269 results about "Binding energy" patented technology

A method for fabricating a glass substrate containing SiO₂ as a main ingredient thereof and having a uniform and minute pattern of stripes formed on the surface thereof by ultraprecision polishing includes a step of inspecting whether or not, at the topmost surface portion of the glass substrate after polishing, a given property of a bound energy of the Si atom with respect to the electrons occupying a 2P orbit as determined by XPS is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the given property is a shift amount of the bound energy or a half-value width of the bound energy distribution, the predetermined value is 0.10 eV or 2.15 eV, respectively.

Silicon oxide based composite anode active materials including amorphous silicon oxides are provided. In one embodiment, the amorphous silicon oxide is represented by SiO_x (where 0<x<2), has a binding energy of about 103 to about 106 eV, a silicon peak with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) ranging from about 1.6 to about 2.4 as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and an atomic percentage of silicon greater than or equal to about 10 as calculated from an area of the silicon peak. The anode active material is a composite anode active material obtained by sintering hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). Anodes and lithium batteries including the anode active material exhibit improved charge and discharge characteristics.

It is a special-purpose device used for two-directional energy-focusing and smooth blasting, post standard knot of multisection energy-gathering pipe which is in the double ''V'' shaped energy-accumulating groove which is set on the pipewall full of detonator, each post standard knot is linked with connection casing on which there is energy-accumulating groove, centering ring in the hole is noosed on the standard joint of the binding energy tube so that the center lines of the upper and the lower energy-gathering groove like V shape are in the same surface in the blasthole. Orifice centering rings of the two V- shaped central whose orientation is the same with V- shaped energy-gathering groove are set on the noose annulus wall at the ground end of energy -gathering pipe at orifice of blasthole, which makes the center line of each energy-gathering groove like a V shape forms a surface of centering and coinciding with blasting surface in each blasthole and among. After detonating explosive, make shaped charge jet spark along initial small crack that forms while the crack begins to form, then forms presplitting or smooth blasting surface, and finish energy-gathering presplitting and smooth blasting. The invention can enhance utilization ratio of demolishing energy and debase quantity of drilled holes, the influence of destroying rock mass kept down is little and the blasting surface is more level.

A method for doping semiconductors used for far infrared lasers with non-hydrogenic acceptors having binding energies larger than the energy of the laser photons. Doping of germanium or silicon crystals with beryllium, zinc or copper. A far infrared laser comprising germanium crystals doped with double or triple acceptor dopants permitting the doped laser to be tuned continuously from 1 to 4 terahertz and to operate in continuous mode. A method for operating semiconductor hole population inversion lasers with a closed cycle refrigerator.

A method for preparing hollow nanofibers having carbon as a primary component by contacting a carbon-containing compound with a catalyst at 500 to 1200° C., wherein the catalyst is one of a zeolite exhibiting thermal resistance at 900° C. and, supported thereon, a metal; a metallosilicate zeolite containing a heteroatom except aluminum and silicon and a metal; a supporting material and fine cobalt particles exhibiting a binding energy of a cobalt 2P3/2 electron of 779.3 to 781.0 eV; a supporting material and fine cobalt particles exhibiting a cobalt atom ratio in the surface of the supporting material of 0.1 to 1.5%, as measured by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 10 kV and 18 mA; a supporting material and fine cobalt particles exhibiting a weight ratio of cobalt to a second metal component of 2.5 or more; and a zeolite having a film form and a metal.

The present invention relates to a melt blend of a base polymer, an oxidizable organic polymer, a transition metal salt catalyst and a colorant that does not completely deactivate the catalyzed oxidation. A preferred colorant, yields in an article made from the polymer melt blend a Catalyst Deactivation Factor (CDF) of less than about 0.25, preferably less than 0.15, more preferably less than 0.1, and most preferred less than 0.05. The present invention also comprises a colored monolayer article having the described CDF, such as a film, thermoformed tray, or blow molded container, that has active oxygen scavenging properties. The colorant, after melt blending a base polymer, an oxidizable organic polymer, a transition metal catalyst, does not increase the binding energy of the transition metal catalyst ion by more than 1 eV.

