2649 results about "High carbon" patented technology

A catalyst composition and process facilitates the oxidative reforming of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as methane, to other hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms (“C₂₊ compounds”). Compositions having a formula comprising a metal, tungsten, manganese and oxygen effectively catalyze the oxidative reforming of methane with a high rate of conversion and selectivity. Controlling feed gas flow and catalyst bed temperature controls the exothermic OCM reaction, avoiding runaway reactions or coking. A single or multiple reactor system can be utilized for the oxidative reforming reactions. Using two reactors in series, catalyst embodiments produced favorable yields of C₂₊ compounds, in the presence or absence of a distributed oxygen feed, and with or without interstage effluent cooling. Removal of desirable end products from the reactor effluent, followed by recycling of the residual effluent, increases the conversion to, and ultimate yield of desirable end product.

The invention relates to a high carbon steel wire rod with tensile strength of more than 1,200 MPa and surface shrinkage of more than 35 percent and a preparation method thereof. The high carbon steelwire rod comprises the base components of C, Si, Mn, Cr and the like, selective components of Ni, Cu, Al, B, Ti, Nb, Mo and the like, and the balance of Fe and impurities. The preparation method comprises the following procedures of smelting, casting, rolling and cooling control sequentially, wherein the rolling-starting temperature of the rolling procedure is controlled between 1,000 DEG C and 1,100 DEG C, the spinning temperature is 870-930 DEG C, the cooling controlling procedure is carried out by adopting Steyr cooling control, rapid cooling is adopted before the phase change and at the earlier stage of the phase change, and the slow cooling is adopted at the later stage of the phase change. The high carbon steel wire rod has excellent mechanical performance, less alloy elements and low cost; and meanwhile, the preparation method is realized by only less adjusting the prior production process of the high carbon steel wire rod without nearly adding any production cost.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. High carbon biogenic reagents are also provided.

The invention relates to a microemulsion heavy wax crystal emulsifying dispersant applied to an oil well for tertiary oil recovery, and is mainly used for solving the problem that the oil production rate is influenced due to the high return pressure and the short thermal washing period of the oil recovery well caused by that serious wax precipitations are generated by the oil well which contains thickened oil and is high in polymer flooding and viscosity. The emulsifying dispersant is prepared from the following components by weight percent: 1% to 3% of high-molecular polymer wax inhibitor, 13% to 25% of organic aromatic solvent, 1% to 3.5% of emulsifying agent, 8% to 12% of sulfonate, 10% to 12.5% of alcohol, 10% to 20% of demulsifier and 25% to 35% of water. The emulsifying dispersant has the dual effects of eliminating and preventing the waxy bitumen colloid precipitations with long molecular chains or high carbon number in crude oil from being precipitated, so that the wall sticking quantity of condensate oil is greatly decreased; the running load of the oil well is reduced; and the well washing period is prolonged. Thus, the oil production rate is improved.

A method in which a parent hydrocarbon-rich material is processed so as to produce both a carbon-rich solid material that has a higher carbon to hydrogen ratio than that of the parent material and a carbon-deficient combustible gas that has a lower carbon to hydrogen ratio than the parent material. In the process, the material is activated by exposing it to a hot gas stream having elevated levels of one or both of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The combustible gas is combusted to produce heat. At least about 80% of the heat is used in one or more endothermic steps that include drying coal or biomass.

The present invention discloses and teaches new methods of converting syngas into ethanol and/or other higher alcohols. Preferred embodiments recycle methanol, partially convert it to syngas, and then convert this additional syngas also to C₂₊ alcohols. Generally, the invention provides reactors comprising catalysts capable of converting syngas to alcohols with low selectivities to carbon dioxide and methane, and further provides process strategies to separate and recycle unreacted syngas as well as methanol produced by the catalyst. The invention is capable of turning modest per-pass reaction selectivities to a particular alcohol, such as ethanol, into economically significant net selectivities and yields.

An antireflective hardmask composition includes an organic solvent, an initiator, and at least one polymer represented by Formulae A, B, or C:

The invention relates to a method for comprehensively using aluminium to electrolyze a waste cathode carbon block, which belongs to the technical field of environment protection and comprises the following steps: crushing and grinding the waste cathode carbon block; adjusting the concentration and the PH value of ore slurry after the grinding, then using floatation equipment to carry out floatation treatment, and separating electrolyte and carbon which are contained in the waste cathode carbon block; using an aluminium salt solution to soak for extracting the electrolyte contained in a carbon product obtained from the floatation, and further improving the grade of a high-carbon product; mixing the grinding waste water, the floatation waste water and the soaking solution, and adding CaO and CaCl2 to precipitate and recover aluminium and fluothane in the mixture. The method for comprehensively using aluminium to electrolyze a waste cathode carbon block has simple operating condition, low energy consumption, high recovery ratio of valuable substances and good application prospect.

The present invention relates to the selective separation of methane (“CH₄”) from higher carbon number hydrocarbons (“HHC”s) in streams containing both methane and higher carbon number hydrocarbons (e.g. ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, etc.) utilizing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (“ZIF”) material. Preferably, the stream to be separated is fed to the present process in a substantially gaseous phase. In preferred embodiments, the current invention is utilized in a process to separate methane from higher carbon number hydrocarbons in natural gas streams.

