67 results about "Karst rocky desertification" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for inter-planting forage grass in orchards at a karst rock desertification region, in particular a method for inter-planting leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass below fruit trees in the orchards, wherein the mixing weight ratio of the leguminous forage grass to the gramineous forage grass is (5-7):(3-5), and the seeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/mu. According to the method, the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass are selected and sowed in a mixed way according to the characteristics of high yield and low crude protein content of the gramineous forage grass and high crude protein content of the leguminous forage grass, so that the yield and the quality of the forage grass are improved, and the palatability of the forage grass and the absorption of livestock to the nutrients of the forage grass are enhanced; by performing mixed sowing on the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass according to a weight ratio of (5-7):(3-5) under fruit trees, the coverage ratio of land vegetation of the orchards is increased and water and soil loss is greatly reduced; and meanwhile, the soil fertility of the orchards can also be increased, the environment of the orchards is improved, the productivity of land is improved, and the aims of increasing the yield of fruit trees and the yield of the forage grass are fulfilled.

The invention discloses a rapid construction method of a macadamia nut early-fruiting and high-yield garden in a karst rocky desertification mountain area and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a land and carrying out soil preparation, selecting germchit, carrying out field planting on nursery stocks, carrying out tending management and shaping tree bodies. Specifically, the method comprises: selecting rock pits with the altitude of being lower than 1000m and a soil layer of being 50cm or more, and digging field planting holes; carrying out the soil preparation; selecting non-woven fabric nutrient bags grafted big seedlings as the germchit; carrying out the field planting on 3 to 5 macadamia nut varieties with relatively consistent florescence and fruit maturation period by adopting a mixed planting manner; combining water and fertilizer management and the like; topping when shoots of young plants grow to certain length every time, so as to promote the young plants to branch and culture early-fruiting and high-yield tree crowns. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the macadamia nut early-fruiting and high-yield garden is constructed in the karst rocky desertification mountain area; the garden enters an economic gain period one year ahead of a conventional grafted seedling garden; the investment period is shortened and the investment cost of constructing the garden is reduced; the recovery of vegetation covers of the karst rocky desertification mountain area can be facilitated, water and soil loss is prevented, people are led to a fortune and rocky desertification is managed.

The invention discloses a method for improving soil and conserving soil and water in Karst rocky desertification areas, In the method, turf in humic acid soil at the foot of Karst mountains and Guizhou upland swamps as a soil nutrient and acidity improver, cultivated land clay of slope of Karst mountains as a soil fixing agent and little amount of artificially synthesized carboxymethylcellulose-polyacrylic resin as a soil and water conservation agent are applied to desertification Karst soil according to actual condition of soil in hoodoos and hills of desertification Karst uplands and demands for recovering the vegetation so as to achieve the purpose of improving the soil, reducing the loss of soil and water, increasing the water conservation capacity of the soil and improving the adaptability of the soil for the growth of plants and promoting the rapid recovery of plants.

The invention provides a karst rocky desertification information extraction method which comprises the following steps: (1) data preparation: a lithological map, a land utilization graph and a rocky desertification spatial distribution map of the corresponding period; (2) screening of a region: screening a region where rocky desertification possibly occurs from a research region; (3) calculation of a factor spatial distribution map: calculating vegetation coverage, surface reflectance and land surface temperature; (4) calculation of a contribution rate of a factor; (5) fitting of a KRDIM (Karst Rocky Desertification Index Modle); and (6) rocky desertification grading. According to the karst rocky desertification information extraction method, a geographical detector model is used for calculating contribute rates of all factors to rocky desertification characterization, so that a quantitative evaluation index model capable of monitoring interpretations is built; and therefore, precise and efficient extraction of karst rocky desertification information can be realized.

The invention discloses a method for planting forest, shrub and herbaceous plant vegetation in a karst rocky desertification region. The method comprises the steps that 1, according to the change conditions of the community type, structure, composition and species characteristics of the karst rocky desertification region, a natural succession stage of the vegetation in the karst region is determined; 2, seed selection is carried out according to geology and soil conditions of the karst rocky desertification region; 3, plant combination matching is carried out by taking plant functional groupsas units; 4, according to geomorphological structure features of peak cluster depression of the karst rocky desertification region, ecological restoration and industrial development are comprehensively considered, and a three-dimensional matching mode of mountain space is established; 5, after matching, the forest, shrub and herbaceous plant vegetation is planted. The technical problems that an ecological system in the karst rocky desertification region degrades, the biological diversity is greatly reduced, and the water and soil loss is gradually intensified are solved.

