2021 results about "True positive rate" patented technology

This invention relates to methods, kits and compositions suitable for the improved detection, analysis and quantitation of nucleic acid target sequences using probe based hybridization assays. The invention is more specifically directed to methods, kits and compositions suitable for suppressing the binding of detectable nucleic acid probes or detectable PNA probes to non-target nucleic acid sequences in an assay for a target nucleic acid sequence to thereby improve the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The methods, kits and compositions of this invention are particularly well suited to the detection and analysis of nucleic acid point mutations.

This patent document discusses, among other things, systems, devices, and methods for enhancing detection of pulmonary edema using, in addition to thoracic impedance, one or a combination of: physiologic information about a subject, at least one statistical parameter, a user-programmable detection level, at least one parameter associated with a previous pulmonary edema event, and patient symptom information about the subject. In one example, a (base) thoracic impedance threshold is modified to an adjusted thoracic impedance threshold. The adjusted thoracic impedance threshold provides an increased sensitivity of pulmonary edema detection as compared to the base thoracic impedance threshold. In another example, an alert is provided to a subject, a caregiver, or other user based on a pulmonary edema indication determined by the present systems, devices, and methods. In a further example, a therapy (provided to the subject) is adjusted or initiated in response to the pulmonary edema indication.

A depolarization waveform classifier based on the Modified lifting line wavelet Transform is described. Overcomes problems in existing rate-based event classifiers. A task for pacemaker / defibrillators is the accurate identification of rhythm categories so correct electrotherapy can be administered. Because some rhythms cause rapid dangerous drop in cardiac output, it's desirable to categorize depolarization waveforms on a beat-to-beat basis to accomplish rhythm classification as rapidly as possible. Although rate based methods of event categorization have served well in implanted devices, these methods suffer in sensitivity and specificity when atrial / ventricular rates are similar. Human experts differentiate rhythms by morphological features of strip chart electrocardiograms. The wavelet transform approximates human expert analysis function because it correlates distinct morphological features at multiple scales. The accuracy of implanted rhythm determination can then be improved by using human-appreciable time domain features enhanced by time scale decomposition of depolarization waveforms.

Methods and compositions are provided that are useful for detecting and reporting a plurality of different target polynucleotide sequences in a sample, such as polynucleotides corresponding to a plurality of different genes expressed by a cell or cells. In particular, the invention provides methods for screening a plurality of candidate polynucleotide probes to evaluate both the sensitivity and the specificity with which each candidate probe hybridizes to a target polynucleoide sequence. Candidate polynucleotide probes can then be ranked according to both their sensitivity and specificity, and probes that have optimal sensitivity and specificity for a target polynucleotide sequence can be selected. In one embodiment, polynucleotide probes can be selected according to the methods described herein to prepare “screening chips” wherein a large number of target polynucleotide sequences are detected using a single microarray have a few (e.g., 1–5) probes for each target polynucleotide sequence. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention provides a screening chip that can detect genetic transcripts from the entire genome of an organism. In an alternative embodiment, polynucleotide probes can be selected according to the methods described herein to prepare “signature chips” to more accurately detect certain selected “signature genes” using several polynucleotide probes (e.g., 10–20) for each signature gene. The invention additionally provides microarrays containing polynucleotide probes for a large number of genes expressed by a cell or organism. Further, methods for detecting a plurality of polynucleotide molecules, including a large number of genes expressed by a cell or organism, are also provided.

