46 results about "Soil crust" patented technology

The process of improving desert soil and semi-desert soil with soil algae includes the steps of: 1. separating algae from soil crust and performing solid plate culture for purifying; 2. inoculating algae seed to liquid and ventilating to culture, selecting algae seed with practical value, centrifugally collecting and drying for storage; 3. re-compounding dried algae with water to restore activity for spread culture; 4. exercising via simulating field environment to make algae suit to varying environment; 5. inoculating the algae to desert soil and semi-desert soil, covering with mulching and spraying nutritious liquid for culture; and 6. field management. By means of the growth, propagation and cell secretion of algae in soil surface, the present invention raises the organic matter content in soil and water content in soil, promotes soil structure stability and improves the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil effectively.

The invention relates to a dry desert zone sand binder planting method. The survival rate of all kinds of sand binders is 70 percent or more in the dry desert regions with the annular precipitation ranging from 100 mm to 250 mm through sand face fixing, plant species selecting, planting density determining, planting mode selecting and seedling managing. The planted sand binders are planted along with deposition of falling dust on the surface of sand dunes, settlement of therophytes and growing of biological soil crusts are promoted, and long-term effective fixing of the sand dunes is guaranteed. By means of the sand binder planting method, the survival rate of the sand binders is guaranteed, the labor and seedling cost is reduced, and the purposes of preventing wind and fixing sand are achieved on the premise of maintaining the water balance.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a micro algae-biochar composite bio-fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: (1) separating representative photosynthetic microorganisms in soil crust, and preparing an exclusive culture medium; (2) screening and cultivating algae species having high nitrogen fixation ability and high carbon fixation ability by virtue of the exclusive culture medium in a photobioreactor; (3) enriching microalgae; (4) carrying out large-scale cultivation of microalgae; (5) collecting active microalgae; (6) collecting the biochar which is obtained by biomass pyrolysis, and carrying out drying treatment; and (7) compounding the active microalgae with the biochar, so as to prepare the micro algae-biochar composite bio-fertilizer. The invention also discloses a bio-fertilizer prepared by the method. The micro algae-biochar composite bio-fertilizer is prepared from the microalgae with high nitrogen fixation ability and pyrolysis biochar rich in high organic carbon as main matrixes; the advantages of the nitrogen-fixing microalgae and the biochar can be put into a full play; effective improvement and repair of the soil are achieved; and development of green low-carbon agriculture is promoted.

The invention discloses an improving method of gobi gravel land grape plantation soil in the technical field of soil improvement. The improving method of the gobi gravel land grape plantation soil comprises the following specific steps S1, laying drip irrigation pipelines: a drip irrigation system is designed according to terrains, firstly, a machine is used for excavating a deep trench, the cross section of the trench is an isosceles trapezoid or rectangle, the depth of the trench is 100-120 cm, the width of an opening is 80-100 cm, then, a main pipeline, a branch pipeline and a ground pile are embedded to achieve the relatively flat bottom of the trench, and the main pipeline and the branch pipeline are criss-cross and are evenly arranged. S2: deeply excavating planting furrows, breaking soil crusts and salt patches, excavating the planting furrows by the usage of the machine, and when the trench is excavated, separating and stacking topsoil and subsoil. According to the improving method of the gobi gravel land grape plantation soil, salt and a PH value in soil are regulated to make component content in the soil more suitable for grape planting, before trench excavation and planting, crop straws and organic fertilizer are backfilled and serve as base fertilizer, and therefore the pollution caused by chemical fertilizer is reduced, the waste is used and the method is green and environmentally friendly.