The invention discloses a method for planting hedgerows in karst areas. For the surface part, a hedgerow belt with a certain width is planted on a slope, vines are planted at the lower end of the hedgerow belt, and shrubs and small trees are planted at the upper end of the hedgerow belt; Plant hedgerows of a certain width on the edge of the terraced ridge, plant upward-growing vines below the ridge, and plant small trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants on the edge of the ridge above the ridge; for the part above the ground, it is required to trim the hedgerow regularly, Control the height and width of the hedgerows; for the underground part, it is necessary to select plant types with well-developed root systems and fast growth to form a stable root system, which is conducive to stabilizing the soil. The invention provides a new method for water and soil loss control of hedgerows in the karst rocky desertification area, which is beneficial to the control of water and soil loss, the protection of planting land, the improvement of the environment and the increase of biological diversity in the karst rocky desertification area.

The invention provides an integrated cement-casting slow-filtering basin. The integrated cement-casting slow-filtering basin comprises a basin body, a partition plate and a filter layer, wherein the partition plate is horizontally arranged in the basin body, water filter holes are formed in the partition plate, the filter layer is arranged on the partition plate, a water outlet pipe penetrating through the basin body is arranged on the side wall of the basin body under the partition plate, a water inlet pipe is introduced into the basin body above the partition plate, the side wall of the basin body is formed by reinforced cement concrete through pouring, the side wall of the basin body under the partition plate is 9-11cm in thickness, the thickness of the side wall of the basin body above the partition plate is 6-8cm, the filter layer is sequentially composed of a zeolite/quartz stone layer, a coarse sand layer, a first fine sand layer, an activated carbon layer and a second fine sand layer from bottom to top, and gauzes are paved between the partition plate and the filter layer as well as among all filtering layers in the filter layer. The integrated cement-casting slow-filtering basin solves the problems that the karst rocky desertification region has special geological environment and poor water quality, the water cannot be easily purified in a centralized manner due to scattered settlements, the educational status is generally low and the high-technology water quality purification technology is not suitable for the karst rocky desertification region. The integrated cement-casting slow-filtering basin belongs to the field of Karst region water quality purification.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and discloses a karst rocky desertification area forest-grass intercropping method. A terrace-shaped dry land formed in a slope-to-terrace mode is used for planting a local variety of Chinese prickly ash according to procedures, leguminous plants, namely calabar beans, are intercropped in the early stage of planting, and the calabar bean plants harvested at proper time are chopped to serve as green manure which is buried into soil along ditches dug around tree crowns; the Chinese prickly ash which is three years old or older is intercropped with sweet grass, special cattle and sheep breeding is developed, and karst rocky desertification valley region slope-to-terrace forest-grass intercropping is completed. The calabar beans have the nitrogen fixation function, can improve the soil, are high in closing speed and can conserve water and soil; the characteristics that the sweet grass is rich in foliage, high in grass yield, high in forage quality and long in service life are used, the sweet grass can be harvested and used many times in a year, the virtuous cycle taking both social benefits and ecological benefits into consideration is achieved, and the karst rocky desertification valley region slope-to-terrace forest-grass intercropping process is completed. The method can effectively increase the soil water content in the ecological benefit aspect, improves the soil fertility and reduces the water and soil loss.

The invention discloses a method for ecologically treating southern stony desertification by combined cultivation of grapes and wild honeysuckle flowers. The method comprises the steps of 1, land selection and preparation are carried out; (2) frame erection is carried out; (3) planting ditches or planting holes are ploughed in the ground where the vertical projection of a frame built by stand columns, buses and vine bearing lines is located according to the same horizontal contour line, and ploughing preparation for planting is completed 30-60 days before field planting; (4) two kinds of cropsare planted in each hole, wherein one crop is the grapes, the other crop is the wild honeysuckle flowers, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; and (5) trimming of the grapes and the wild honeysuckle flowers in a young tree stage and a production stage, soil, fertilizer and water management and disease and insect pest prevention are operated according to simplified cultivation management requirements.By means of the method, the utilization rate of illumination, water and fertilizer, time and space of artificially cultivated crops in a southern karst rocky desertification area is remarkably increased; and the exposed stony desertification area is covered with green plants all the year round, an ecological system can be reconstructed on the stony desertification unit area in a karst region, andmore economic products can be produced.