A novel limited primer extension reaction improves detection sensitivity and specificity in a variety of hybridization platforms. In the invention, a sequence of target DNA that lacks one of the four types of nucleic acid bases for a span of eight or more adjacent nucleotide positions is selected for use. This sequence is referred to as the extension complement sequence, or ECS. A primer with a sequence that is complementary to the target sequence that is immediately downstream (to the 3′ side) of this ECS is used to initiate an extension reaction. Extension occurs using a DNA polymerase and standard deoxynucleoside triphosphates for three of the four types of nucleic acid bases. The fourth base, which is complementary to the base missing in the ECS, is either absent or present only in the form of a dideoxynucleoside triphosphate, which does not support further extension. In either case, the extension reaction does not proceed past the first occurrence in the template of the base that is missing in the ECS. This results in a primer extension product with fixed length determined by the length of the ECS. The process can be repeated using a thermal-stable polymerase in a thermal-cycled reaction that results in a linear amplification of the targeted sequence. The resulting limited primer extension products serve as ideal hybridization analytes for determination of sample sequence content using microarrays.

A novel polymeric nucleic acid probe improves detection sensitivity and specificity in a variety of hybridization platforms. The probe is made up of multiple short nucleic acid sequences (referred to as monomers) attached together to form a long polymeric probe for use in hybridization applications. For applications requiring immobilization of the probes to a surface, the polymeric probes are similar to long DNA probes in that they can be immobilized to a variety of surfaces without need for a chemical modification to the end of the probe. Because target nucleic acids hybridize to the relatively short monomers in the polymeric probe, the polymeric probes are more specific than long DNA probes. In addition, polymeric probes also improve the signal-to-background ratio by increasing the number of accessible monomer oligonucleotide probes immobilized per unit area on a surface.

The subject invention provides novel and efficacious systems and methods for particle, chemical, and / or biocompound sensing. In one embodiment, the system of the invention comprises a sensing device that includes a membrane containing at least one nanochannel that spans all or substantially all of the thickness of the membrane. The nanochannel(s) of the invention can be functionalized to enhance target analyte detection and quantification. In one embodiment, the nanochannel is conically shaped and includes a molecular recognition agent for a target analyte. In certain operations, the sensing systems of the invention quantitatively and qualitatively detect biochemical / biomedical species and biomacromolecules, such as proteins, DNA, cells, spores and viruses, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.

The methods and apparatus disclosed herein provide digital diagnostics and digital therapeutics to patients. The digital personalized medicine system uses digital data to assess or diagnose symptoms of a patient, and feedback from the patient response to treatment is considered to update the personalized therapeutic interventions. The methods and apparatus disclosed herein can also diagnose and treat cognitive function of a subject, with fewer questions, decreased amounts of time, and determine a plurality of behavioral, neurological or mental health disorders, and provide clinically acceptable sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis and treatment.

The invention relates to a tumor cell microsatellite instable state complex amplification system and a detection kit and belongs to the field of biotechnology. In the invention, 8 quasi-monomorphic nucleotide repeated loci with high sensitivity and specificity (including NR-21, NR-22, NR-24, NR-27, BAT-25, BAT-26, MONO-27 and CAT-25) are selected to detect microsatellite instability (MSI). Meanwhile, an amelo (AMEL) is added and a 9-loci multiplex amplification system is constructed, so the result is more accurate. The addition of the gender determining locus can prevent an experiment operator from mixing up samples and delivering wrong results to a certain extent. In the invention, the operation is simple, and large-scale promotion is convenient. With the success of the development of the kit, the method can be used for batch production; the use conditions of the method can be modularized; automatic equipment is applied in the whole process, so the whole process is independent of theoperational experiment of people; and the total detection time is about 6 hours.

A breast imaging system leverages the combined strengths of two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging to provide a breast cancer screening with improved sensitivity, specificity and patient dosing. A tomosynthesis system supports the acquisition of three-dimensional images at a dosage lower than that used to acquire a two-dimensional image. The low-dose three-dimensional image may be used for mass detection, while the two-dimensional image may be used for calcification detection. Obtaining tomosynthesis data at low dose provides a number of advantages in addition to mass detection including the reduction in scan time and wear and tear on the x-ray tube. Such an arrangement provides a breast cancer screening system with high sensitivity and specificity and reduced patient dosing.

