The invention discloses a solid propellant formulation energy optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm. The method comprises a first step of modeling, and building an energy characteristic calculation model of solid propellant according to a minimum free energy principle; a second step of setting and storing initial parameters, inputting component species used by the solid propellant, and a chemical formula and a quality proportion range of each component, and inputting species of combustion products produced by the solid propellant after being combusted, and chemical formulas and relative molecular mass of all the combustion products or selecting all the combustion products in a combustion product data base; and a third step of calling a genetic algorithm module by a data processor, and conducting optimization design to quality proportion of the designed solid propellant. The solid propellant formulation energy optimization design method based on the genetic algorithm is simple in steps, reasonable in design, convenient to achieve, good in using effect, capable of fast obtaining an optimum proportion of highest specific impulse of the solid propellant and effectively overcoming the defects, existing in an existing solid propellant compound design process, of being high in energy characteristic test cost, long in period, large in test dose, and the like.