Device and method for measuring windproof efficiency of biological soil crust

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection scientific research equipment, in particular to a device and method for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust, and the device comprises a variable-frequency wind power system which is used for simulating different wind power intensities to carry out wind erosion on the biological soil crust; the biological soil crust tray is installed in the sand table in a sliding mode through cooperation of rolling wheels and bolts, and is used for placing different biological soil crust; the equipment supporting frame and movement system comprises a supporting frame and walking universal wheels and is used for supporting the equipment and transferring the equipment; the sand table height and angle regulation and control system is used for regulating and controlling the height and angle of the biological soil crust sand table so as to simulate different wind erosion angles; the matched chlorophyll determination system is used for determining the wind erosion condition of the biological soil crust and the change of related performance; the power supply system is used for supplying power to equipment. According to the invention, the wind erosion resistance mechanism of the biological crust on the aspects of wind prevention and sand fixation can be comprehensively determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of environmental protection scientific research equipment, and in particular to a device and method for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust. Background Art

[0002] Wind erosion, as a global environmental problem, is one of the main causes of soil degradation in arid and semi-arid areas. Biological crusts play a variety of important roles in preventing and controlling sand and resisting wind erosion, and are of great significance for protecting soil resources, promoting vegetation recovery, and maintaining ecological balance. Biological crusts, also known as biological crusts or soil microbial crusts, are complexes formed by the bonding of microbacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, mosses and other cryptogamous plants and their hyphae, secretions, etc. with soil gravel. It is an important type of surface cover in arid and semi-arid areas, accounting for 12% of the global land area, and the average coverage on arid surfaces is 24%. Biological crusts can fix the sand surface, regulate soil hydrology, affect the germination, growth and species diversity of vascular plant seeds, are pioneer species in desert vegetation succession, play an important role in promoting the evolution of desert vegetation, and play an important role in preventing and controlling sand. At present, biological crusts have been widely used in windbreak and sand fixation. There are several patented technologies for collecting biological crusts, but there is no mature method for observing and measuring the role of biological crusts in windbreak and sand fixation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a device and method for measuring the wind-proof efficiency of biological soil crusts, which can comprehensively determine the anti-wind erosion mechanism of biological crusts in terms of wind and sand fixation.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution specifically adopted by the present invention is as follows: A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts, comprising: A variable frequency wind system is used to simulate wind erosion of biological soil crusts at different wind intensities; The biological soil crust tray is slidably installed in the sand tray through rolling wheels and latches, and is used to place different biological soil crusts; Equipment support frame and motion system, including support frame and universal wheels, used to support equipment and realize equipment transfer; The sand table height and angle control system is used to control the height and angle of the biological soil crust sand table to simulate different wind erosion angles; the front end of the sand table is connected to the front end bracket of the support frame through the sand table connecting shaft. When the micro hydraulic pump is working, the sand table will be lifted from one side, and the lifting angle can be measured according to the protractor. When the lifting angle reaches the measured angle, the variable frequency wind system is started to blow the sand surface with wind.

[0005] The chlorophyll determination system is equipped to determine the wind erosion status of biological soil crust and changes in related properties. According to the test requirements, after the soil biological crust has been blown for a certain period of time, the micro hydraulic pump is started to level the sand table, and the chlorophyll determination system can be used to measure its wind erosion effect.

[0006] Power supply system, used to supply power to the equipment.

[0007] Furthermore, the variable frequency wind power system is composed of 9 groups of identical fans and frequency converters. The 9 groups of identical fans are installed in 3 rows and 3 groups. The fans are rigidly connected by stainless steel flat irons and installed on the left side of the support frame. They must not swing to ensure that the wind speed blown out by the fans is uniform and the intensity is consistent. The 9 groups of identical fans are connected to the frequency conversion controller, and the fan wind force increases or decreases with the change of the frequency conversion frequency.

[0008] Furthermore, the sand table adopts a frame structure welded from stainless channel steel with a length of 120 cm and a width of 60 cm. The sliding wheel is installed in the channel steel on the long side of the frame structure, and is connected to the biological soil crust tray through a pulley connecting shaft. A reinforcing rib is installed at the bottom of the biological soil crust tray. When the biological soil crust tray is installed in place, it is connected to the sand table by slotting. When the biological soil crust tray needs to be replaced, it can be pulled out from the upper part of the bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the sand table height angle control system includes a micro hydraulic pump, a sand table connecting shaft, and a dial and a pointer for measuring the inclination angle of the sand table. The dial and the pointer are installed on both sides of the sand table. The micro hydraulic pump is installed obliquely between the support frame and the sand table, and its two ends are respectively connected to the support frame and the center of the sand table. One end of the support frame is hinged to one end of the sand table through the sand table connecting shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the supporting chlorophyll determination system includes a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam, a light-shielding coat, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rod, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation track and a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner auxiliary recording system. The chlorophyll fluorescence scanner is adjustably mounted on the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod through the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam, the light-shielding coat movable cover is arranged outside the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner, the two ends of the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod are respectively adjustably connected to the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rods, the lower ends of the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rods are respectively slidably connected to the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation tracks, and the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation tracks are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the long side of the support frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a set of handles are symmetrically installed on the left side of the biological soil crust tray.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of the ground-moving universal wheels is two groups, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the support frame through the base frame support axis.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust, which uses the above-mentioned device to measure the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust.

