59 results about "Roughness factor" patented technology

A coated surface for resisting or enhancing bioadhesion includes at least one patterned polymer including coating layer having a plurality of features attached to or projected into a base surface. The features each have at least one microscale (<1 mm) dimension and have at least one neighboring feature having a substantially different geometry. The patterned coating layer preferably provides an average roughness factor (R) of from 4 to 50. The coating layer resists or enhances bioadhesion as compared to the base surface.

A hydrophobic surface comprising a substrate and a roughened surface structure oriented on the substrate material is provided. The substrate comprises a surface, which is at least partially hydrophobic with a contact angle to liquid of 90° or greater. The roughened surface structure comprises a plurality of asperities arranged in a geometric pattern according to a roughness factor, wherein the roughness factor is characterized by a packing parameter p that equals the fraction of the surface area of the substrate covered by the asperities. The p parameter has a value from between about 0.5 to about 1.

Compositions and methods for treating textile substrates to obtain superior liquid repellent properties are disclosed. Durable microscopic surface structures imparted to the fibrous substrate allow liquids to bead up and roll off of its surface. Mechanical abrasion or sanding techniques may be used to create the microscopic surface structures on the surface of a fibrous textile substrate, without substantially breaking fibers, followed by a chemical treatment using, for example, fluorocarbon-containing repellent compositions. Particles may be employed in combination with repellent compositions to achieve superior repellent properties. A property of the roughened surface fibers, the Roughness Factor, is used to characterize the microscopic surface structures on the treated textile surface. Treated textile substrates are disclosed which achieve superior water and oil repellency, even after multiple abrasion or laundering cycles.

Compositions and methods for treating textile substrates to obtain superior liquid repellent properties are disclosed. Durable microscopic surface structures imparted to the fibrous substrate allow liquids to bead up and roll off of its surface. Mechanical abrasion or sanding techniques may be used to create the microscopic surface structures on the surface of a fibrous textile substrate, without substantially breaking fibers, followed by a chemical treatment using, for example, fluorocarbon-containing repellent compositions. Particles may be employed in combination with repellent compositions to achieve superior repellent properties. A property of the roughened surface fibers, the Roughness Factor, is used to characterize the microscopic surface structures on the treated textile surface. Treated textile substrates are disclosed which achieve superior water and oil repellency, even after multiple abrasion or laundering cycles.

The invention relates to a design method of a water conveyance system. The steps comprise terrain analysis, regulation and storage node site selection, regulation and storage node analysis, engineering parameter confirmation, and water distribution network design parameter selection. The terrain analysis and the regulation and storage node analysis are adopted, the safety and social factors of a regulation and storage node are fully considered, and the design technology problem and related social and environment protection problems of the tail end of a water transfer project are solved to the maximum degree. Meanwhile, a supply and demand balance model is established for solving the contradiction among water transfer, water supply and water use, a roughness factor and the design elements of a water supply network are fully considered, and the regularization process of water transfer project design is achieved.

A method for the fabrication of a mesoporous metal electrode in a non-liquid crystalline phase was tested. Specifically, there was tested the efficacy of the method for the fabrication of a mesoporous metal electrode which comprises forming the mesoporous metal electrode on a substrate by chemical or electrochemical reduction of a mixture comprising a solvent, a structure-directing agent, and a source of a metal, characterized in that the mixture is maintained in a non-liquid crystal phase. Furthermore, the usefulness of the mesoporous metal electrode thus prepared from the non-liquid crystalline phase was also tested. The mesoporous metal electrode prepared from the non-liquid crystalline phase had a large surface area, and a roughness factor thereof was controlled by charges passed during electroplating. The method made it possible to fabricate the mesoporous metal electrode in the non-liquid crystalline phase, even more flexible than a liquid crystalline phase. The mesoporous metal electrode prepared by the method had randomly distributed mesopores on the surface thereof and retained a large roughness factor. The method was found to be a good alternative to the conventional fabrication of porous platinum films in the liquid crystalline phase. Furthermore, the method was found to be suitably applicable to automatic processes, because the mesoporous metal electrode was prepared in the highly flexible non-liquid crystalline phase. Recovery and recycling of raw materials were also improved. The mesoporous metal electrode prepared by the method can be suitably used for the detection of glucose and proton, and as a cathode or an anode of fuel cells.

A bubble micro-pump includes a first component, a second component and a bubble-generating unit. The first component includes a flow path having a first area and a second area. The second component above the first component has a first roughness surface and a second roughness surface. The first roughness surface opposite the first area has a first roughness factor, and the second roughness surface opposite the second area has a second roughness factor smaller than the first roughness factor. The bubble-generating unit on the first component generates bubble in the first area and the second area when a fluid fills the vacancy between the first component and the second component. Due to the difference in roughness factor, the backfilling velocity of the fluid in the first area is faster than that in the second area when the bubble starts to vanish, such that the fluid is driven to flow.

