123 results about "Contact fatigue" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of gears. A residual stress intensity factor is introduced into a Walker model, the influence of residual stress on the crack propagation residual life is analyzed, then a crack closing coefficient is introduced to correct the Walker model, and the bending fatigue life of the gear is obtained. The roughness and the dynamic meshing force are added into the model, the dynamic abrasion loss of the gear is calculated according to the improved Archard model, and the contact fatigue life of the gear is obtained; and finally, combining the gear bending fatigue reliability distribution function with the contact fatigue reliability distribution function by adopting a Copula function, and analyzing a competitive failure relationship among different failure forms by utilizing the combined distribution function to obtain a competitive failure reliability model so as to analyze the service life of the gear. According to the technical scheme, the technical problem of comprehensively describing the reliability of the gear is solved, accurate prediction of the reliability of the gear is achieved, and research, development and design of the gear are facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal part surface modification, and relates to a composite strengthening method for a carburized surface of a high-bearing gear of an aero-engine. According to the method, high-hardness and high-density ceramic shots are adopted as media for high-energy mechanical shot peening strengthening, the advantage that the subsurface strain hardening effect of the contact strengthening technology is good and the barb-shaped distribution characteristic of mechanical shot peening residual compressive stress are utilized, extremely high residual compressive stress is introduced to the subsurface position, and the contact fatigue performance of the tooth surface of the gear is improved. High-frequency laser shot peening strengthening is used for secondary treatment, so that the surface layer of the material is subjected to plastic deformation, high-amplitude residual compressive stress is introduced into the surface layer of the material within the depth range of more than 500 microns by utilizing the advantage of large influence depth of laser-induced shock waves, and the residual compressive stress can inhibit fatigue crack initiation, has a certain depth and inhibits fatigue crack propagation; and the bending fatigue resistance of the root of the gear can be effectively improved. And an abrasive flow process is adopted, so that the roughness is reduced to be more than 0.4 mu m.

The invention belongs to the field of rail manufacturing, and specifically discloses a manufacturing method for improving the low temperature fracture resistance and contact fatigue damage resistance of rails and the rails obtained thereby. The method comprises the following steps: converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, billet continuous casting, billet cleaning and cooling, billet heating, rail rolling, online heat treatment and post-treatment, wherein: during the converter smelting process, bottom blowing of nitrogen is performed; after the RH vacuum treatment, iron-calcium wire feeding treatment is performed. Calculated by mass percentage, the chemical composition of the steel billet includes: C: 0.50-0.65%, Si: 0.45-0.95%, Mn: 0.35-0.85%, Cr: 030-0.80%, Cu: 0.20-0.55%, Ni: 0.10-0.30%, N: 0.007-0.030%, and the chemical composition of the steel billet also includes at least one of V, Nb, and Ti, wherein V: 0.02-0.15%, Ti: 0.001-0.030%, Nb: 0.01-0.08%, and the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities. The steel rail obtained by the method provided by the present invention has excellent comprehensive properties such as resistance to low-temperature fracture, resistance to contact fatigue, corrosion resistance and weldability.

The invention relates to the technical field of textile machinery part manufacturing, in particular to a physical simulation device for a textile crochet hook of a circular knitting machine, which comprises a pay-off roller, a take-up roller and a crochet hook fixing support, a crochet hook is vertically arranged on the crochet hook fixing support, and a tension adjusting assembly is arranged at the lower end of the crochet hook. The pulling force of the doubling thread on the crochet hook is controlled through the pulling force adjusting assembly, a reciprocating mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the pay-off roller and comprises an eccentric wheel assembly and a fabric fixing assembly, and the distance between two fixing points for fixing the doubling thread on the fabric fixing assembly is adjustable. The eccentric wheel assembly drives the fabric fixing assembly to do reciprocating variable motion to simulate working conditions; verification test research in anti-fatigue manufacturing of the crochet hook is carried out, the problems of environmental factors and time cost in the actual use process of the crochet hook are effectively solved, theoretical interface research of contact fatigue and abrasion of the spinning crochet hook is facilitated, and a fatigue and abrasion failure mechanism is obtained based on the crochet hook under different manufacturing conditions.