The invention discloses fertilizer added with perlite, and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 35-50 parts of perlite, 65-75 parts of urea, 50-80 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 45-60 parts of potassium chloride, 15-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-7 parts of polyacrylamide, 4-6 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 10-12 parts of attapulgite powder, 200-300 parts of straws, 150-200 parts of livestock manure, 20-30 parts of phosphorite powder and 10-12 parts of a soil activator. A soil conditioner provided by the invention comprises a jade component which contains a lot of microelements and is beneficial to human body, can effectively absorb and solidify toxic heavy metal elements in the soil, reduce absorption of the heave metal elements by the crop, and can increase crop output. High adsorbability of the perlite enables three main elements required by a plant to release slowly, can improve soil crust, and increase soil loose permeability and capacity of retaining water and fertilizer. A production process has no three wastes (waste gas, waste water and industrial residue).

The invention relates to a method for improving soil by dissolving ozone in water, mainly solving the technical problems of drug residues, fertilizer residue and soil crust in the prior art. The invention adopts ozone water with a density of 2 to 8 PPM by dissolving the ozone in the water to irrigate the soil, utilizes a water-gas mixer or a gas-liquid mixing pump to mix the ozone water with the density of 2-8 PPM to irrigate the soil for 2 to 6 times , thereby effectively removing toxic substances and organic matters through the oxidative decomposition process, increases oxygen for the soil, and loosing the soil. When the technology is used for a long time, future agricultural production does not need any pesticides and can produce high-quality organic agricultural products, and the soil injured before also can be improved to original ecology soil.

The present invention relates to a process for restoring disturbed arid land soil crust. According to the process, site-sourced biological soil crusts (BSC) serve as sources for liquid suspension inoculants onto degraded arid lands. The BSC are gathered from near the disturbed site, and organisms from them are cultured, replicated and multiplied many times, preferably off-site. Then, this inoculant resulting from the indigenous population is distributed live and active in a liquid suspension over the entire area of the disturbed site.

The invention discloses a measuring method for the algae biomass in a biological soil crust, and relates to the field of biology. The method includes the steps of sampling of an algae crust sample, sieving, cleaning, algae cultivating, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b measuring, standard curve drawing and algae biomass measuring (natural development). In the algae cultivating step, cultivating is carried out through BG11 cultivating media, and use algae are mixed algae. In the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b measuring step, chlorophyll is extracted with a mixed solution method, wherein extracting solutions comprise absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone and water in the ratio of 4.5 to 4.5 to 1. The relationship between the gross of the chlorophyll a and the chlorophyll b of the algae and the algae biomass is regressed through a standard curve. Measuring of the natural developing algae biomass is converted through the standard curve between the gross of the chlorophyll a and the chlorophyll b and the cultivated algae biomass. Direct comparison between the algae crust and the vascular plant biomass is achieved, and a reliable approach is provided for more accurately calculating the productivity of the algae crust and the effect of the productivity in an ecological system.

The invention discloses a chemical combined application technology of a semi-arid area under the situation of different soil clay contents. The application technology includes the selection of polyacrylamide(PAM) and super absorbent polymers(SAP), the PAM application method and the SAP mixed application method. The application technology effectively solves the problem that as the stability of the soil structure is poor, the earth surface crusts easily, the water and fertilizer storage capacity of soil is low, and the release speed is high, the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the semi-arid area is low. The application technology can also solve the problems that most soil in the semi-arid area is low in water storage capacity, and the surface layer of soil crusts easily. Growth of crops can be promoted and the yield and quality can be improved by adopting different PAM or SAP combined adjusting and controlling technologies according to the soil clay contents. The application technology becomes effective rapidly and is long in effectiveness time, the number of soil aggregates is remarkably increased the same year of application, the stability of the soil structure is remarkably enhanced, the effectiveness time is at least three years after application is carried out for one year, and the application technology is a soil structure improved technology with great application prospects.

Systems and methods are described for the production and application of a cyanobacteria based biological soil crust inoculant for soil fertilization, soil stabilization and the drawing down and sequestering of atmospheric carbon. Inoculant is generated as a dry granulate that can be stockpiled and spread onto soils using standard agricultural spreading practices employing aircraft, ground equipment and irrigation systems. This inoculant will have particular application in stabilizing agricultural and arid land soils to limit their erosion, increasing soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and providing nutrients, and drawing down atmospheric carbon dioxide by stimulating the growth and propagation of these biological soil crusts and their associated microorganisms and vascular plants. The effect of this carbon dioxide draw down will further the broad scale application of the soil crust inoculant by industries and nations interested in offsetting their anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions while increasing the fertility of their soils.

