150 results about "Fruit maturation" patented technology

The invention discloses a trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim fruit maturity detecting and picking device based on machine vision, and relates to the technical field of agricultural picking, the trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim fruit maturity detecting and picking device comprises a support, a rotating seat is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the support, a multi-axis mechanical arm is fixedly arranged at the top end of the rotating seat, and a vine cutting box is fixedly arranged at one end of the multi-axis mechanical arm; the device comprises a vine shearing box, scissors are arranged in the vine shearing box, a picking basket is arranged below the scissors, two rotating rods are symmetrically and rotationally arranged on the two sides of the picking basket, an arc-shaped plate is fixedly arranged between the two corresponding rotating rods, gears are fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the rotating rods, and an adjusting assembly for adjusting the rotating rods is arranged between the two gears. The snakegourd fruit picking device has the beneficial effects that snakegourd fruits can be rapidly and accurately placed in the collecting frame, efficient and smooth transfer from picking to collecting of the snakegourd fruits is achieved, the overall picking progress is remarkably accelerated, the time cost is greatly saved, and the picking efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a block chain-based grapefruit planting management method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting environment data through a multi-source sensor disposed in a planting region, collecting grapefruit plant growth image data through an unmanned plane, encrypting and uploading the data to a block chain for storage; extracting features of the image by using a convolutional neural network model, and dividing grapefruit growth stages; calling an Apriori algorithm to mine association rules according to the growth stage to establish an experience library; calculating the deviation degree between the grapefruit growth state indexes and the rules in the experience library according to the real-time data, and determining a compensation scheme; the intelligent contract receives the compensation scheme to trigger equipment to execute planting operation and record information; and after the fruits are ripe, performing quantitative grading on the grapefruit fruits, and generating a quality coefficient and a block chain traceability two-dimensional code. According to the invention, intelligence and traceability of grapefruit planting can be realized, and linkage of staged accurate regulation and control and quality grading and traceability is realized, so that the utilization efficiency of planting resources is improved, the quality safety of products is ensured, and the credibility of consumers is enhanced.

The invention discloses an orchard crawler differential robot trajectory tracking method based on adaptive incremental control, and relates to the technical field of agricultural robot control. The method comprises the following steps: receiving environmental data collected by a robot sensor, constructing a probability grid map of an orchard environment according to the environmental data, and aligning the probability grid map with a pre-constructed map inertial coordinate system; the course angle error and the distance error between the current position and a target point are calculated based on the pose of the robot, an error vector is formed, and the target point is dynamically planned according to the fruit maturity and reachability priority detected by a visual system and a laser radar point cloud. According to the method, coordinate transformation is not needed, and different from traditional tracking control, a control instruction is generated directly based on pose increment, the course and distance error of a target point is calculated directly based on an inertial coordinate system, and real-time matrix projection operation is avoided.

The invention discloses application of PpSAMS protein and related biological materials thereof in regulating and controlling ripening and softening of plant fruits. According to the invention, overexpression of the PpSAMS gene in tomato shows that the overexpression of the PpSAMS gene can promote maturation of tomato fruits; the overexpression of the PpSAMS gene in the apple callus shows that the overexpression of the PpSAMS gene can up-regulate the activity of cell wall modification related enzymes of the apple callus, regulate the expression level of cell wall metabolism related genes and promote the depolymerization of cell wall pectin and the hydrolysis of cellulose; the overexpression of the PpSAMS gene in the peach fruit discovers that the overexpression of the PpSAMS gene is unfavorable for maintaining the storage quality of the peach fruit during the normal-temperature / low-temperature storage period after the peach fruit is picked, but the silent PpSAMS gene is contrary to the normal-temperature / low-temperature storage period after the peach fruit is picked. The results show that the PpSAMS protein can regulate and control the ripening and softening of the plant fruits, and a foundation is laid for the research of improving the storage quality of the plant fruits.