Disclosed is an antibacterial nanofiber which comprises a polymer having an electron-withdrawing group and/or an electron-withdrawing atomic group and has an average fiber diameter of not less than 1 nm and less than 1000 nm, wherein the ratio of the binding energy of the minimum unit of the polymer at 25° C. to the binding energy of the electron-withdrawing group and/or the electron-withdrawing atomic group contained in the minimum unit of the polymer at 25° C. is 0.13 or greater. The nanofiber has an antibacterial activity by itself, and therefore can exhibit an antibacterial activity without the need of adding any antibacterial agent.

A semiconductor device includes a Si substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the Si substrate, the gate insulating film being formed of an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group of Zr, Hf, Ti and a lanthanoid series metal, and having a single local minimal value on a high binding energy side of an inflection point in first differentiation of an O1s photoelectron spectrum, and a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating film.

The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.

Systems and methods for improving the performance of dilution refrigeration systems are described. Filters and traps employed in the helium circuit of a dilution refrigerator may be modified to improve performance. Some traps may be designed to harness cryocondensation as opposed to cryoadsorption. A cryocondensation trap employs a cryocondensation surface having a high thermal conductivity and a high specific heat with a binding energy that preferably matches at least one contaminant but does not match helium. Multiple traps may be coupled in series in the helium circuit, with each trap designed to trap a specific contaminant or set of contaminants. Both cryocondensation and cryoadsorption may be exploited among multiple traps.

A vessel including a thermoplastic wall enclosing a lumen is disclosed. The wall supports an SiO_x composite barrier coating or layer, for which x is from 1.8 to 2.4, between the wall and the lumen. High Resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows the presence of an interface between the composite barrier coating or layer and the wall or substrate. In one aspect, the interface has at least 1 mol.% O₃—Si—C covalent bonding, as a proportion of the O₃—Si—C covalent bonding plus SiO₄ bonding. In another aspect, the interface has an Si 2p chemical shift to lower binding energy (eV), compared to the binding energy of SiO₄ bonding. The result is a tightly adherent composite barrier coating or layer having a high degree of adhesion to the substrate under practical use conditions. Methods of applying the composite barrier coating or layer are also disclosed.

Provided are a prepreg and a carbon-fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent long-term storage stability and adhesiveness between a carbon fiber and a matrix resin. The present invention is a prepreg made by impregnating a sizing-agent-coated carbon fiber, which is coated with a sizing agent including an aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and an aromatic epoxy compound (B1), with a thermosetting resin composition including a thermosetting resin (D), a latent curing agent (E), and, if necessary, an additive (F) other than the thermosetting resin (D) and the latent curing agent (E), the prepreg being characterized in that the ratio ((a)/(b)) between (a) the height of a binding energy component attributed to CHx, C-C, and C=C and (b) the height of a binding energy component attributed to C-O in a C1s core spectrum obtained by measuring the surface of said sizing-agent-coated carbon fiber by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is within a predetermined range.

A positive electrode active material including: a lithium complex oxide represented by Formula 1; and a carbon coating layer disposed on the lithium complex oxide, wherein, in a C1s XPS spectrum of the positive electrode active material, a peak intensity of a first peak at a binding energy from about 288 eV to about 293 eV is greater than a peak intensity of a second peak at a binding energy from about 283 eV to about 287 eV, and in an O1s X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the positive electrode active material, a peak intensity of a third peak at a binding energy from about 530.5 eV to about 535 eV is greater than a peak intensity of a fourth peak at a binding energy from about 527.5 electron volts to about 530 electron volts,