The invention provides a residual life prediction method and device of a chip test connector and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: firstly collecting the current data of a loop where the chip test connector is located in a first time period, and determining the current rise rate, the current sag feature and the current noise feature based on the current data; and inputting the current rise rate, the current sag feature and the current noise feature into a pre-trained prediction model to obtain the residual life of the chip test connector output by the prediction model. According to the application, multi-dimensional features such as the current rising rate, the current sag feature and the current noise feature are extracted according to the dynamic current, the features influencing the service life of the chip test connector can be monitored in real time, and the influence of contact fatigue, arc risk and connection surface dirt in the working process of the chip test connector is comprehensively considered; the prediction accuracy is improved, and various problems caused by performance reduction of the chip test connector are reduced.

The present invention relates to the technical field of wheel-rail tribology. Specifically disclosed is a wheel-rail material rolling contact fatigue damage prediction method based on different evaluation indices. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of a wheel-rail shakedown map, carrying out wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue simulation tests, so as to obtain damage states and shakedown limit curve equations of wheel / rail materials with different shear yield strengths under different contact parameters; on the basis of a rough set theory, calculating the importance and relative weights of different evaluation indices; establishing a comprehensive evaluation index cloud model, respectively calculating comprehensive certainty degrees of an index attribute value to be evaluated belonging to different damage states, and using a maximum-value rule for the comprehensive certainty degrees to evaluate and predict rolling contact fatigue damage states; and using comprehensive evaluation index attribute values to perform validation, so as to finally determine a prediction result of a selected wheel-rail material rolling contact fatigue damage state under a condition to be subjected to prediction. The method in the present invention only depends on existing engineering data, such that the subjectivity of a damage state prediction process can be greatly reduced.

The invention provides a gear contact fatigue life prediction method considering macro-micro geometric parameter influence. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a tooth surface contact-dynamics analysis model considering macro-micro geometric parameter influence, and calculating tooth surface dynamic load distribution; secondly, establishing a calculation model of the stress on the surface and below the surface of the gear considering the influence of lubrication and surface roughness, and calculating the oil film pressure and the stress on the surface and below the surface of the gear; and finally, establishing a gear contact fatigue life prediction model considering the influence of macro and micro geometric parameters, and calculating the contact fatigue life of the gear. According to the method, the influence of the rigidity change of the gear on the contact fatigue life of the gear is considered, the contact fatigue life of gears with different web structures is predicted, and the deviation between the contact fatigue life obtained through theoretical calculation and the actual contact fatigue life is reduced. Meanwhile, the method considers the influence of the error on the contact fatigue life of the gear, so that the prediction of the contact fatigue life of the gear with the modification and the error is realized.

Disclosed in the present invention are long-life bearing steel and a preparation method therefor, and electroslag remelting mold powder. The bearing steel is prepared by electric furnace or converter smelting, LF refining, vacuum degassing, continuous casting or die casting pouring, electroslag remelting and rolling, and rare-earth alloys, lanthanum and cerium, are added into molten steel before continuous casting or die casting pouring. According to the present invention, new electroslag remelting mold powder is used, so as to solve the problem that inclusions and carbide precipitation in bearing steel affect the contact fatigue life of the bearing steel, the contact fatigue life L10 value of the bearing steel under 4.5 GPa can be stably increased to 5×107 turns or more, and the use requirements of bearing steel in high-end fields such as high-speed rail bearings, aviation bearings, and wind turbine bearings can be met.

The invention provides a rolling contact fatigue internal crack propagation test method based on additive manufacturing, belongs to the technical field of rolling part near-surface fatigue crack propagation research, and aims to solve the technical problems that the rolling contact fatigue internal crack propagation process is difficult to monitor, the propagation path and the propagation rate are not clear and the like. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a rolling contact fatigue sample containing internal buried defects through additive manufacturing, carrying out a rolling contact fatigue experiment by using a rolling contact fatigue testing machine and changing different experimental parameters, monitoring the expansion behaviors of internal cracks under different cycle times through industrial CT, obtaining an expansion rate curve of the cracks, and researching the crack formation mechanism. According to the method, the expansion behavior of the rolling contact fatigue II-III type composite crack can be reproduced, and technical support is provided for research on engineering problems of railway vehicle rim cracks, steel rail nuclear damage, bearing raceway surface stripping and the like and the rolling contact fatigue theory.