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

The invention provides a method for detecting on-line a multi-component gas and the testing arrangement for the method. The method comprises the following procedures: the current and temperature are tuned by a semi-conductor laser; after double modulation, the laser emitted from the semi-conductor laser passes an optic-fiber coupler, partial laser reaches to an open multi-optic-path pond, in which the emitted light that is absorbed by the gas to be measured is again transmitted through an optic fiber to a balance receiver; another partial laser from the optic-fiber coupler is also sent into the balance receiver; the signals picked up by the balance receiver is sent into a phaselocking amplifier after passing a pre amplifier, and then sent into a computer for processing after passing an A / D converter. The testing arrangement comprises a modulation signal generator, a laser driver, a laser spectrum light path, a signal conditioning circuit and a computer that are connected in sequence; the computer is additionally connected with the modulation signal generator, and connected with the laser spectrum optic path through a temperature detector / controller. The invention converts the precision controlling of temperature into the precision controlling of temperature, improves the sensitivity and opaqueness of the detection, so as to achieve the simultaneous testing of a plurality of components.

The invention relates to a primer pair and a probe used for noninvasive polygene methylation combination detection for early stage colorectal cancer, and includes the primer pair and the probe used for detecting methylation of genes Spetin9, NDRG4, BMP3, THBD and SDC2 and the primer pair and the probe for internal reference ACTB; the sequences of the primer pair and the probe are represented as the SEQ ID No.1 to the SEQ ID No.18. The invention also provides a kit containing the primer pair and the probe and applications thereof. The application method includes free DNA extraction from a plasma specimen, sulfite conversion, PCR amplification reaction, fluorescent signal detection and result determination. The kit and the method are suitable for methylation detection of the five genes Spetin9, THBD, SDC2, NDRG4 and BMP3 in human peripheral blood; compared with a conventional colorectal cancer diagnosis method, the application method fully utilizes the free DNA extraction from a plasma specimen, the DNA methylation and QPCR associated technologies, thus developing the kit having high sensitivity and specificity. The primer pair, probe and kit are used for performing early stage noninvasive screening to human colorectal cancer.

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal microcavity waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. The packaged chips comprise crossing waveguides to prevent leakage of fluids from the microfluidic channels from the trenches or voids around the light guiding waveguides. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Cardiac electrical data are received from a patient, manipulated to determine various useful aspects of the ECG signal, and displayed and stored in a useful form using a computer. The computer monitor displays various useful information, and in particular graphically displays various permutations of reduced amplitude zones and kurtosis that increase the rapidity and accuracy of cardiac diagnoses. New criteria for reduced amplitude zones are defined that enhance the sensitivity and specificity for detecting cardiac abnormalities.

The methods and apparatus disclosed herein can diagnose or identify a subject as at risk of having one or more developmental disorders with fewer questions, decreased amounts of time, and determine a plurality of developmental disorders, and provide clinically acceptable sensitivity and specificity in a clinical environment. The methods and apparatus disclosed herein can be configured to diagnose or determine the subject as at risk of a developmental disorder among a plurality of developmental disorders, and decreasing the number of questions presented can be particularly helpful where a subject presents with a plurality of possible developmental disorders. A processor can be configured with instructions to identify a most predictive next question, such that a person can be diagnosed or identified as at risk with fewer questions.

The invention discloses an early and late mild cognitive impairment classification method and device based on brain function network characteristics and belongs to the medical image processing technology field. According to the method, firstly, sample data is pre-processed, multiple brain region time series are extracted, the brain function network is constructed by utilizing a correlation coefficient between the Pearson's correlation calculation brain area time series, and brain network parameters are calculated; secondly, the stepwise analysis method is utilized to extract characteristics, abinary classifier is trained, corresponding characteristic vectors are extracted from to-be-classified resting state functional magnetic resonance data and are inputted to the trained binary classifier, and the medical image classification result is acquired. Compared with a method in the prior art, the method is advantaged in that classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are better.