The invention relates to a preparation method of organic fertilizer gel particles for effectively improving soil compaction and provides a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-silica cross-linking liquid. The cross-linking liquid is prepared through high-fiber support ingredients such as rice husk, peanut shells and straws as important aids, has three-dimensional network spacehole sizes, an adsorption capacity and a specific surface area better than those of the existing cross-linking agent and can store more organic substances. The granulation temperature and mode improve the binding force between the composite gel and base fertilizer granules and improve the swelling properties of the composite gel. The organic fertilizer gel granules can effectively improve the soil crust agglomeration, reduce the soil bulk density, absorb water, retain water, feed fertilizer and retain fertilizer. The test results show that the crop yield is high, the quality is good, the fruit is large, drought and waterlogging resistance is good, soil aggregate structure is stable, the water stability is 2mm-3mm and 20cm of the plough layer contains 70% or more of water stable soil granules with the sizes of 2-3mm.

The invention provides a novel device used for culturing the wetland algae crust and a method for culturing the algae crust. The invention relates to an experimental device for culturing the algae in the soil crust and a method for culturing the algae crust. The invention solves the problems in the existing method that the cultured algae always does not meet the experimental requirements and correspondingly results in the failure of the experiment due to the factors of lighting, blasting, temperature, microbial contamination and the like because the conical flask is exposed to the manual climatic box environment. The device is composed of an algae incubator, an oxygen reactor and a communicating device, wherein the algae incubator is composed of a conical flask and a perforated rubber stopper; the oxygen reactor is composed of a jar and a perforated rubber stopper; the communicating device consists of two glass tubes. The culturing method comprises the following steps: step 1, putting the crust samples into the conical flask; step 2, pouring the Na2O2 powder into the jar; step3, connecting the conical flask and the jar by the glass tubes; step 4, putting the conical flask and the jar into the artificial culture box to culture.

The invention relates to a method for distinguishing biological soil crust and subsoil basic respiration of biological soil to test the contribution of components (biological soil crust and subsoil basic respiration) of soil to the soil respiration. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a biological soil crust layer is carefully separated from the soil surface and arranged in a screen with 150 meshes, the subsoil of the biological soil crust is heated for 3 h at the high-temperature of 160 DEG C, and after the subsoil temperature recovers to the indoor temperature, the screen with the biological soil crust layer is placed in the soil surface layer. The method has the advantages that operation is easy, separation is carried out through a physical method and is thorough, pollution does not exist, and cost is low; according to the method, the soil water content of components of the soil cannot be changed after natural raining, a processed soil sample testing environment is close to natural conditions, and the accuracy of the test result is high; the interference in soil is small, and the measurement result is close to the real value; continuous monitoring can be carried out under the field condition. By means of the method, the soil respiration rate that the biological soil crust covers the components of the soil can be accurately tested.

The invention discloses a rotary soil crust collection device used in a karst region. The rotary soil crust collection device comprises a scraper, a sample bag and a positioning rod. One end of the scraper is rotatably connected with the positioning rod; the scraper comprises a scraper holder and a blade; the scraper holder is fork-shaped; the both ends of the blade are connected with the scraperholder; and an opening of the sample bag is connected to the scraper holder in a sleeving manner. By rotating the scraper, the rapid collection of soil crust can be realized; the crust thickness is uniform; and the test is more accurate. The crust sample can be collected into the sample bag by only pressing the blade on the ground to move forwards. The operation is greatly simplified and the collection efficiency is improved. The rotary soil crust collection device has the advantages such as the simple structure, convenient operation and low cost.