A self-clean cloth with nanometer technology for feather garment and its preparing method which includes the following steps: construct concave convex nanophase structure on chemical fiber surface to increase microcosmic specific area by physical and chemical modification, graft active group on fiber surface, increase more nanophase solid grain to endow the cloth with high roughness factor so that hydrophobic and oleophobic capability of cloth was enhanced.

The present invention provide an all solid-state photoelectric conversion device which comprises a semiconductor, an electrically conductive substrate arranged on one surface of the semiconductor and forming an ohmic junction therewith, an electrically conductive film arranged on the other surrface and forming a Schottky junction with the semiconductor, and a sensitizing dye layer arranged on the electrically conductive film, the roughness factor of the surface of the semiconductor forming a Schottky junction being 5 or greater. The photoelectric conversion device has a large effective surface area and a high durability and can be manufactured at a low cost.

A fuser roller (161) and a fusing unit (160) including the fuser roller (161) are to be used in an image-forming apparatus. The fuser roller (161) includes a tubular fusing portion (162), an inner tube (165), and a heating portion (164). The inner tube (165) is inserted into the fusing portion (162). The heating portion (164) is installed to enclose an outer surface of the inner tube (165) and press against an inner surface of the fusing portion (162), and to radiate heat. The fusing portion (162) is surface treated to have a roughness factor of Ra 3 - 5[mu]m.

The invention provides a method for identifying the influence amplitude of river regulation on the water level by utilizing a leveling residual error, which comprises the following steps of: 1, eliminating the influence of backwater jacking, and determining a multi-year average water level-flow function relationship of a river section inlet; 2, calculating a water level residual error under the characteristic flow according to the actually measured flow water level value and the multi-year average water level-flow function relationship; 3, drawing a change graph of annual average water level residual error along with time under a specific flow level in the coordinate plane by taking the year as a transverse axis and the annual average residual error as a longitudinal axis, and identifyinginterannual characteristics of water level change under the specific flow level on the basis of the change graph, so as to obtain a water level accumulated amplitude [delta]Z from the Nth year to theMth year; 4, quantitatively analyzing the influence effect of riverbed erosion and deposition and roughness factors; and 5, repeatedly executing the steps 2-4 to obtain water level accumulated amplitude components [delta]Zb and [delta]Zr under each characteristic flow level caused by riverbed erosion and deposition and roughness adjustment, thereby determining the influence amplitude of riverway adjustment on the water level.

The invention discloses a preparing method of self-cleaning polyurethane synthetic leather with a lotus effect. Polycarbon waterborne polyurethane surface-layer resin is taken as a carrier, closed-type aroma microcapsules and siloxane polymers with certain concentrations are dissolved and dispersed to form surface-layer pulp, and then the surface-layer pulp coats fluffy release paper of a lotus-leaf-simulation microstructure to prepare a wear-resistance controlled-release aroma dry-method surface layer with natural high-roughness factors; a low-pressure casting process is adopted, hydrolysis-resistance slow-resilience solvent-free polyurethane resin is adopted for preparing a foaming interlayer, and then microfiber base cloth fits the foaming interlayer to obtain the solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather finished product. According to the prepared self-cleaning controlled-release aroma functional solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather with the lotus effect, processes like dipping, rolling and spraying are not needed, the leather has a self-cleaning function, the process is efficient, environmentally friendly and clean, no DMF is left in the product, the leather is soft and smooth in hand feeling and generates a strong sense of genuine leather, the fragrance holding time of the leather is at least prolonged by 240 days compared with leather which is processed directlythrough essence, and the leather has the advantages of wear resistance, good hydrolysis resistance and other good physical properties.

The invention relates to a method for irradiation-mutating japonica rice in Northeast China through aheavy-ion beam C, in particular to a breeding method of japonica rice. The method for irradiation-mutating the japonica rice in Northeast China through the heavy-ion beam C provided by the invention aims to solve the problem of low mutation rate and beneficial mutation rate of an existing heavy-ion beam irradiation method. The method comprises the steps of (1) selecting japonica rice varieties in Northeast China as irradiation materials; (2) adopting a heavy-ion accelerator as an instrument, and using the heavy-ion beam C for irradiating germ surfaces of the japonica rice in Northeast China; (3) irradiating current M0 seeds, then normally sowing, transplanting survived rice seedling individual plants, mixed harvesting, threshing and storing all seed grains on M1; (4) in the spring of next year, planting M1 individual plants to obtain M2 generation, and appearing mutated plants; (5) in the winter of the year, adding-generation planting variant plants harvested from the M2-generation individual plants to obtain M3 generation in Sanya, Hainan; (6) in the spring of next year, planting the individual plants harvested from M3 to obtain M4 generation, monitoring yield, testing seeds, and selecting materials with the roughness factor being not less than 77 percent, the head rice rate being not less than 62 percent, the amylose being ranged from 15 to 20 percent, and the chalkiness percentage being below 20 percent. The method provided by the invention is used for breeding the japonica rice in Northeast China.