[0014] The present invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects: The device of the present invention can measure the response effect to wind erosion under different wind conditions, the anti-wind erosion effect of different biological crusts under the same wind force, and the response of the same biological crust to wind erosion at different inclination angles, and can comprehensively measure the anti-wind erosion mechanism of biological crusts in preventing wind and fixing sand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 A front view of a device for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of a device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crust according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A side view of a device for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A top view of a device for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crust according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chlorophyll determination system in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biological soil crust tray in an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1-support frame; 2-ground universal wheel; 3-power supply system; 4-sand table; 5-fan; 6-sliding wheel; 7-micro hydraulic pump; 8-sand table connecting shaft; 9-dial and pointer; 10-chlorophyll fluorescence scanner; 11-chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam; 12-light-proof jacket; 13-chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal movement rod; 14-chlorophyll fluorescence scanner lateral movement rod; 15-chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation track; 16-chlorophyll fluorescence scanner auxiliary recording system; 17-longitudinal and horizontal connection points; 18-latch; 19-biological soil crust tray; 20-handle; 21-underframe support shaft; 22-reinforcement ribs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0017] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a device for measuring the windproof efficiency of biological soil crusts of the present invention can measure the wind erosion effect of biological soil crusts formed on the surface of the desert under different wind speeds and wind forces by simulating natural environmental conditions, including: a variable frequency wind system for simulating different wind forces to erode the biological soil crusts; a biological soil crust tray 19 for placing different biological soil crusts, a group of handles 20 are symmetrically installed on the front side of the biological soil crust tray 19, and the biological soil crust tray 19 is slidably installed in the sand tray 4 through a rolling wheel 6 and a latch 18, so that it is easy to extract, replace and install it on the support The chassis frame is supported; the equipment support frame and motion system for supporting the equipment and realizing the transfer of the equipment include a support frame 1 and a ground-moving universal wheel 2. In this embodiment, the ground-moving universal wheel 2 is in two groups, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the support frame 1 through a chassis support shaft 21, and the chassis support shaft 21 runs through the support frame 1; a sandbox height and angle control system is used to realize the control of the height and angle of the biological soil crust sandbox to simulate different wind erosion angles; a matching chlorophyll determination system is used to determine the wind erosion status of the biological soil crust and changes in related properties; a power supply system 3 is used to power the equipment. In this embodiment, the power supply system adopts a lithium battery.

[0018] like Figure 3 As shown, the variable frequency wind power system is composed of 9 groups of identical fans 5 and a frequency converter. The 9 groups of identical fans 5 are installed in 3 groups of 3 rows. The fans 5 are rigidly connected by stainless steel flat irons and installed on the left side of the support frame without swinging to ensure that the wind speed blown out by the fans is uniform and the intensity is consistent. The 9 groups of identical fans are connected to the frequency converter, and the fan wind force increases or decreases with the change of the frequency conversion frequency.

[0019] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the sand table 4 adopts a frame structure of 120 cm in length and 60 cm in width welded by stainless channel steel. The sliding wheel 6 is installed in the channel steel on the long side of the frame structure, and is connected to the biological soil crust tray through the pulley connecting shaft. A reinforcing rib 22 is installed at the bottom of the biological soil crust tray. When the biological soil crust tray is installed in place, it is connected to the sand table by slotting. When the biological soil crust tray needs to be replaced, it can be pulled out from the upper part of the bracket.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, the sand table height angle control system includes a micro-hydraulic pump 7, a sand table connecting shaft 8, and a dial and a pointer 9 for measuring the inclination of the sand table. The dial and the pointer are installed on both sides of the sand table. The micro-hydraulic pump 7 is installed obliquely between the support frame 1 and the sand table, and the two ends are connected to the center of the support frame and the sand table respectively. One end of the support frame 1 is hinged with one end of the sand table through the sand table connecting shaft 9. Specifically, the sand table connecting shaft 9 is fixed on the fixed frame above the support frame 1 and is hinged with the front port of the sand table to ensure that the tray will not slide forward when it is lifted. The micro-hydraulic pump 7 is installed obliquely below the sand table, and the oil pump control system is fixed on one side of the chassis frame. When the micro-hydraulic pump 7 is started, the sand table will be lifted up, and its inclination can be read by the protractor installed on both sides of the sand table and the rotating pointer. When the sand table is turned to the angle required to be measured, the oil pump lifting system is shut down and the fan is started. The size and speed of the fan wind force are read and controlled by the frequency converter.