An environmentally friendly method is provided for supporting the formation of microfloral soil crust, particularly in disturbed or contaminated areas, by treating soil with suspension containing microfloral propagules collected with runoff water on undisturbed sites. The method reduces spreading of contaminations from afflicted areas. Also provided is a composition of microfloral propagules for supporting the soil crust formation, which composition is in the form of suspension or powder.

The invention discloses a barrel land vegetation recovery compound preparation taking biologic materials as main bodies. The barrel land vegetation recovery compound preparation comprises the following six components with additive amounts in each 100 square meters: 15-50kg of a biomass high-polymer material, a microbial fertilizer with more than 10<8> viable organisms, 1.5-10kg of a compound fertilizer, 0-5 kg of an air-hardening mineral material, 0-6kg of phosphate buffer system (pH 6.5-8.0), and 0-50kg of a color enhancing material. According to the barrel land vegetation recovery compound preparation, the prepared soil crusts have the effects of absorbing moisture, holding water, resisting rainwater erosion, resisting wind erosion, improving the surface temperature to promote the plant germination and growth, and prolonging the plant growth period. When the crusts are formed after the construction is completed, the surfaces of the crusts do not need coverings, later-period watering is not required, and vegetation with relatively high cover degree can be formed on target earth surfaces in a growth season. The barrel land vegetation recovery compound preparation is applied to the field of vegetation recovery and water and soil conservation of barren lands such as road slopes, project spoil slopes, mine slashes, abandoned farmlands, desertification lands and the like.

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for karst desertification site in southwest mountain areas, which comprises the following steps: (1) collection lower plant resources of algae,fungi and lichens in karst desertification site in southwest mountain; (2) propagation and fixation of algae, fungi and lichens; (3) manufacture of bioactive coverings; (4) application of bioactive coverings. The bioactive material obtained by the ecological restoration method can increase the biomass of algae on the ground surface, making the site have good durability to the environment erosionof rainstorm, and the method can also improve the agglomeration stability of soil and realize the effect of bio-soil crust in a short period of time. Thus cover the biologically active material prepared by the ecological restoration method on the surface of the site soil can prevent desertification and transform the desertification site into an ecological environment suitable for plant growth.

The present invention relates to a process for restoring disturbed arid land soil crust. According to the process, site-sourced biological soil crusts (BSC) serve as sources for liquid suspension inoculants onto degraded arid lands. The BSC are gathered from near the disturbed site, and organisms from them are cultured, replicated and multiplied many times, preferably off-site. Then, this inoculant resulting from the indigenous population is distributed live and active in a liquid suspension over the entire area of the disturbed site.

The invention relates to a remediation method of ionic type rare earth tailings soil. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a biological crust sample of soil to be repaired; separating and purifying the biological crust sample, and culturing to obtain nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; carrying out propagation culture on nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to obtain cyanobacteria crust algae liquid; carrying out propagation culture on the AM fungus inoculant; and treating to-be-restored soil through the cyanobacteria crust algae liquid and the AM fungus fungicide subjected to propagation culture, and sowing pioneer plants. The biological soil crust, AM fungi and pioneer plants are combined to improve the soil in the ionic rare earth waste tailing area, enhance the water binding capacity of the soil, reduce the concentration of heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen in the soil and improve the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil.

An environmentally friendly method is provided for supporting the formation of microfloral soil crust, particularly in disturbed or contaminated areas, by treating soil with suspension containing microfloral propagules collected with runoff water on undisturbed sites. The method reduces spreading of contaminations from afflicted areas. Also provided is a composition of microfloral propagules for supporting the soil crust formation, which composition is in the form of suspension or powder.