The invention relates to the technical field of gear life evaluation, in particular to a gear contact fatigue life evaluation method and system considering multi-stress coupling. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a gear three-dimensional geometric model according to gear geometric parameters to be evaluated; s2, constructing a gear thermal analysis model based on the gear three-dimensional geometric model; s3, constructing a gear contact analysis model based on the gear thermal analysis model, and calculating to obtain gear tooth surface contact stress; s4, based on a Dang Van multi-axial fatigue criterion, introducing a residual stress correction term, and constructing a gear contact fatigue life evaluation model; and S5, on the basis of the relevant actual working condition data of the gear, calculating the contact fatigue life of the gear according to the gear contact fatigue life evaluation model. Deep fusion evaluation of multiple stresses of the tooth surface contact stress, the thermal stress and the residual stress is realized, and a guidance basis is provided for evaluating and prolonging the service life of the gear.

The invention provides a gear fatigue pitting life prediction method integrating a fatigue criterion and data driving. The method comprises the following steps: collecting gear contact fatigue data of different materials from published literatures to construct an original data set; according to gear parameters and meshing conditions in literatures, ABAQUS simulation software is utilized to establish a finite element model of a two-dimensional local straight gear. And carrying out life calculation and verification by utilizing accurate stress and strain results obtained by simulation and combining an FS method. And within the experimental contact stress range, the fatigue pitting life is calculated by changing the load and using an FS method so as to expand the original data set. And applying the generative adversarial network model to further expand the data set. And finally, establishing a graph convolutional network model based on the recombined data set to predict the fatigue pitting service life. The method shows higher accuracy in prediction results. By implementing the method, an effective solution is provided for small sample failure analysis of the gear transmission system, and the method has engineering application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition, in particular to an agricultural machinery gear pitting measurement method based on KANs, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a gear pitting image through image acquisition equipment; unifying the resolutions of the gear pitting images and preprocessing the gear pitting images; making a segmentation label of the processed gear pitting image and dividing a data set, wherein the data set is divided into a training set and a verification set; the P-KAN module and the D-KAN module are combined with the convolution block, and a U-KAN + network is constructed; inputting the training set into the U-KAN + network, and performing iterative updating training on the U-KAN + network by using a cross entropy loss function considering category weight; and inputting the verification set into the trained U-KAN + network, segmenting an effective tooth surface and a pitting corrosion area of the gear, and detecting the gear through a segmentation index. According to the method, the segmentation precision of the gear pitting corrosion image can be effectively improved, so that the problem of efficiently and accurately detecting the gear failure in the gear contact fatigue test is solved.

The invention discloses an optimal design method for a circulating type planetary roller screw structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a multi-body contact mathematical model of a circulating type planetary roller screw; constructing a Bayesian learning model based on variational inference in combination with an active learning Kriging strategy; constructing a multi-objective optimization model, and determining design structure parameters, optimization objectives and constraint conditions; and solving the multi-objective optimization model by combining a Bayesian learning model and an NSGA-III algorithm, so as to obtain an optimal parameter combination when the contact points among the structures of the circulating planetary roller screw are constrained in a given range and the contact stress is minimized at the same time. According to the invention, the contact stress can be effectively reduced, the contact fatigue can be delayed, the transmission reliability can be improved, and the requirements of high-precision and high-load application can be met.

The present application belongs to the field of rail material research and manufacturing, and specifically discloses a rail structure for a subway humid environment. According to the distribution of pearlite lamellar spacing, the rail head cross-section structure can be divided into cap layer 1, cap layer 2, cap layer 3 and base material layer. The pearlite lamellar spacing distribution of cap layer 1 is 130-150 nm, the pearlite lamellar spacing distribution of cap layer 2 is 90-120 nm, the pearlite lamellar spacing distribution of cap layer 3 is 140-170 nm, and the pearlite lamellar spacing distribution of the base material layer is 200-230 nm. The present application designs cap-shaped structures with different depths and different pearlite lamellar spacing in the rail head. By accelerating the cooling speed of the heat treatment of the hot-rolled rail in different stages, the reasonable gradient structure distribution of the pearlite structure of the rail material is realized, the expansion speed of the rolling contact fatigue crack of the rail in the humid environment to the internal material is effectively slowed down, the rolling contact fatigue damage is reduced, and thus the comprehensive performance and service life of the rail are improved.