The invention discloses a method for cultivating chayote in Karst rocky desertification mountainous regions. The method is characterized in that 'green-skin' chayote varieties are cultivated by the aid of the method, and the method includes steps of growing seedlings; planting the seedlings in fields; pruning and shaping the seedlings; managing fertilizers and water; managing the fields; preventing and treating diseases and insect pests. The method has the advantages that the Karst rocky desertification mountainous regions can be effectively prevented from being continuously expanded, and water retaining, soil moisture conserving and water and soil loss reducing effects can be realized for soil in the Karst rocky desertification mountainous regions; the 'green-skin' chayote varieties are popularized and planted in the Karst rocky desertification mountainous regions for the first time, the planted chayote is high in quality and yield and has huge economic and social benefits, and the like.

The invention relates to a method for cultivating macadimia nuts on karst rock-desertification mountain land. The method comprises the steps of variety breeding, soil preparation, seedling culture and grafting, planting, pruning, water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control. Disease and pest control is conducted in the way of adopting an agentia obtained by mixing thiophanate methyl with probenazole for spray control, the mass ratio of thiophanate methyl to probenazole in the agentia is (5-8):1, and the mass percentage of thiophanate methyl and probenazole in the agentia is 60-70%. The agentia is diluted by 500-800 times to be sprayed onto the earth surface and branches, leaves and fruits of macadimia nuts once every other 10-15 days. By using macadimia nuts as pioneer tree species to achieve barren mountain afforestation, wind prevention and soil fixation, the ecological environment of karst rock-desertification mountain land can be recovered, and income of local farmers can be increased.

The invention relates to a cultivation method of plum in Karst rock-desertification areas. The varieties of the cultivated plum are 'Nanhua plum', 'Sanhua plum' and 'Shuanghua plum'. The cultivation method includes the steps of land preparation, field planting, fertilizer and water management, pruning, field management and pest control. The cultivated plum trees are strong in tree vigor, hard in branches, long in life and high in fruiting rate, the plum fruit has rich nutritional value, contains sugar, microprotein, fat, carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and C, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, asparagine, glutamine, serine, glycine, proline, threonine, alanine and the like and can be processed into good-taste dried plum, honey plum slices, sugar preserved plum and the like beside fresh eating, the plum is suitable for being planted in the rock-desertification areas under the condition of poor soil for water and soil conservation, ecological environment is restored for poverty-stricken areas, and income is increased for mass peasants.

The invention relates to a cultivation method of persimmon in Karst rock-desertification areas. The varieties of the cultivated persimmon are 'Yangfeng sweet persimmon', 'Jin persimmon' and 'Boai bayuehuang'. The cultivation method includes the steps of land preparation, field planting, fertilizer and water management, pruning, field management and pest control. The cultivated persimmon trees are vigorous in growth, sturdy and big in shoot and high in fruiting rate, fruit has rich nutritive value, contains rich sucrose, glucose, fructose, protein, carotene, vitamin C, citrulline, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc and can be brewed into persimmon wine and persimmon vinegar and processed into persimmon preserved fruit, persimmon powder, dried persimmon frost, persimmon tea, frozen persimmon and the like besides fresh eating, the persimmon is suitable for being planted in rock-desertification areas under the condition of poor soil for water and soil conservation, ecological environment is restored for poverty-stricken areas, and income is increased for mass peasants.