The invention provides a method for melting ultra-low carbon steel. The method adopts a desulfuration of molten iron-converter-RH-continuous casting process, wherein a sulfur content in the molten iron is 0.002%-0.006% after desulphurization; converter smelting controls oxygen blowing time, an oxygen gun flow, a bottom-blowing intensity and a smelting period, adopts slag-stopping tapping, steel tapping with a content of C being 0.06%-0.08% and with a temperature of 1650-1680 DEG C, and an oxygen content in the molten iron is 0.03%-0.05%; an RH adopts forced decarburization with a highest vacuum degree of 67-100 MPa and decarburization time of 15-27 min, and a carbon content in the molten iron is 0.0010%-0.0020% and a dissolved oxygen content in the molten iron is 0.025%-0.040% after the decarburization; the molten iron is recycled for 3-5 min after deoxidation by adding aluminium and recycled for another 3-5 min after adding other alloys; a nitrogen content in the molten iron is 0.0015%-0.0035%, and the temperature is 1590-1640 DEG C; and killed steel treatment is carried out for 10-30 min. The method adopts converter tapping with a high carbon and low oxygen content, can use less or not use slag modified agents during the tapping process, accelerates the production rhythm, makes the molten steel cleaner, and reduces the production cost.

The invention provides a high-carbon high-chromium high-niobium cast iron self-protection flux-cored wire. The flux-cored wire has a steel belt as an outer skin. The flux core comprises the following components in weight percentage: 10 to 30 percent of ferroniobium, 20 to 30 percent of high carbon ferrochrome, 0.1 to 3 percent of V, 0.2 to 3 percent of W, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of ferromanganese, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of 75 ferrosilicon, 20 to 30 percent of chromium carbide, 5 to 12 percent of graphite, 1 to 10 percent of aluminum-magnesium alloy, 1 to 5 percent of silicon carbide and 1 to 3 percent of ferroboron; and the percentage of a counter weight is between 46 and 54 percent. The high-carbon high-chromium high-niobium cast iron self-protection flux-cored wire has the advantages of high hardness, good wear resistance, good oxidation resistance and strong shock resistance, and is widely applied to grinding rolls and grinding disks of coal grinding machines in thermal power plants and cement plants, material charging equipment in blast furnaces(material charging slots, receiving cones, material storage areas and sieve plates), slag vertical mills, hammer heads and rollers of crushers and sintering equipment workpieces in steel plants.

The disclosed surface chemical thermal treatment technique for a high-C-Cr bearing comprises: setting parameters, front cleaning, pre-oxidizing, heating, carbonitriding, cooling to diffuse, quenching, and tempering. This invention uses the treatment device in vehicle and motor cycle gear process to form one layer with special tissue and improve contact fatigue strength and surface hardness.

A semiconductor device of the present invention includes a semiconductor layer composed of SiC, a metal layer directly bonded to one face of the semiconductor layer, and a high carbon concentration layer formed on a surface layer portion at one side of the semiconductor layer and containing more highly concentrated carbon than a surface layer portion of the other side. Further, a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device of the present invention includes the steps of forming, on a surface layer portion at one face side of a semiconductor layer composed of SiC, a high carbon concentration layer containing more highly concentrated carbon than a surface layer portion at the other face side by heat treatment and directly bonding metal to the high carbon concentration layer.

The invention provides a high hardness ferrite stainless steel wearable flux-cored wire, which takes a low carbon steel H08A cold rolling thin steel strip as an external wrapper; furthermore, the wrapper is internally provided with a powder core which is composed of graphite, metal and alloy powder; the weight percentages of all ingredients of the powder core are 50-75% of high carbon ferrochrome, 10-16% of ferrovanadium, 6-10% of ferrotitanium, 2-10% of tungsten carbide, 2-3% of nickel powder, 1.5-2.5% of silver graphite, 1-3.5% of boron carbide, 1-2% of aluminium magnesium powder, 0-10% of metallic chromium, and the residual quantity of reduced iron powder; the filling proportion of the powder core is 46-50%; the invention adopts the technical proposal that high-content ferrovanadium and adequate alloy powders such as tungsten carbide and boron carbide, etc. are added into the flux-cored wire, changes the microstructure of the existing ferrite stainless steel flux-cored wire surfacing alloy, overcomes the shortages of poor wearability and ductility, and can be applied to submerged arc bead weld manufacture or repair of the parts which has high requirement of abrasion and the corrosion resistance of the wearable grain.

A modified activated carbon supported rhodium type catalyst for high carbene hydrocarbon hydrogen formylation reaction is provided. The preparation of the catalyst comprises the techniques such as carrier pretreatment-activity rhodium solid-phase bound reagent combination, and used for gas-liquid-solid three phase catalyst system, which is characterized in that: a certain amount of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and salt modification activated carbon is used as a carrier, and the supported rhodium catalyst is prepared by using multiple impregnation method. The catalyst of the present invention is high in activity and selectivity. The catalyst is easy to be separated from products after reaction, capable of being used repeatedly, stable in performance, and suitable for the production process of high carbene hydrocarbon or mixed olefin hydrogen formylation made high carbon aldehyde, which has good industrial application value.

A method of forming a component from a gamma prime precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloy. The method entails formulating the superalloy to have a sufficiently high carbon content and forging the superalloy at sufficiently high local strain rates so that, following a supersolvus heat treatment, the component is characterized by a fine and substantially uniform grain size distribution, preferably finer than ASTM 7 and more preferably in a range of about ASTM 8 to 10.

Fluid diffusion layers with favorable mechanical, physical and structural properties are prepared for fuel cell electrodes by: impregnating a porous carbonaceous web with a matrix comprising a polymer having pyrrolidone functionality and a high carbon char yield resin, such as activated aramid fiber pulp, lignins, phenolics, benzoxazines and phthalonitriles; and carbonizing the matrix. The polymer is optionally oxidized before carbonizing. The matrix may also include conductive fillers and/or pore formers. The fluid diffusion layers are particularly suitable for use in continuous roll-to-roll MEA processing of GDLs for use in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating at high current densities and/or in highly humidified conditions.