The invention discloses an application of a transcription factor CaNAC2 in regulation and control of pepper fruit maturity. The invention relates to the technical field of plant genetic engineering, and provides any one of the following applications of CaNAC2 protein: regulating and controlling ripening of plant fruits; the carotenoid content in the plant fruits is regulated and controlled; the CaNAC2 protein is a protein of which the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1. A target fragment of the CaNAC2 gene is amplified in the pepper, a VIGS vector is constructed, and it is found that inhibition of expression of the CaNAC2 gene can regulate the content of carotenoid in pepper fruits and delay fruit maturity, so that the shelf life of the pepper is prolonged. Therefore, the CaNAC2 gene plays an important role in metabolism of capsicum carotenoid, and has important significance on appearance and market value of fruits.

The invention relates to a watermelon sweetening cultivation method. The watermelon sweetening cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1, applying a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and a potassium-magnesium compound fertilizer which are uniformly mixed into soil as a base fertilizer before planting; s2, atomizing and spraying sweeteners to leaf surfaces and flowers of the watermelons in flowering and fruit setting periods; s3, a sweetener is sprayed to leaf surfaces from a watermelon fruit swelling period to a watermelon fruit maturation period, a nursing blender is sprayed to the surfaces of the watermelon fruits, and a nursing blender is sprayed to the surfaces of the watermelon fruits; the nursing blender is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 to 16 parts of beewax, 2 to 7 parts of porous calcium particles, 1 to 3 parts of seaweed extract, 0.5 to 3 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of glycerol, 0.8 to 1.5 parts of span-80 and 70 to 90 parts of distilled water. The problem of how to reduce the poor sweetness from the center of the watermelon to the surface layer of the watermelon can be solved, the overall sweetness of the watermelon can be improved, and the watermelon explosion rate can be reduced.

The FaCP5L1 and FaCP5L3 genes and application thereof in regulating fruit ripening and postharvest quality belong to the field of agricultural biological genetic engineering technology. It is found for the first time that the cruciferin coding genes FaCP5L1 and FaCP5L3 can directly participate in the regulation of strawberry ripening and postharvest quality, including but not limited to the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) content, ripening process, soluble solid content, hardness, color, anthocyanin content. The expression of FaCP5L1 and FaCP5L3 can promote the ripening of strawberry fruit and the formation of postharvest quality; the expression reduction can slow down the ripening of strawberry fruit and the formation of postharvest quality. Accordingly, the ripening of strawberry fruit and the postharvest quality traits can be regulated by reasonably utilizing the genes, and the ripening and postharvest quality related breeding can be guided. The present application provides a theoretical basis and technical support for regulating the ripening of strawberry fruit and the postharvest quality traits by using genetic engineering technology, and has important application value.

The invention discloses an olive fruit maturity detection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: firstly constructing a first standard model and a second standard model, then obtaining a comparison image and an actual hardness calculation parameter of a to-be-detected olive fruit, and calculating a color degree score of the olive fruit according to the comparison image and the first standard model, calculating a hardness score according to the actual hardness calculation parameter and a second standard model, and judging the maturity of the olive fruits according to the color score and the hardness score; olea europaea fruits correspond to different color changes and different hardness changes in different ripening stages, the surface layer changes of the fruits are reflected through the color changes, the internal changes of the fruits are reflected through the hardness of the fruits, the fruits are evaluated at the same time from the inside and the outside, and the evaluation accuracy is improved. Misjudgment caused by premature color change or abnormal change of the fruits can be effectively avoided, and the accuracy of maturity detection is improved; the determination of the fruit maturity can be standardized, and the dependence of the determination of the fruit maturity on manpower is reduced.

The invention provides an MaHDAC3 gene and application thereof in regulating and controlling fruit maturity, and belongs to the technical field of gene engineering. The nucleotide sequence of the MaHDAC3 gene is as shown in SEQ ID NO.1. The banana fruit MaHDAC3 gene is silenced by using a VIGS technology, and the result shows that the hardness, soluble sugar, ROS content and other fruit ripening and softening related physiological indexes of the fruit with the silenced banana MaHDAC3 gene are significantly changed, which indicates that the MaHDAC3 gene is a key gene influencing the ripening and softening of the sweet banana fruit, and the gene has a significant effect on the ripening and softening of the sweet banana fruit. The method can be applied to control of maturation or softening of banana fruits and cultivation of new banana varieties.