The invention relates to a cultivation method for economic crops, and discloses a cultivation method for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in a rock-desertification mountainous area. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: soil preparation, field planting, nutrient and water management, shaping and pruning, field management, pest and disease control, etc. The cultivation method provided by the invention can green barren mountains, retain water and soil and improve the environment; and meanwhile, planting of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in the conservation rock-desertification mountainous area can also create economic benefits, increases production and creates income for farmers, and provides the basis for taking the road of sustainable development.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecosystems and discloses a method for assessing a recovery potential of a karst ecosystem using soil animals. A measurement method of the recovery potential of the karst ecosystem uses the soil animals as an object; and a field in-situ soil column transplanting experiment and an indoor culture experiment of soil animal egg banks are used to comprehensively evaluate the diffusion recovery potential of the soil animals in karst area and the recovery potential of dormant egg banks. The karst stony desertification typical area of Puding County of Guizhou Province is used as an example; the diffusion recovery potential and influencing factors of the soil animals under different stony desertification degrees in karst of Guizhou are investigated and analyzed to explore the recovery potential of the dormant egg banks of the soil animals under the background of the karst stony desertification and to provide a scientific basis for the restoration and comprehensive prevention of the fragile ecosystems in the karst stony desertification area.

The invention relates to a remote sensing charting method and device for karst rocky desertification, which effectively depicts and extracts information reflecting karst rocky desertification characteristics through remote sensing image data and thematic data so as to improve the recognition capability of a machine learning algorithm on each rocky desertification level. Meanwhile, the rocky desertification units are defined by adopting an object-oriented strategy, so that automatic drawing of the to-be-graded units of the karst rocky desertification is realized, and the rocky desertification drawing units are outlined. On the basis, karst rocky desertification mapping can be rapidly achieved through a small amount of sample data, the mapping precision and efficiency are improved, and meanwhile the advantages of being high in automation degree and transportability are achieved.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for Indian jujube tress grown on a Karst stony desertification mountainous land. The cultivating method is characterized in that the to-be-cultivated Indian Jujube is called Gaolang No.1; a Biyun tree is chosen as a polinizer; and the polinizers taking up 10 to 20% of total planting amounts are configured. The cultivating method comprises steps of land preparation, planting fixation, water and fertilizer management, trimming and cutting, field management and pest control. Self-conservation stony desertification land expansion can be effectively prevented by the use of the cultivating method, and soil moisture retention can be achieved for the Karst stony desertification mountainous land, so water and soil erosion can be reduced; the Gaolang No.1 and the Biyun trees introduced to the land and widely grown are advantaged by great quality and large yield; and great economic and social benefits can be achieved.

The invention discloses a cactus, pitaya and zanthoxylum bungeanum matched planting method in a karst stony desertification region. The method comprises steps as follows: land separation and land preparation: sandy soil in a karst moderate stony desertification plateau canyon area at altitude of 600-700 m and slope of 30-50 degrees is selected, and plots in a terrace type line shape along the slope contour lines are obtained by preparation; seed selection and planting: cactus and pitaya stems and leaves at the young stage and injury-free and disease-free zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings are selected as seedlings; two rows of crops are planted on each step of ridge, cactus is planted outside, and the pitaya and the zanthoxylum bungeanum are inter-planted inside; water and fertilizer application; the crops are watered sufficiently during planting, and water is supplemented when the soil water content is lower than 40% at the growth stage; field management: complementary planting of seedlings, weed control, pruning and pest control are performed at regular time; harvesting. According to the method, the problems of low land space utilization rate, poor ecological restoration effect, poor economic benefits of farmers in the stony desertification region due to the fact that karst stony desertification region treatment mainly depends on planting of lawns or single economic plants are solved.

The invention discloses a method for cultivating passionflower in a karst rocky desertification area. The method comprises the following operation steps of: dividing a planting land into different rocky desertification grades; according to different rocky desertification grades and landforms, performing soil preparation and hole digging in a manner of making use of every single space, and controlling density according to the rocky desertification degree; applying 5-10kg of a decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.25-0.3kg of a phosphate fertilizer in each hole; and using rocks which are bare from ground and are located at different heights as climbing objects, selecting 1-2 branches with best growth vigor as main vines, performing first pinching at a position which is separated from a highest position of the rock by 20cm, eliminating all side vines and auxiliary buds below the pinching position, culturing 3-4 branches of first-grade side vines, performing inching for cultivating second-grade side vines on the condition that the first-grade side vines grow to a length of 60cm, and cultivating third-grade back vines similarly with the manner of the second-grade side vines until the vines fully cover the rock surface. Through the method, the passionflower can quickly cover the rocky desertification land, thereby realizing ecological benefits such as water and soil conservation and environment beautifying, and furthermore realizing relatively high economic benefit.