The invention discloses a test soil crust collection device for a Karst region, and a usage method thereof. The device comprises a scraper and a sample bag, the scraper comprises a hilt, a scraper rest and a blade, wherein the scraper reset is fixedly connected with one end of the hilt, the scraper rest is a forked type structure, two ends of the blade are connected on the scraper rest, and an opening of the sample bag is connected on the scraper rest through cup joint. With the device and the method provided by the invention, fast collection of soil crust can be realized, crust thickness is uniform, test can be more accurate, just by pushing the blade to move forwards on the ground, a crust sample can be collected in the sample bag, operations are simplified greatly, and collection efficiency is improved. The device and the method provided by the invention have the characteristics of being simple in structure, convenient to operate and low-cost.

The invention discloses particle microorganism fertilizer. The particle microorganism fertilizer is characterized by comprising, by weight, 50-65 parts of crop husks, 20-35 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of microorganism bacterium agent, 6 parts of attapulgite powder and 5-10 parts of chitosan. The manufacturing method of the particle microorganism fertilizer includes the steps of intermediate fertilizer preparation, particle fertilizer preparation and particle microorganism fertilizer preparation. According to the step of intermediate fertilizer preparation, the crop husks are crushed to pass through a sieve of 100 meshes, and then the inorganic fertilizer and the attapulgite powder are added to be stirred, so that intermediate fertilizer is obtained. According to the step of particle fertilizer preparation, the obtained intermediate fertilizer is conventionally extruded, pelleted, dried till the moisture content is 5%-8%, and cooled to be at the temperature of 30-35 DEG C, and accordingly particle fertilizer can be obtained. The particle microorganism fertilizer has the advantages that soil crust can be avoided, meanwhile, the two actual needs of being high in fertilizer efficiency volatilization and long in action time are considered, effective microbial communities of soil can be effectively promoted to grow, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, crop growth is promoted, treatment is easy, and cost is low.

The invention relates to a method for distinguishing biological soil crust and subsoil basic respiration of biological soil to test the contribution of components (biological soil crust and subsoil basic respiration) of soil to the soil respiration. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a biological soil crust layer is carefully separated from the soil surface and arranged in a screen with 150 meshes, the subsoil of the biological soil crust is heated for 3 h at the high-temperature of 160 DEG C, and after the subsoil temperature recovers to the indoor temperature, the screen with the biological soil crust layer is placed in the soil surface layer. The method has the advantages that operation is easy, separation is carried out through a physical method and is thorough, pollution does not exist, and cost is low; according to the method, the soil water content of components of the soil cannot be changed after natural raining, a processed soil sample testing environment is close to natural conditions, and the accuracy of the test result is high; the interference in soil is small, and the measurement result is close to the real value; continuous monitoring can be carried out under the field condition. By means of the method, the soil respiration rate that the biological soil crust covers the components of the soil can be accurately tested.

The invention relates to the technical field of improvement and restoration of polluted soil, in particular to a shell breaking agent and its application. The shell breaking agent is calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ). The results of soil column infiltration experiments show that calcium dihydrogen phosphate has a potential improvement effect, and the soil infiltration rate increases with the increase of drying and wetting times. Soil surface Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 The continuous dissolution of the soil reduces the pH of the soil solution, and at the same time provides more calcium ions and dihydrogen phosphate ions to the soil solution, which can promote the dissolution of the soil crust and increase the soil infiltration rate.

The invention discloses a portable instrument for measuring the bending strength of a soil crust. The instrument comprises a fluid storage tank, wherein a through hole is formed in the tank bottom of the fluid storage tank; supporting legs are fixedly arranged on the outer part of the fluid storage tank; two mutually parallel guide rails are further arranged on the outer part of the tank bottom of the fluid storage tank; a measuring plate capable of sliding up and down along the guide rails is arranged between the guide rails; a receiving tank is fixedly arranged on the top of the measuring plate. The portable instrument for measuring the bending strength of the soil crust is simple in structure and ingenious in design; when the portable instrument is used for measuring the bending strength of the soil crust by taking lines as measuring objects, measurement is accurate and reliable; the portable instrument for measuring the bending strength of the soil crust solves the problems that when the conventional measuring device measures certain points on the soil crust, the crust strength sharp difference between the points is sharp and a large number of points are required to be distributed, so that the workload is reduced and the working efficiency is improved. The novel measuring device, provided by the invention, provides quantitative indexes and an important guidance for preventing wind and fixing soil by using the soil crust.