This invention relates to an optimized method for single-fruit harvesting in orchards based on multimodal data fusion. It involves simultaneously acquiring image information of the fruit, local environmental data, and tree physiological indicators using multimodal sensors, and preprocessing these data. Taking into account the heterogeneous nature of different modalities, independent feature extraction networks are used to obtain deep features for each modality, constructing a heterogeneous modal deep fusion network. A cross-domain attention mechanism dynamically integrates these features, effectively capturing the complex correlations affecting fruit maturity and generating fused features. Based on these features, the model can predict the real-time maturity of individual fruits. Combining external conditions, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to calculate the harvesting priority score for each fruit, generating an executable harvesting sequence to guide robots or manual harvesting in an orderly manner. This invention significantly improves the accuracy of maturity prediction and the overall efficiency of harvesting operations, providing effective support for refined management and intelligent operation in orchards.

The invention provides application of FveABI4 in regulating and controlling the size of forest strawberry fruits, and belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering. Researches find that overexpression of FveABI4 can increase the size of fruits, promote the ripening process of the fruits, improve accumulation of soluble sugar in the fruits and reduce the content of citric acid in the fruits; and the reverse effect can be achieved by knocking down or knocking out the FveABI4. Therefore, the fruit size is regulated and controlled by intervening the expression of the FveABI4, and the ripening process and the sugar acidity of the fruits can be controlled at the same time, so that the problems that the inherent fruits of the forest strawberries are small and the separation of excellent characters of traditional breeding is serious can be ideally solved, and the application potential of the forest strawberries in the aspects of edible characters, processing characters, ornamental characters and the like is fully released.

The invention relates to the technical field of plant molecular biology, in particular to an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) molecular marker related to a pitted surface of pepper and application. The SNP molecular marker can stably and accurately distinguish pitted surface (G / G), smooth surface (C / C) and heterozygous (G / C) genotypes of capsicum fruits, the marker typing and phenotype consistency is high, the accuracy rate reaches 90% or above, and the SNP molecular marker is remarkably superior to an existing phenotype-dependent observation method. Moreover, the SNP molecular marker can be used for identifying the pitted surface character of the fruit in the early stage of the plant, so that character judgment after fruit ripening is avoided, the breeding period can be effectively shortened, and the breeding efficiency can be improved. The SNP molecular marker can be directly applied to molecular breeding of pepper pitted surface characters, can provide reliable technical support for breeding of high-quality varieties, and has high practical value and popularization and application prospects.

The application discloses a kind of stachys seed direct sowing cultivation methods, belong to stachys cultivation technical field, the cultivation method is as follows: (1) selection: when fruit ripens, seed is collected, removes fruit pod, and seed and oil body are separated and collected for future use;(2) seed pretreatment: the stachys seed collected is pretreated to obtain germinated seed;(3) planting site treatment: after the mixed fertilizer is evenly applied to the surface of planting site, it is watered, penetrates 8-12 days, and is ploughed after overall and is ridged;(4) sowing: germinated seed is sown in the treated planting site by direct sowing method.The application adopts the method of direct sowing cultivation, avoids the damage to seedling caused by transplanting process when stachys is planted, solves the problem of low germination rate of stachys seed by sowing after treating stachys seed, and improves the yield and quality of stachys.

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant molecular breeding, and particularly relates to a molecular marker probe combination for auxiliary selection of characters in an apple fruit maturation period and application of the molecular marker probe combination. The probe combination comprises eight probes for auxiliary selection of characters in the mature period of the apple fruits; the nucleotide sequences of the eight probes for auxiliary selection of the characters of the apple fruits in the mature period are sequentially shown as SEQ ID NO.9 to SEQ ID NO.16. The DNA probe combination corresponding to the SNP marker combination provided by the invention can be applied to molecular marker-assisted selection of mature characters of apples in the seedling stage of apple filial generations.