The invention discloses long-life bearing steel, a preparation method thereof and electroslag remelting casting powder, the long-life bearing steel is prepared by electric furnace or converter smelting, LF refining, vacuum degassing, continuous casting or die casting pouring, electroslag remelting and rolling, and rare earth alloy lanthanum and cerium are added into molten steel before continuous casting or die casting. And new electroslag remelting protection slag is designed, so that the problem that the contact fatigue life of the bearing steel is influenced by precipitation of inclusions and carbides is solved, and the 4.5 GPa contact fatigue life L10 value of the bearing steel can be stably increased to 5 * 10 < 7 > or above, so that the requirements of bearing steel in high-end fields such as high-speed rail bearings, aviation bearings and wind power bearings are met.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-quality GCr15 bearing steel. The preparation method comprises the steps of molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum treatment, continuous casting and slow cooling in a slow cooling pit. Key performance indexes such as hardness, wear resistance and contact fatigue performance of the GCr15 bearing steel are further improved by means of optimizing component design, improving a heat treatment process and the like. According to the preparation method of the high-quality GCr15 bearing steel, the oxygen content of the bearing steel is lower than 10 ppm, the cleanliness of a product is further improved, and therefore the fatigue performance is improved.

The present invention relates to the technical field of wheel-rail double-disc rolling simulation, and specifically discloses a double-disc rolling rail specimen design method that takes into account the effect of bending stress. The present invention realizes the effect of bending stress on the extension of rail rolling contact fatigue cracks on the double-disc rolling specimen, and combines finite element analysis methods and rolling contact fatigue and wear testing machines, SEM scanning electron microscopes and other equipment to analyze the cross-sectional crack morphology and maximum bending stress value σ of the double-disc rolling rail specimen. simRmax The cross-sectional shapes of the specimens are optimized according to the analysis results until the crack morphology of the specimen cross section is close to the crack morphology of the rail cross section after field service, and the total height H of the simulated beam cross section of the specimen is continuously modified until it meets σ simRmax =σ Rmax , and then combined with the rolling contact fatigue and wear testing machine to verify the rationality of the test structure again, to ensure that the rolling contact fatigue crack damage of the full-size rail under bending stress can be reproduced in the laboratory.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal part machining, in particular to a heavy-duty gear and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the heavy-duty gear comprises the following steps that S1, intermittent LIS bombardment is conducted on a gear base body; s2, intermittently depositing Cr atoms on the gear base body to obtain a Cr base layer; s3, a CrAlC transition layer and a Cr-Al-GLC layer are sequentially deposited on the Cr base layer; wherein the setting of the working time and the intermittent time of the intermittent LIS bombardment process and the intermittent Cr atom deposition process meets the condition that the temperature of the gear base body is maintained to be 140 DEG C or below. Through intermittent LIS bombardment and intermittent Cr atom deposition processes, the temperature of a gear base body is strictly controlled to be 140 DEG C or below, attenuation of residual compressive stress on the surface of the gear is effectively prevented, the residual compressive stress on the surface (0-25 microns) of the gear is kept at 680-920 MPa, and therefore the contact fatigue strength of the gear is improved, and the service life of the gear is prolonged. And fatigue failure caused by insufficient residual compressive stress of the gear under the heavy load working condition is avoided.

The application discloses an automatic folding and sealing box machine photoelectric detection device and method and the automatic folding and sealing box machine, and belongs to the technical field of automatic packaging and transportation. The device comprises a conveying line, a pair of photoelectric switches and a mounting bracket. The pair of photoelectric switches comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the transmitting end and the receiving end are arranged on the two sides of the conveying line. The transmitting end is used for transmitting a detection light beam, and the receiving end is used for receiving the detection light beam in a non-contact manner and outputting a detection signal when the light beam is interrupted. The mounting bracket is used for fixing the transmitting end and the receiving end. The application does not need the direct collision between materials and detection components, avoids the mechanical damage to the box body, eliminates the problems of the wear, fracture and contact fatigue oxidation of a traditional travel switch contact rod, greatly improves the service life of the detection device, and reduces the equipment maintenance frequency and maintenance cost.

The invention discloses a time-varying reliability optimization design method and system for a helical gear. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a gear reliability optimization design model which takes gear volume minimization as an optimization target and takes full-life-cycle time-varying reliability as a constraint; constructing a gear contact fatigue time-varying limit state function coupling the time-varying load spectrum and the material strength degradation model; constructing a time-varying reliability analysis module based on an agent model and an active learning strategy so as to evaluate the time-varying limit state function; and an optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the gear reliability optimization design model, the time-varying failure probability of the candidate scheme is evaluated by calling the time-varying reliability analysis module, the time-varying reliability constraint is processed according to the time-varying failure probability, and optimal gear design parameters meeting the constraint are output. According to the method, efficient cooperation of time-varying reliability high-precision evaluation and lightweight optimization design is realized, and the problem that a time-varying factor cannot be considered in optimization due to too high analysis cost in a traditional method is solved.