A soil restoration system including a plurality of dry particles, each particle inoculated with dehumidified biological material including at least one species of cyanobacteria, the cyanobacteria being physically supported by the particles, and the cyanobacteria being activatable by a threshold amount of moisture so that when the cyanobacteria is activated at an application site, the cyanobacteria multiplies to form a biological soil crust capable of facilitating plant seed catchment and vascular plant germination at the application site.

The invention discloses a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 50-70 parts of pond sludge cow dung burned soil, 5-8 parts of oyster shells, 10-15 parts of ampullaria gigas, 5-10 parts of lignin decomposition products, 2-5 parts of stellera chamaejasme, 3-5 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 2-6 parts of bentonite powder, 3-6 parts of silicate clay powder and 1-4 parts of cocklebur fruits. The preparation method includes preparing the pond sludge cow dung burned soil, air-drying the root of the stellera chamaejasme, the whole plant ofthe arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bentonite, the cocklebur fruits and the silicate clay powder, mixing and pulverizing the materials into 80-100 mesh, drying the oyster shells and the ampullaria gigas under the blazing sun, mixing and pulverizing the oyster shells and the ampullaria gigas into 80-100 mesh, evenly stirring the powder with the lignin decomposition products, evenly mixing and stirring all the raw materials, and performing ozone disinfection to obtain a finished product. By the soil conditioner, the formation of soil crusts can be well inhibited, and the soil properties of cultivated land can be well improved.

The invention provides a magnesite dust polluted soil in-situ purifying method. The magnesite dust polluted soil in-situ purifying method comprises following steps: 1, artificial removing of impurities, such as weed, bushes, and stones, on polluted soil is carried out; 2, polyacrylic acid is sprayed onto soil surface; 3, 5 to 7 days later, a modifier is applied into soil, and 20 to 30cm deep ploughing is carried out; 4, 15 to 20 days later, biogas slurry is sprayed onto soil surface, and purified soil is obtained 10 to 15 days later. The magnesite dust polluted soil in-situ purifying method iscapable of destroying soil crust, reducing soil pH value at the same time, improving soil permeability and water retention capability, increasing free Ga<2+> in soil through activation and application, coordinating Mg<2+> / Ga<2+> balance, and improving soil physical and chemical properties. The modifier possesses slow release effect, and is capable of solving a subsequent nutrient supply insufficient problem, and achieving excellent social benefit and economic benefit.

The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil improvement and recovery, in particular to a soil surface crust breaking agent for a magnesite region and application. The crust breaking agent is organic acid shown in the first formula. It can be seen that citric acid has a good crust breaking effect on soil crusts; particularly, citric acid is natural micromolecular organic acid, a complex is formed through citric acid and metal ions to promote the desorption of the metal ions, and the activity of the metal ions is increased; meanwhile, acid organic matter can promote the soil granular structure, and salt and alkali are effectively relieved. The first formula can be seen in the specification.

The invention provides a rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crusts from ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil and an application of the rapid cultivation method, and belongs to the field of environmental biotechnology. The rapid cultivation method comprises the following steps of 1) selecting a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts, and performing impurity removal, air drying and crushing to obtain different types of crushed crusts; 2) inoculating the different types of crushed crusts obtained in the step (1) to the surface of soil, and carrying out constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks to obtain different types of candidate artificially cultivated biological soil crusts; and 3) with the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index, performing screening to obtain the most dominant artificially cultivated biological soil crusts. Cultivation is continued for 240-260 days, and the influence of the development of the artificially cultivated biological soil crusts on the physicochemical and hydrological properties of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil is researched. The artificialbiological soil crusts provided by the invention has good effects of improving the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil and preventing and treating water and soil loss.