The invention discloses a latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay kit for diagnosing gastric diseases or gastric cancer, a preparation method thereof and application. Components of the kit include diluent, blank solution and a latex reagent of an antibody of pepsinogen I or an antibody of pepsinogen II and can further include a calibrator and quality control serum. The latex reagent contains nanoparticles coupled with the antibody of the pepsinogen I or the antibody of the pepsinogen II, and the particle sizes of the nanoparticles are different. The examination sensitivity cannot meet requirements when latex with the single particle size lower than 100nm is used for examination, the linear range is small when latex with the single particle size of about 200nm is used for examination, and accordingly the examination sensitivity and the linear range cannot meet requirements when latex with the single particle size is used for examination. After composite latex of the kit is used for marking, the examination sensitivity can be improved, the linear examination range can be broadened, and the latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay kit has the advantages of fast examination, high sensitivity and specificity, good accuracy and the like in terms of gastric disease or gastric cancer examination.

Currently, the circularization of small RNAs is broadly regarded as an obstacle in ligation-related assays and explicitly avoided while short lengths of linear RNA targets is broadly recognized as a factor limiting use of conventional primers in PCR-related assays. In contrast, the disclosed invention capitalizes on circularization of small RNA targets or their conjugates with oligonucleotide adapters. The circular RNA templates provide amplification of the target sequences via synthesis of multimer nucleic acids that can be either labeled for direct detection or subjected to PCR amplification and detection. Structure of small circular RNAs and corresponding multimeric nucleic acids provide certain advantages over current methods including flexibility in design of conventional RT and PCR primers as well as use of 5′-overlapping dimer-primers for efficient and sequence-specific amplification of short target sequences. Our invention also reduces number of steps and reagents while increasing sensitivity and accuracy of detection of small RNAs with both 2′OH and 2′-OMe at their 3′ ends. Our invention increase sensitivity and specificity of detection of microRNAs and other small RNAs with both 2′OH and 2′-OMe at their 3′ ends while allowing us to distinguish these two forms from each other.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) systems and methods for detecting biomolecules of interest, such as a virus, bacterium, or other infectious agent, are provided. A spectroscopic assay based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using a silver nanorod array substrate fabricated by oblique angle deposition has been developed that allows for rapid detection of trace levels of viruses or bacteria with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. This novel and improved SERS assay can detect minor spectral differences within strains of a single virus type such as respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus in the presence of biological media. The method provides rapid diagnostics for direct molecular and structural characterization of virus strains and virus gene deletion mutants generating reproducible viral spectra without viral manipulation.

The present invention provides a method of identifying origin of a metastasis of unknown origin by obtaining a sample containing metastatic cells; measuring Biomarkers associated with at least two different carcinomas; combining the data from the Biomarkers into an algorithm where the algorithm normalizes the Biomarkers against a reference; and imposes a cut-off which optimizes sensitivity and specificity of each Biomarker, weights the prevalence of the carcinomas and selects a tissue of origin determining origin based on highest probability determined by the algorithm or determining that the carcinoma is not derived from a particular set of carcinomas; and optionally measuring Biomarkers specific for one or more additional different carcinoma, and repeating the steps for additional Biomarkers.

The present invention provides compositions and devices comprising nanostructure networks, and related methods. The compositions may exhibit enhanced interaction between nanostructures, providing improved device performance (e.g., improved conductivity). In some embodiments, the devices are capable of interacting with various species to produce an observable signal from the device. In some cases, the compositions and devices may be useful in the determination of analytes, including—biological analytes (e.g., DNA, ebola virus, other infective agents, etc.), small, organic analytes, and the like. The embodiments described herein may exhibit high sensitivity and specificity to analytes and may be capable of analyte detection at femtomolar concentrations (e.g., 10 fM).