The invention provides a carburized gear tooth crest modification and shot peening composite strengthening method, which belongs to the field of gear precision machining and manufacturing, and is characterized in that the part, close to the tooth crest, of a modified tooth surface is subjected to modification, and secondary shot peening strengthening with different shot peening strengths is carried out on a modified gear. The method specifically needs to preset a certain point of a tooth surface as a tooth crest modification starting point; according to the starting point, an arc curve tangent to a tooth surface involute is established to serve as a tooth top modification curve; establishing a gear load analysis model to perform parameter optimization on the preselected modification starting point and the circular curve radius; carrying out high-precision modification processing according to the optimally designed modification parameters; shot peening strengthening is conducted on the gear subjected to shape modification machining; and finally, detecting the surface performance and the fatigue performance of the gear. Tooth top modification and shot peening strengthening can be combined for use, the gear surface is subjected to combined strengthening, the tooth surface performance of the machined gear is improved, and the contact fatigue performance and the bending fatigue performance of the gear can be improved at the same time.

According to the method for determining the spinning roller surface strengthening process, Cr12MoV material surface strengthening research is carried out, surface strengthening is carried out on a spinning roller through the QPQ technology, and the strengthened spinning roller is applied to work under the complex working conditions of high load, high abrasion resistance and contact fatigue resistance. According to the method, the test piece is subjected to surface nitriding treatment, nitrocarburizing treatment and surface composite QPQ salt bath treatment, and the surface hardness and friction wear performance of the test piece under different surface strengthening systems are compared and analyzed on the basis of research results of technological parameters of the three surface strengthening modes shown in attached drawings 3-5. Through analysis of test data, the wear resistance of the surface subjected to composite QPQ salt bath treatment is optimal, the hardness meets the working requirements of the spinning roller, and the method for strengthening the surface of the spinning roller through composite QPQ salt bath treatment is determined. Experiments prove that the service life of the spinning roller subjected to surface strengthening is prolonged by 10% compared with that of a spinning roller which is not subjected to strengthening treatment.

This invention provides a single-rod, dual-pump synchronously driven, alternating, continuous, ultra-low alternating load deep pumping lifting system, comprising a double-rod working cylinder, at least one set of gear assembly supports, and two parallel-arranged pumps. The upper end of the gear assembly supports is connected to the double-rod working cylinder, and the lower end is connected to the two parallel-arranged pumps via double-pump couplings. Two parallel rack rods are provided inside the working cylinder, and the lower ends of the two rack rods are connected to the plungers of the two pumps respectively. Racks for meshing with gears installed in the gear assembly supports are fixed on the two rack rods. Flow holes are provided on the gear assembly supports. This new lifting system can significantly reduce or even completely avoid contact fatigue damage at tubing thread connections, reduce the number of wells lying down due to tubing thread leakage, and lower the maintenance costs of mechanically operated wells. It also achieves continuous wellhead drainage and improved pump efficiency through deep pumping with small pumps.

The invention discloses a subsurface contact fatigue damage calculation method considering surface integrity characteristic parameters, relates to the technical field of mechanical part fatigue analysis in engineering, and solves the problem that existing mainstream fatigue analysis software lacks a subsurface contact fatigue analysis module. The method comprises the steps of finite element model input and subsurface layer adaptive grid generation, surface integrity characteristic parameter gradient curve characterization, surface integrity characteristic parameter coupling effect model establishment, and subsurface fatigue damage and danger depth prediction. The core of the method is to generate a sub-surface layer adaptive grid, characterize a gradient curve of surface integrity characteristic parameters changing along the depth, and establish a coupling effect model of each characteristic parameter to sub-surface contact fatigue damage, thereby realizing damage prediction and dangerous area positioning functions.