Li_aM_bM′_cM″_dO_e.  Formula 1

This invention relates to alloying and heat treatment craft of tool die steel, it belongs to one kind of DM8B-2 multi-types superfine carbide high carbon alloy tool steel. Using alloy design method which voluntarily developing, do the phase equilibrium thermo dynamics, electronic/atom level binding energy computation,quenching and the tempered hardness computation as well as to synthesis appraisal its toughness and sintensity. Its ingredient characteristic is appropriate C quantity and Cr/ (W+Mo) ratio, reasonable Si, Mn as well as few Ni; Its microstructure characteristic has the superfine carbide, annealing carbide size is between 0.05-0.8mum, when quenching, the undissolved carbide size should not to be smaller than 0.5mum. after quenching to add 200degree C-300degree C, tempering may enable the tempering hardness to achieve 61-64HRC by using carbide precipitation hardening. It has high yield strength and the impact toughness.In the thin edge cutting tool, cutting die and weightily attacking die areas, it has widespread application prospect.

Disclosed is a core-shell-type platinum-containing catalyst that can reduce the amount of platinum used and has high catalytic activity and stability. Also disclosed are a process for producing the core-shell-type platinum-containing catalyst, an electrode, and an electrochemical device. The core-shell-type platinum-containing catalyst comprises particles each comprising a core particle (average particle diameter: R1) formed of a non-platinum element and a platinum shell layer (average thickness: ts) and satisfies the following relationships: 1.4 nm = R1 = 3.5 nm; and 0.25 nm = ts = 0.9 nm. The core particle contains an element satisfying Eout = 3.0 eV wherein Eout represents the average bound energy, based on Fermi level, of 5d orbit electrons of platinum present on the outermost surface of the platinum shell. A fuel cell comprising a platinum-containing catalyst as an anode catalyst, the platinum-containing catalyst comprising a Ru particle as a core particle, has an output density of not less than 70 mW/cm2 at a current density of 300 mA/cm2 and an output retention of not less than about 90%.

The invention provides a method and a system for simulating material structure evolution caused by irradiation. The method comprises the steps of acquiring cluster components, in-cluster atom distribution and cluster geometric structure on the condition of different defect concentrations and different element contents; acquiring the geometric structure and the cluster components of the cluster with lowest energy in the clusters on the condition of different defect concentrations and different element contents; calculating formation energy, binding energy and diffusion barrier of the cluster with the lowest energy through a modular statistics method; obtaining a cluster forming path of the cluster with lowest energy; and establishing a dynamics model of the material structure evolution caused by irradiation.

A process cartridge includes a protective agent, a photoconductor, a charging unit, a development unit, a cleaning unit, and an application unit. The protective agent includes paraffin as main component. The photoconductor has a surface including polycarbonate applied with the protective agent. The development unit develops a latent image on the photoconductor. The cleaning unit removes materials remaining on the photoconductor. The application unit applies the protective agent to the surface of photoconductor. One peak in a given binding energy range is used to determine a coating condition of the photoconductor coated by the agent. The coating condition is determined by comparing an area ratio A₀ before applying the agent and an area ratio A after applying the agent, each of which is an area ratio with respect to a total area of C1s spectrum of the photoconductor. The coating ratio of the photoconductor is computed by (A₀−A)/A₀×100.

The invention relates to a catalytic hydrodechlorination Pd-M/NOMC catalyst and a preparing method and application thereof. According to the catalyst, with synthetic-nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon being a carrier, the active component is Pd-M. A one-step synthesis method is adopted to prepare a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon catalyst, an impregnation method can be adopted to synthesize the Pd-M/NOMC catalyst, and hydrogen, formic acid-sodium formate, methyl alcohol and the like are adopted as hydrogen sources for hydrodechlorination of chlorophenol. Nitrogen atoms are doped on a mesoporouscarbon material, the reactive site of catalysis is increased, and the activity of the catalyst is improved. The one-step method for synthesis is adopted, the nitrogen sources can be controlled from the source, the content of added nitrogen is easier to control, and the formed mesoporous structure is not easily damaged; by introducing nitrogen, the lowest binding energy position of palladium is migrated, electrons in nitrogen are migrated to the surface of palladium atoms, which improves the stability between palladium and the material.