The present invention relates to sensitive, rapid and convenient assays for detection and or quantification of one or more analyte(s) in solution using multivalent proximity probes. The proximity probes each comprise several binding moieties, such as antibodies, and associated nucleic acid(s). When the binding moieties have bound to their analyte(s), the nucleic acids on opposite proximity probes interact with each other and a signal is generated based on this interaction. The multivalent proximity probes are especially valuable for highly sensitive and specific protein detection.

The methods and apparatus disclosed herein can evaluate a subject for a developmental condition or conditions and provide improved sensitivity and specificity for categorical determinations indicating the presence or absence of the developmental condition by isolating hard-to-screen cases as inconclusive. The methods and apparatus disclosed herein can be configured to be tunable to control the tradeoff between coverage and reliability and to adapt to different application settings and can further be specialized to handle different population groups.

The invention discloses a glucose detection sensor, and preparation and application methods thereof. The sensor comprises a three-electrode system, wherein a graphene / chitosan / glucose oxidase deposition modified glassy carbon electrode is used as a working electrode, a platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, and a calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode. In the detection process, by using the graphene / chitosan / glucose oxidase deposition modified glassy carbon electrode as the working electrode, the platinum sheet as the counter electrode and the calomel electrode as the reference electrode, an electrochemical work station is utilized to determine the glucose content. Compared with the traditional method, the invention has the advantages of higher sensitivity and higher specificity, and the low detection limit is 4.0*10<-7> mol / L; and meanwhile, the glucose sensor has the advantages of simple preparation process, stable performance and short sample detection time, can be recycled, and is convenient to operate.

The invention discloses a kit and method for staphylococcus aureus CRISPR locus detection. The kit comprises three pairs of specific primers designed according to three CRISPR locus gene sequences of staphylococcus aureus. The invention further discloses the method for staphylococcus aureus CRISPR locus detection. The three pairs of specific primers are utilized to amplify corresponding CRISPR fragments from sample genome DNAs. The kit and the detection method are simple to operate, high in sensitivity and specificity and low in detection cost and have good popularization and application values.

A breast imaging system leverages the combined strengths of two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging to provide a breast cancer screening with improved sensitivity, specificity and patient dosing. A tomosynthesis system supports the acquisition of three-dimensional images at a dosage lower than that used to acquire a two-dimensional image. The low-dose three-dimensional image may be used for mass detection, while the two-dimensional image may be used for calcification detection. Obtaining tomosynthesis data at low dose provides a number of advantages in addition to mass detection including the reduction in scan time and wear and tear on the x-ray tube. Such an arrangement provides a breast cancer screening system with high sensitivity and specificity and reduced patient dosing.

The present invention is related to methods of early diagnosis of ovarian cancer in a patient by determining serum levels of blood markers using a novel LabMAP™ technology (Luminex Corp., Austin, Tex.), which allows for simultaneous measurement of the blood markers in serum. The panel of blood markers offers extremely high predictive power for discrimination of ovarian cancer from both healthy control patients and from patients with benign pelvic / ovarian tumors. The methods of the present invention allow for rapid, early diagnosis of ovarian cancer with extremely high sensitivity and specificity to be clinically useful in disease diagnosis.

The invention provides a sandwich enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) quantitative detection method of Golgi protein GP73. Two strains of monoclonal antibodies aiming at different epitopes of a GP73 extracellular domain are used as a coated antibody and a detection antibody; and the GP73 content is detected through substrate developing and a standard curve. A sandwich ELISA quantitative detection kit of the GP73 comprises the coated antibody, the detection antibody, sealing solution, washing buffer, a color reagent, stop solution and a standard substance, wherein the coated antibody and the detection antibody are two strains of monoclonal antibodies aiming at different epitopes of the GP73 extracellular domain; and the amino acid sequences of proteins recognized by the monoclonal antibodies are shown as SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 2 respectively. Through the sandwich ELISA quantitative detection method and the sandwich ELISA quantitative detection kit of the GP73, the sensitivity and the specificity for detecting the GP73 are improved, high stability and reproducibility are guaranteed, the operating time is shortened and the cost is reduced.