The present application provides a kind of planting method of reducing allelochemicals and improving polysaccharide content of Rhizoma Polygonati, belongs to plant cultivation technical field.The planting method is planted in acidic sandy loam soil, and "biochar C" is applied to the soil 1-2 times in September-October of the second and third years, and the fruits mature, the stems are laid down after the third year, and then it can be harvested."Biochar C" is a modified, loaded with salicylic acid and UDP-D-galactose biochar.The present application not only helps to improve the physicochemical properties and bacterial community diversity of Rhizoma Polygonati planting soil, thereby reducing the allelochemicals content of Rhizoma Polygonati rhizome, but also can improve the polysaccharide content of rhizome, which helps to improve the quality of Rhizoma Polygonati and enhance its efficacy.

The invention discloses a method for advancing the fruit maturation period of snowflake pears, and relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting. According to the method, 15 days before fruit harvesting, a fruit ripening promoting agent is sprayed to fruit trees; the fruit maturation promoting agent is any one of 200 [mu] mol / L melatonin, 100 [mu] mol / L jasmonic acid or a mixture of 200 [mu] mol / L melatonin and 100 [mu] mol / L jasmonic acid. According to the method, the arbutin content and the soluble solid content in the early-harvested snowflake pear fruits can be increased, the hardness and the titratable acid content are reduced, and the change of the indexes is synthesized to powerfully prove that the snowflake pears are matured in advance.

The invention discloses a loquat heat preservation greenhouse with a shading structure. The loquat heat preservation greenhouse with the shading structure can improve heat preservation performance and temperature uniformity. The device comprises an inner light-transmitting film bracket, wherein the inner light-transmitting film bracket is connected with a side light-transmitting film; the outer sunshade net bracket is detachably connected with a side outer sunshade net; the top light-transmitting film support is connected with the upper top of the inner light-transmitting film support, and the top light-transmitting film support is connected with a light-transmitting film cover; the top sunshade net bracket is detachably connected with a sunshade net cover; the inner heat preservation assembly is provided with a heat preservation curtain piece and an inner conveying pipe fitting, and the inner conveying pipe fitting is connected with the top light-transmitting film support. The greenhouse has the advantages that the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation greenhouse is enhanced through the shading structure; the growth speed of the loquats is accelerated; the fruit maturity is improved; soluble solids and quality of the fruits are improved; the temperature stability and uniformity in the greenhouse are improved, and the labor input of the production environment is saved.

The present application belongs to the technical field of intelligent agriculture, and discloses a monitoring method for a fruit bottom colorizing and light reflecting film, comprising the following steps: S1, forming a grid map for an orchard; S2, collecting fruit bottom images to obtain array type multi-angle image data; S3, performing edge processing on the image data to form fruit images; S4, performing fruit surface color analysis on the fruit images to form color feature data; S5, performing edge and dispersion analysis on dark color patches in the color analysis process to form lesion feature data; S6, inputting the color feature data and the lesion feature data of S4 and S5 into a preset fruit maturity and lesion grade library to obtain preliminary maturity and sunscald grades; S7, performing feature weighting judgment to output maturity grades and / or sunscald lesion probabilities; S8, if the lesion probability is greater than a preset threshold, automatically recording a collection time stamp, a lesion probability value, an image slice and a map location, and triggering an early warning of adjusting the light reflecting film to weaken the radiant light; if the lesion probability is less than or equal to the preset threshold, normally recording data.

Described herein are formulations and methods for enhancing one or more characteristics of a fruit and / or reducing one or more negative effects of an ethylene inhibitor on a plant or component thereof, such as a fruit plant or fruit produced therefrom.

The application discloses a functional gene PaSPL8 for regulating apricot fruit ripening, and the nucleotide sequence of the PaSPL8 gene is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1. The functional gene PaSPL8 for regulating apricot fruit ripening is used for regulating apricot or tomato fruit ripening, and the fruit ripening is delayed by increasing the expression amount of the PaSPL8 gene; or the functional gene PaSPL8 for regulating apricot fruit ripening is used for regulating the content of abscisic acid in plant tissues. The application verifies that the PaSPL8 gene regulates the ripening of apricot fruits by regulating the content of ABA in apricots, and therefore, the PaSPL8 gene can be used for apricot breeding.

