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Platinum-containing catalyst, process for producing the platinum-containing catalyst, electrode, and electrochemical device

A platinum catalyst and electrochemical technology, which is applied in the direction of catalyst activation/preparation, chemical instruments and methods, physical/chemical process catalysts, etc., can solve the problems of reduced catalytic activity and achieve large output density, high toxicity, and high durability Effect

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-09-21
SONY CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

For example, in platinum catalysts, there is a problem that the catalytic activity is reduced (poisoned) by carbon monoxide as an intermediate, so that the catalytic activity decreases over time

Method used

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  • Platinum-containing catalyst, process for producing the platinum-containing catalyst, electrode, and electrochemical device
  • Platinum-containing catalyst, process for producing the platinum-containing catalyst, electrode, and electrochemical device
  • Platinum-containing catalyst, process for producing the platinum-containing catalyst, electrode, and electrochemical device

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Experimental program
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Embodiment 1

[0367]

[0368] Platinum-containing catalyst core particles were prepared in the following manner. Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate (RuCl 3 ·nH 2 O) was dissolved in ethylene glycol to prepare 190 mL of a solution in which ruthenium (III) ions were dissolved at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L. Then, 10 mL of 0.5-mol / L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution was added to the solution, and while the solution was sufficiently stirred, the temperature of the solution was raised to 170° C. for 1 minute using a microwave heating device, and then the The temperature of the solution was maintained at 170° C. for 1 hour; thus, ruthenium(III) ions were reduced by ethylene glycol, and a dispersion liquid containing dark brown ruthenium nanoparticles was prepared.

[0369]

[0370] 2.88 g of carbon black was added as a carrier to the above dispersion liquid, the dispersion liquid was sufficiently stirred to disperse the carbon black, 100 mL of 0.5-mol / L sulfuric acid was added to the d...

Embodiment 2

[0399] A platinum layer is formed so that the surface of the ruthenium nanoparticles is covered with the platinum layer, and the molar ratio of platinum and ruthenium reaches a set molar ratio (feeding molar ratio) of 4:1 in the platinum-containing catalyst to be prepared. Other than that, as in Working Example 1, a platinum-containing catalyst was synthesized, refined, and dried, and performance evaluation of the platinum-containing catalyst was performed. The platinum-containing catalyst particles supported by carbon black were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the TEM observation image, the average particle diameter of the platinum-containing catalyst particles was 2.5 nm (standard deviation: ±0.5 nm). Therefore, the average thickness of the platinum layer is 0.55 nm (=2.5-1.4 / 2), corresponding to 2.4 (=0.55 / 0.2265) platinum atomic layers.

Embodiment 3

[0401] A platinum layer was formed so that the surface of the ruthenium nanoparticles was covered with the platinum layer, and the molar ratio of platinum and ruthenium reached a set molar ratio (feeding molar ratio) of 7:1 in the platinum-containing catalyst to be prepared. Other than that, as in Working Example 1, a platinum-containing catalyst was synthesized, refined, and dried, and performance evaluation of the platinum-containing catalyst was performed. The platinum-containing catalyst particles supported by carbon black were observed by transmission electron microscopy. From the TEM observation image, the average particle diameter of the platinum-containing catalyst particles was 2.9 nm (standard deviation: ±0.5 nm). Therefore, the average thickness of the platinum layer is 0.75 nm (=(2.9-1.4) / 2), which corresponds to 3.3 (=0.75 / 0.2265) platinum atomic layers.

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Abstract

Disclosed is a core-shell-type platinum-containing catalyst that can reduce the amount of platinum used and has high catalytic activity and stability. Also disclosed are a process for producing the core-shell-type platinum-containing catalyst, an electrode, and an electrochemical device. The core-shell-type platinum-containing catalyst comprises particles each comprising a core particle (average particle diameter: R1) formed of a non-platinum element and a platinum shell layer (average thickness: ts) and satisfies the following relationships: 1.4 nm = R1 = 3.5 nm; and 0.25 nm = ts = 0.9 nm. The core particle contains an element satisfying Eout = 3.0 eV wherein Eout represents the average bound energy, based on Fermi level, of 5d orbit electrons of platinum present on the outermost surface of the platinum shell. A fuel cell comprising a platinum-containing catalyst as an anode catalyst, the platinum-containing catalyst comprising a Ru particle as a core particle, has an output density of not less than 70 mW / cm2 at a current density of 300 mA / cm2 and an output retention of not less than about 90%.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to a core-shell type platinum-containing catalyst comprising core metal particles made of non-platinum elements and a shell layer (platinum layer), a fuel cell using the same, a platinum-containing catalyst resistant to carbon monoxide poisoning, and preparation thereof Methods, and electrodes and electrochemical devices utilizing platinum-containing catalysts. Background technique [0002] Since fuel cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy are highly efficient and do not cause environmental pollution, fuel cells are attracting attention as clean power sources for portable electronic devices, home use, vehicles, etc., and development of fuel cells is ongoing. [0003] In recent years, as portable electronic devices such as cellular phones, notebook personal computers, digital cameras, and camcorders have become more complex and multifunctional, portable electronic devices tend to consume more power. As p...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): B01J35/08B01J23/46B01J37/16H01M4/88H01M4/90H01M8/10
CPCY02E60/523H01M4/925H01M4/8657Y02E60/50H01M4/92B01J23/46B01J37/16H01M4/90B01J35/51
Inventor 后藤习志细井慎李于利工藤喜弘前坂明弘
Owner SONY CORP
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