[0021] like Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, the supporting chlorophyll determination system includes a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner 10, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam 11, a light-isolating jacket 12, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rod 13, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod 14, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation track 15 and a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner auxiliary recording system 16. The chlorophyll fluorescence scanner 10 is adjustably mounted on the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod 14 through the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam 11, and the movable cover of the light-isolating jacket 12 is arranged outside the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner 10. The two ends of the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod 14 are respectively adjustably connected to the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rods 13, and the lower ends of the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rods 13 are respectively slidably connected to the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation tracks 15, and the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation tracks 15 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the long side of the support frame. After wind erosion of the biological crust on the sand tray for a certain period of time, the sand tray can be adjusted to a horizontal state. After placing a pre-made sample square frame with a spacing of 10cm*10cm on the surface of the biological soil crust tray, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner can be used to measure the wind erosion conditions and changes in related properties according to the sample square.

[0022] This specific implementation can measure the response of different wind speeds to the same biological crust, the response of the same wind speed to different biological crusts, and the response values ​​of different inclination angles to wind force on soil crusts. In the test preparation stage, the biological soil crust to be tested is first cultured in the biological soil crust tray. After the culture is completed, the test stage is entered. The biological soil crust tray containing the biological soil crust to be tested is slid and installed in the sand tray, and the limit is achieved by the latch. According to the experimental requirements, the micro-hydraulic pump is controlled to extend through the oil pump control system to lift the biological soil crust. The inclination angle can be controlled by the two sides of the biological soil crust tray. The protractor and the rotating pointer are read. When the tray is turned to the angle required for measurement, the oil pump lifting system is shut down and the fan is started. The size and speed of the fan wind are read and controlled by the frequency converter, so that the wind speed blown out by the fan is uniform and the intensity is consistent. The wind blown out directly blows to the sand surface without obstruction to achieve wind erosion simulation. At this time, the wind erosion effect of wind on the biological soil crust is observed from the appearance. After the wind erosion simulation is completed, the sand table is laid flat, and the sample box is placed on the sand table. The chlorophyll fluorescence instrument is used to measure the erosion changes of the biological crust caused by wind erosion. The image changes of the instrument are used to express the response of the biological soil crust to wind. Several biological soil crust trays can be designed for cultivating different biological crusts. After one type of measurement is completed, the biological soil crust tray is first lowered to a horizontal position, and its latch is connected to the sliding wheel in the channel steel of the sand table. The handle at the front end is used to pull it out of the sand table, and another set of biological soil crust trays with different biological soil crusts are replaced to continue the measurement.

[0023] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts, characterized in that: include: A variable frequency wind system is used to simulate wind erosion of biological soil crusts at different wind intensities; The biological soil crust tray is slidably installed in the sand tray through rolling wheels and latches, and is used to place different biological soil crusts; Equipment support frame and motion system, including support frame and universal wheels, used to support equipment and realize equipment transfer; The sand table height and angle control system is used to control the height and angle of the biological soil crust sand table to simulate different wind erosion angles; Equipped with chlorophyll measurement system to measure the wind erosion status of biological soil crust and changes in related properties; Power supply system, used to supply power to the equipment.

2. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The variable frequency wind power system is composed of 9 groups of identical fans and frequency converters. The 9 groups of identical fans are installed in 3 groups of 3 rows. The fans are rigidly connected by stainless steel flat irons and installed on the left side of the support frame. The 9 groups of identical fans are connected to the frequency converter controller. The fan wind force increases or decreases as the frequency conversion frequency changes.

3. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sand table adopts a frame structure with a length of 120 cm and a width of 60 cm welded by stainless channel steel. The sliding wheel is installed in the channel steel on the long side of the frame structure, and is connected to the biological soil crust tray through the pulley connecting shaft. Reinforcing ribs are installed at the bottom of the biological soil crust tray. When the biological soil crust tray is installed in place, it is connected to the sand table by cutting.

4. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sand table height angle control system includes a micro hydraulic pump, a sand table connecting shaft, and a dial and a pointer for measuring the inclination angle of the sand table. The dial and the pointer are installed on both sides of the sand table. The micro hydraulic pump is installed obliquely between the support frame and the sand table. The two ends are respectively connected to the support frame and the center of the sand table. One end of the support frame is hinged to one end of the sand table through the sand table connecting shaft.

5. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting chlorophyll determination system includes a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam, a light-shielding coat, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rod, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod, a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation track and a chlorophyll fluorescence scanner auxiliary recording system. The chlorophyll fluorescence scanner is adjustably mounted on the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod through the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner mounting beam, the light-shielding coat movable cover is arranged outside the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner, the two ends of the chlorophyll fluorescence scanner transverse moving rod are respectively adjustably connected to the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rods, the lower ends of the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner longitudinal moving rods are respectively slidably connected to the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation tracks, and the two chlorophyll fluorescence scanner translation tracks are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the long side of the support frame.

6. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A set of handles are symmetrically installed on the left side of the biological soil crust tray.

7. A device for measuring the windbreak efficiency of biological soil crusts as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the ground-moving universal wheels is two groups, which are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the support frame through the support axis of the base frame.

8. A method for measuring the windbreak effectiveness of biological soil crusts, characterized in that: The windproof efficiency of biological soil crust is determined by using the device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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