The invention discloses a chitosan / lysozyme amyloid protein fiber composite microneedle based on ethephon controlled release and application of the composite microneedle in on-demand ripening acceleration of harvested fruits, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product after-harvest treatment. The composite microneedle is composed of chitosan, lysozyme amyloid protein fibers and ethephon, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the lysozyme amyloid protein fibers is 5: 5, and the ethephon loading capacity is that 131.13 [mu] L of a 40% ethephon solution is added to every 17.5 mL of a 1% chitosan solution. The microneedle can be inserted into the epidermis of picked fruits to realize on-demand slow release of ethephon and promote ripening of the fruits, meanwhile, the lysozyme amyloid protein fiber provides an antibacterial effect, the aging process of the fruits after ripening is effectively delayed, the infection rate of colletotrichum gloeosporioides is reduced, and the ethephon residue in the fruits is remarkably lower than the national limited standard. The method solves the problems of non-uniform fruit ripening, excessive softening and potential toxicity caused by a traditional ethephon ripening method, and realizes integration of batch on-demand ripening and preservation of picked fruits.

The invention discloses a method for improving fatty acid components and increasing linoleic acid content of field muskmelon seeds by melatonin application, and relates to the technical field of agricultural science, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing melatonin solutions of 0, 50, 100 and 200 [mu] mol / L; 7 days and 14 days after field muskmelon pollination, field muskmelon fruits are soaked in the melatonin solution at nightfall, and the fruits are wrapped with tin foil paper; measuring fatty acid components and content of the field muskmelon seeds in a mature period; carrying out fatty acid component comparative analysis on the field muskmelon seeds soaked in clear water; according to the method, the field muskmelon seed fatty acid component and the corresponding melatonin treatment concentration which are remarkably changed are screened out, and the experimental result shows that after exogenous melatonin treatment, the field muskmelon seed fatty acid component can be changed, the content of linoleic acid is increased, and the quality of the seed oil is improved.

The invention discloses a fruit ripening detection method and electronic equipment, and the fruit ripening detection method comprises the steps: determining the first ripening degree of a to-be-detected fruit according to the volatile gas concentration of the to-be-detected fruit; determining the second maturity of the to-be-detected fruit according to the visual features of the to-be-detected fruit; determining a third maturity degree of the to-be-detected fruit according to the fruit volume of the to-be-detected fruit; and according to the first maturity, the second maturity and the third maturity, determining whether the to-be-detected fruit is mature. According to the method, the fruit ripening detection of the to-be-detected fruit is rapidly carried out based on the volatile gas concentration, the visual characteristics and the fruit volume of the to-be-detected fruit, and the detection efficiency and the detection accuracy of the fruit ripening detection of the to-be-detected fruit are improved.

This invention belongs to the field of agricultural and forestry plant cultivation technology. More specifically, it relates to a method for cultivating blueberries with selenium enrichment. The specific cultivation steps of this invention include: substrate selection: selecting a cultivation substrate or soil with a selenium content ≥0.2mg / kg; blueberry variety selection: selecting blueberry varieties such as Brilliant, with a flowering period of ≥50 days from the start of flowering to fruit ripening; planting the blueberry plants in the cultivation substrate or soil, and fortifying the blueberry plants with rhizosphere selenium nutrition or foliar selenium nutrition; the rhizosphere selenium nutrition fortification includes: applying the first selenium fertilizer in furrows 15-30 days before flower bud emergence; the foliar selenium nutrition fortification includes: spraying the second selenium fertilizer 5-10 days before or after fruit enlargement.

This invention discloses the application of the tomato SlPIF8b gene in regulating tomato fruit coloring and ripening, relating to the fields of genetic engineering and molecular biology. The tomato SlPIF8b gene has the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. This application utilizes gene editing technology to knock out the SlPIF8b gene in tomatoes, which promotes the accumulation of lycopene and carotenoids in the tomato fruit, accelerates fruit coloring, and simultaneously promotes ethylene accumulation and softening, thus accelerating fruit ripening. This provides new germplasm resources for breeding new tomato varieties that promote fruit coloring and ripening, and has good potential application value. It also provides important theoretical basis and technical support for studying the molecular mechanisms of tomato ripening and improving the quality and nutritional value of tomato fruits.

