plants, therefore the plants grow slowly or cannot survive, however, a large-scale earth covering technique requires for a large amount externally-aided covering soil and high project operation cost. According to the technique, a transplanting method of a root bag with soil is adopted, a small amount of non-contaminated soil is placed inside the root bag, a mycorrhiza plant is grown in the root bag, the root bag containing the soil and the plant is transplanted to the contaminated soil, therefore biomass and viability of the plant can be improved remarkably, the effects on absorbing and fixing soil heavy mental can be improved simultaneously, and the technique is particularly suitable for vegetation cover in high-concentration heavy metal contaminated soil which is obviously toxic for the plants.

The present application provides a system and method for estimating urban vegetation coverage based on low-altitude remote sensing techniques. The system includes: S1, determining a range of an area to be estimated on a three-dimensional map displayed by the system; S2, determining the coordinates, altitudes and flight trajectories of the command executed by the unmanned aerial vehicle; S3, proofreading that position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, execute a shooting command, and uploading a shooting image; S4, performing image mosaic to obtain a complete orthophoto image of an area to be estimated; S5, extracting vegetation information from the photographed image, and constructing a vegetation index model; S6, the improved entropy threshold method being adopted to calculate the thresholdvalue; S7, calculating that vegetation coverage rate by using a threshold; S8 using the vegetation coverage rate to determine the vegetation coverage level. By improving the estimation process, the present application effectively improves the estimation accuracy and efficiency of urban vegetation cover while simplifying the operation process.

The invention relates to a real time monitoring method of soil humidity. The method comprises the following steps: remote sensing image data of a researched region is obtained; after radiation correction and atmospheric correction, real surface reflectance data of red light and near infrared wave band in the researched region is obtained; red light and near infrared wave band reflectivity is substituted into a calculating formula of NDVI, in order to obtain a research region NDVI image map; NDVImax and NDVImin are practically determined according to the researched region, the obtained NDVImax and NDVImin are substituted into a calculating formula of a vegetation coverage fv, and a fv image map of the researched region is obtained; red light and near infrared wave band reflectivity as well as fv are substituted into correction type soil humidity monitoring index MSMMI calculating formula, in order to obtain MSMMI image map of the researched region; soil humidity status of the researched region is quantitatively analyzed according to MSMMI value size. The method is suitable for researching soil humidity space-time distribution characteristics and rules in the condition of vegetation cover, and improves the case that influence of vegetation cover on soil humidity monitoring index SMMI during monitoring of soil humidity is not considered.