The invention discloses a method of tracing soil leakage in a karst region through a rare earth element. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of selecting an observation area accordingto a study, collecting and testing background values of various rare earth elements in the selected observation area, selecting a tracing rare earth element, calculating a release amount, preparing and distributing a tracing soil sample by a band method and a section method, marking a surface soil position by drawing a line, collecting and testing a rare earth element content selected after an observation period, and calculating and analyzing the underground soil leakage. The method traces the soil loss/leakage through the rare earth element, can quantitatively define contribution of surface soil loss and underground leakage in a stony desertification area, and is universal in applicability, high in accuracy and simple to operate in the karst region.

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for karst desertification site in southwest mountain areas, which comprises the following steps: (1) collection lower plant resources of algae,fungi and lichens in karst desertification site in southwest mountain; (2) propagation and fixation of algae, fungi and lichens; (3) manufacture of bioactive coverings; (4) application of bioactive coverings. The bioactive material obtained by the ecological restoration method can increase the biomass of algae on the ground surface, making the site have good durability to the environment erosionof rainstorm, and the method can also improve the agglomeration stability of soil and realize the effect of bio-soil crust in a short period of time. Thus cover the biologically active material prepared by the ecological restoration method on the surface of the site soil can prevent desertification and transform the desertification site into an ecological environment suitable for plant growth.

The invention provides a bricked slow biological filter for a rocky desert area. The bricked slow biological filter comprises a filter body, a partition plate and a filter layer, wherein the partition plate is transversely arranged in the filter body; water filtering holes are formed in the partition plate; the filter layer is arranged on the partition plate; a water outlet pipe penetrating through the filter body is arranged on the sidewall of the filter body below the partition plate; a water inlet pipe is led into the filter body above the partition plate; the sidewall of the filter body is constructed by bricks, and is 220 to 250mm thick; the filter layer comprises a pebble supporting layer, a ceramsite layer, a coir mat layer, a mixed layer and a quartz sand layer, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the mixed layer is formed by mixing and filling quartz sand and shell activated carbon. According to the bricked slow biological filter, the problem that the quality of water in a Karst rocky desert area is poorer and the conventional water purification technology is inapplicable to the Karst rocky desert area due to the influence of factors such as the geographical environment is solved; the bricked slow biological filter belongs to the field of water purification of Karst rocky desert areas.

The invention discloses a ternary soil moisture preservation method for agroforestry in a karst rocky desertification area. The ternary soil moisture preservation method for the agroforestry in the karst rocky desertification area comprises the following steps: one, digging a pit according to the required size before planting, and planting crops; two, digging an annular ditch with the width of 5-7cm and the depth of 10-15 cm at the position with perennial crop as the center radius of about 20 cm in each agroforestry 2-3 days before the rain season, and uniformly mixing a water-retaining agentwith soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 1000 under the condition that 30-40 g of the water-retaining agent is used in each agroforestry, and covering the water-retaining agent with a layer of soil with the thickness of 5 cm; three, covering the surface layer of the soil with a layer of straws or leaves or stones; and four, when the continuous drought weather is encountered, properly wateringuntil the water-retaining agent is saturated so as to provide a water source for supply water to the soil in the later period. Natural rainwater can be effectively accumulated, underground water is kept, water and soil resources are comprehensively utilized, the water utilization rate is improved, it ensures that the water can meet the normal growth requirement of crops, and the benefits of increasing production and income are remarkable.

The invention relates to a karst rocky desertification region rock-soil interface form and soil information acquisition method, and belongs to the field of rock-soil interface form and soil information acquisition. The method includes: firstly, selecting a research sample plot, wherein the sample plot at least comprises one exposed rock; according to the size of the exposed rock, arranging a quadrat on the sample plot, wherein the quadrat comprises a large quadrat and a plurality of small quadrats in the large quadrat; performing rock-soil interface form investigation on all small quadrats passing through two diagonals of the large quadrat to obtain a rock-soil interface form investigation result; performing section excavation on the small quadrats from outside to inside according to a sequence from outside to inside; performing sample collection on each layer of soil by adopting a layer-by-layer sampling method to obtain a soil sample; and performing rock-soil interface morphological feature description and soil information analysis on the soil sample according to a rock-soil interface morphological survey result. According to the method, accurate and effective quantitative acquisition and analysis of the rock-soil interface form and soil information of the karst rocky desertification region can be realized.