This invention utilizes tomato gene tissue expression screening to obtain genes that are induced to be expressed during the ripening period of tomato fruits. PS ( Solyc10g084600 The gene encodes a protein containing a plant-specific TIGR01589 conserved domain of 57 amino acids. Furthermore, overexpression and gene editing technologies were used to... PS Overexpression and knockout of the gene coding region were performed, and genotypic and phenotypic identification were conducted on the overexpressed and mutant materials. Finally, it was determined that the gene has the biological function of negatively regulating chlorophyll accumulation and fruit ripening, and can be used for the breeding of tomato varieties with different ripening periods.

The invention belongs to the field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the germination rate of papaya seeds and cultivating high-quality seedlings. Comprising the following steps: (1) seed selection: harvesting seeds on amphoteric plants when fruits are mature, taking out the seeds, removing aril, cleaning with clear water, airing, and selecting full seeds; (2) seed pretreatment; (3) peeling off testa; and (4) sowing the treated seeds in a seedling raising tray, and raising seedlings according to a conventional seedling cultivation method. According to the method, the germination rate of the papaya seeds is increased to 98.5% for the first time, the seedling time is shortened, germination and seedling emergence are neat, seedlings are thick and strong, root systems are developed, and the seedling quality is high. The method solves the problem of low germination rate or long germination time of papaya under conventional conditions, is an improvement of a papaya seedling culture key technology, and provides a simple and practical method for mass propagation of papaya seedlings. The method has the advantages of being simple in treatment process, low in cost, easy to operate and the like.

The invention provides a grass checkered sand barrier with a seed bank and a planting method and application of the grass checkered sand barrier, and belongs to the technical field of environmental governance. The planting method of the grass checkered sand-protecting barrier comprises the following steps: mixing and weaving the overground part of a drought-resistant and barren-resistant grass shrub perennial plant, a xerophyte cuttage plant branch and rice straw straws into a grass-protecting barrier, and planting the grass checkered sand-protecting barrier; the drought-tolerant and barren-tolerant grass shrub perennial plants are selected from at least two of ladywood, lespedeza floriflora, lespedeza tenuifolia and leymus chinensis at the upper part of a mowing field in a fruit maturation period; the xerophyte cutting plant is selected from one or more of yellow willow, salix psammophila and tamarix chinensis. In the grass checkered sand barrier, the rice straw plays a role in protection, the cutting branches have a cutting survival function, seeds carried by perennial plants can germinate and grow plants in good time under the shielding of the grass checkered sand barrier, vegetation in sand or desert areas can be recovered, the vegetation coverage and density are improved, and the survival rate of the perennial plants is increased. The vegetation coverage can be improved by more than 30% compared with that of an exposed plot after planting for 2 years.

The invention provides an MaSBP17 gene and application thereof in regulating and controlling fruit maturity, and belongs to the technical field of gene engineering. The nucleotide sequence of the MaSBP17 gene is shown as SEQ ID NO: 1 in a sequence table. According to the invention, an SBP transcription factor family in a banana genome is comprehensively and systematically analyzed, a member MaSBP17 with significant expression change in a fruit ripening process is found, and the function of the MaSBP17 is verified by using a virus-induced gene silencing technology. The invention provides an important theoretical basis and a potential molecular target for targeted regulation and control of a banana fruit ripening process, delaying of softening and aging and development of a novel postharvest preservation strategy based on key transcription factors, and has remarkable scientific value and application prospect.

The invention discloses application of a transcription factor CaABF3 in regulation and control of pepper fruit maturity. The invention relates to the technical field of plant genetic engineering, and provides any one of the following applications of CaABF3 protein: regulating and controlling ripening of plant fruits; the content of carotenoid in the plant fruits is regulated and controlled; the content of abscisic acid in the plants is regulated and controlled; the CaABF3 protein is a protein of which the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1. A target fragment of the CaABF3 gene is amplified in pepper, a VIGS vector is constructed, and it is found that accumulation of carotenoids in pepper fruits can be reduced and fruit ripening can be delayed by inhibiting expression of the CaABF3 gene, so that the shelf life of the pepper is prolonged. Therefore, the CaABF3 gene plays an important role in metabolism of capsicum carotenoid, and has important significance on appearance and market value of fruits.