The present invention provides a high-contact fatigue gear steel for new energy vehicles, its production method, and heat treatment process. The steel comprises C 0.20-0.25%, Si 0.20-0.40%, Mn 1.10-1.30%, P ≤ 0.010%, S ≤ 0.010%, Cr 1.10-1.25%, Mo 0.50-0.70%, Nb 0.030-0.050%, Al 0.020-0.040%, Ti: 0.03-0.05%, Ni 0.4-0.6%, Cu ≤ 0.2%, [N] 30-50 ppm, TO ≤ 10 ppm, [H] ≤ 1.0 ppm, with the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Compared with the prior art, the present invention produces high-contact fatigue performance gears suitable for new energy vehicles through component design, production process optimization, carburizing process settings, and subsequent heat treatment.

The utility model discloses a linear guide rail structure for industrial automatic control equipment, which comprises a linear guide rail main body and a clamping slide block, the clamping slide block is slidably arranged on the front side of the surface of the linear guide rail main body, two sides of the inner cavity of the clamping slide block are respectively provided with a slide groove, the clamping slide block comprises a material base layer, a reinforcing layer and a wear-resistant layer, and the material base layer is provided with a plurality of grooves. The reinforcing layer is arranged on the inner surface of the material base layer, the wear-resistant layer is arranged on the inner surface of the reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer comprises a composite material layer and a steel alloy layer, and the steel alloy layer is arranged on the outer surface of the composite material layer. Through the arrangement of the reinforcing layer, the clamping sliding block has quite high hardness, abrasion resistance and contact fatigue strength, meanwhile, the core part keeps good toughness and can bear high impact load, the good effect of improving the abrasion resistance of the clamping sliding block is achieved, and the problem that due to the fact that a traditional clamping sliding block is poor in abrasion resistance, when the clamping sliding block is used for a long time, the abrasion resistance of the clamping sliding block is poor is solved. And the clamping sliding block is damaged due to abrasion of the clamping sliding block.

The invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the abrasion loss of an involute gear based on a self-reference datum. The method does not need to depend on an external reference, measurement errors caused by reference deviation are effectively reduced, an accurate and rapid calculation method is found, accurate calculation of different involute gear abrasion losses can be achieved by changing the basic parameters of the gear, and the calculation accuracy is improved. Similarly, the abrasion loss of corresponding involute parts, such as involute splines, can be accurately calculated. And a key technical support is provided for wear loss precision control and data reliability of the gear tooth surface in gear wear and gear contact fatigue tests and process and parameter design of the gear.

The invention discloses a high-homogenization steel for a high-power wind power yaw bearing ring, a bearing ring and a production process, and belongs to the field of alloy steel. The steel contains C0.47%-0.57%, Si0.40%-0.70%, Mn1.30%-1.50%, Cr0.50%-0.70%, Mo0.35%-0.45%, Ni0.25%-0.35%, Cu0.030%-0.050%, Nb0.010%-0.030%, Ti0.0040%-0.0060%, Al0.015%-0.025%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.010%, N≤0.0080%, O≤0.0040% by weight. In the production method of the steel, normalizing and quenching and tempering are used for heat treatment. The produced bearing ring steel has excellent strength, toughness and contact fatigue performance, and is suitable for yaw bearings for 6MW wind power.

This invention applies selective laser cladding (SLS) technology to the fabrication of reducer pin tooth housings, designing a lightweight, high-strength pin tooth housing with both material and structural gradients. In terms of materials, a gradient material layer-by-layer printing process is employed, with the outer layer using high-strength alloy steel as the base layer, the middle layer using GCr15 bearing steel powder, and the inner gear surface coated with a thin layer of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder. A certain proportion of transition zone material is incorporated between each layer to enhance the wear resistance and contact fatigue strength of the pin tooth housing. Structurally, a certain structural gradient is used, with a three-layer structure designed using UG 3D modeling software. The top and bottom layers are solid and gapless, while the middle layer uses a negative Poisson's ratio hollow structure, significantly reducing the weight of the pin tooth housing and achieving lightweight design. This dual-gradient design allows the reducer to maintain better overall mechanical performance while achieving a lightweight design.

The application provides a measurement and calculation method based on self-reference reference involute gear wear amount. The method does not need to rely on external reference, effectively reduces the measurement error caused by reference deviation, and finds an accurate and fast calculation method. By changing the basic parameters of the gear, the accurate calculation of different involute gear wear amounts can be realized, and the wear amounts of corresponding involute parts, such as involute splines, can also be accurately calculated. The method provides key technical support for the precision control and data reliability of the gear tooth surface wear amount in the gear wear and gear contact fatigue test, and the process and parameter design of the gear.